Examination of the psychometric properties of the children’s loneliness scale for students with and without special needs in inclusive classrooms*

Early detection of loneliness in children, especially children with special needs who are at greater risk for loneliness, is crucial for planning appropriate interventions. A review of studies regarding the assessment of loneliness in children reveals the Children’s Loneliness Scale (CLS) is commonly used in other cultures whereas information about the use of CLS in Turkish culture, especially on children with special needs, is very limited. This study investigates the psychometric properties of CLS on a group of 4th and 5th graders with and without special needs in inclusive classrooms. The study group consists of 554 typically developing students and 151 students with special needs, a total of 705 students whose ages range from 9 to 13. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to examine the construct validity of the CLS and revealed that the scale has a unidimensional structure. The validity of this unidimensional construct was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Discriminant validity of the CLS was examined using the criterion group method and a significant difference was found between the loneliness scores of students with special needs and those without special needs. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability analyses were conducted in order to determine the reliability of the CLS. Results showed that the CLS has high internal reliability and provides stability in measurements. In general, the findings of this study indicated that the CLS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the loneliness levels of students with and without special needs attending 4th and 5th grade inclusive classrooms. © 2015 EDAM

Influence of some ecological variables on wild mushroom (Boletus edulis) productivity

Yabani mantarlar, özellikle de ayı mantarı (Boletus edulis) yiyecek ve ilaç sanayiinde kullanılmalarının yanı sıra ekolojik ve rekreasyonel önemlerinden ötürü en kıymetli odun dışı orman ürünleri arasındadır. Yabani mantarların giderek artan sosyoekonomik değerleri, bu ürünlerin odun üretimine bir alternatif olarak düşünülmesine neden olmaktadır. Mantar ürünlerine dayalı ekosistem hizmetlerinin sürdürülebilir orman amenajman planlarına entegrasyonu, mantar verimliliği ile ekolojik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin sayısal olarak anlaşılması ile mümkündür. Bu araştırmada, eğim, bakı ve yükseklik gibi bazı ekolojik değişkenlerin ayı mantarı (Boletus edulis) verimliliği üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan mantar envanter verileri Bicik Planlama birimi sınırları içerisindeki 75 adet devamlı örnekleme alanından elde edilmiştir. Tek yönlü varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre ilgili mantar verimliliği ile meşcere eğim ve bakısı arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gözlemlenirken, meşcere yükseltisi ile anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilememiştir. Buna göre, kuzey bakılı alanlar ile eğimin %20-30 arasında olduğu meşcereler sırasıyla 6.5 kg/ha-116.7adet/ha ve 33 kg/ha-333.3adet/ha değerleri ile diğer eğim ve bakı gruplarına göre daha düşük miktarda mantar verimliliğine sahip olmaktadır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar mantar verimliliği ile farklı ekolojik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin net olarak belirlenebilmesi için mevcut analizlerin farklı ekosistemlerdeki değerli tüm doğal mantar türleri için yaygınlaştırılması gerektiğini göstermektedir.Wild mushrooms, Boletus edulis in particular are among the most important non-wood forest products (NWFPs) all over the world due to their nutritional, medicinal, ecological and recreational importance. Increasing socioeconomic value of wild mushrooms is made consider these products as an alternative for timber. Integrating mushroom-based ecosystem services into sustainable forest management plans requires understanding of the relationships between mushroom yields and its ecological drivers. This study evaluated the influence of some ecological variables such as slope, aspect and altitude on the productivity of wild mushroom, Boletus edulis. Mushroom data was collected from 75 permanent plots in Bicik planning unit covered by mixed even aged forest. Significant differences were found among aspect and slope classes whereas there were no differences among elevation classes with one-way ANOVA analysis. According to the results lower mushroom productivity was found in the areas of north aspects or slopes between 20-30% with 6.5 kg/ha-116.7unit/ha and 33 kg/ha-333.3unit/ha respectively than the other aspect and slope groups. This study showed that to obtain general knowledge relating to the effects of more ecological factors on mushroom productivity further research efforts is needed for all valued wild mushrooms, in the different ecosystems

Comparison of the self-concepts, social skills, problem behaviors, and loneliness levels of students with special needs in inclusive classrooms

This study examines whether the self-concepts, social skills, problem behaviors, and loneliness levels of students with special educational needs (SEN) in inclusive elementary classrooms differ from those of students without special educational needs (non-SEN). This study also aimed to identify the roles of self-concept, social skills, and problem behaviors in predicting the loneliness levels of SEN students. The study group comprised 272 students (4th and 5th graders) attending inclusive elementary classrooms. A total of 140 were SEN and 132 were non-SEN students. The Social Skills and the Problem Behaviors Scales of the Social Skills Rating System-Teacher Form (SSRS-TF), the Children’s Loneliness Scale (CLS), and the Piers–Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale (PHCSCS) were used as data collection tools. The findings showed that the self-concepts, social skills, problem behaviors, and loneliness levels of the SEN students were significantly different than those of the non-SEN students. It was also found that self-concept and social skills were significant predictors of the loneliness levels of SEN students. The findings were discussed regarding the related literature and the inclusive practices in Turkey. © 2015 EDAM

RETHINKING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT (FAILURE) OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: STUDENT (FAMILY) OR SCHOOL, WHAT IS DECISIVE?

The purpose of this study is to analyze the academic achievement of vocational high school students through student level and school level variables. Student level variables were demographic data, socioeconomic and socio-cultural characteristics of the family, the educational environment and opportunities provided to the student, as well as attitude scores determined by the Attitude towards School Scale. School level variables were the total number of students and teachers in the schools. Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) was used to analyze student and school level variables. Vocational high school students come mainly from the lower socioeconomic strata of society. Academic achievements of students differ according to schools. The school level variable that predicts academic achievement is the total student number in the school. The more the number increases, the academic achievement of the students decreases. Variables that determine academic achievement in vocational education is predominantly (63% probability) related to socioeconomic and socio-cultural variables at the student level

Corona Pandemia Times: The Export Credit Insurance as a Trade Finance Tool

It is expected that Great Lockdown caused by Covid-19 will cause the worst recession since the Great Depression, and far worse than the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. This paper aims to analyse the effectiveness of export credit insurance as a tool to mitigate the consequences of default in deferred international trade payments. A panel data analysis will be realized by using the data of 27 Berne Union member countries for 11 years in order to elaborate the effects of the export credit insurance commitments on exportation by taking into account other related economic factors such as export as a percentage of GDP, export volume, real effective exchange rate. The results of the analysis indicate that the export credit insurance schemes, mainly supposed to be provided by the public insurers, may mitigate the detrimental effects of Covid-19 on international trade

Determination of Pre-Consolidation Pressure by Different Method

 One of the most important soil problems seen on fine-grained soils is the settlement problem. The primary consolidation settlement shows itself over time with the effect of water. Also, the settlement properties of soil change depending on the stress history. In this study, silt mixtures with three different sand percentages were prepared using the slurry sludge preparation method under 50kPa load, and pre-consolidation pressures were calculated by performing the oedometer experiment on the obtained samples. Using the collected oedometer data, the pre-consolidation pressures were calculated and compared by six different methods. As a result, the results equal to the vertical stress values applied for the three mixtures were obtained by Butterfield and Tavenas methods. Sand content was effective in Casagrande, Van Zelst, and Janbu methods, but not in Butterfield, Tavenas, and Shmertman

Kutadgu Bilg’de kültür unsurları

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışmada Yusuf Has Hâcip tarafından yazılan Kutadgu Bilig adlı eserin içerisinde yer alan kültür unsurları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Eserde yer ana ve yan karakterler, kişi adları, hayatın geçiş dönemleri olan doğum evlilik ve ölüm, giyim kuşam unsurları, yeme içme unsurları, dini unsurlar, gök bilimini oluşturan unsurlar, etnik unsur ve dil adları, savaş unsurları, renk kavramı ve renk adları, hayvan adları, bitki adları, hitap şekilleri, cebirsel ifadeler, sayılar, ticaret terimleri, organ adları, hastalıklar ve tedavi yöntemleri, coğrafik terimler, yön ve yer adları, meslek adları, akrabalık, aile ve arkadaşlık tanımlamaları, eğitim ve öğretime dair unsurlar, hakaret niteliği taşıyan kelimeler olarak sınıflandırmalar yapılmış ve tespitler ile ilgili örnek beyitler sunulmuştır. Dönemin kültürel unsurlarının tespiti açısından elde edilen bulgular sonuçlar bölümünde tablo yöntemiyle verilmiştir.In this study, the cultural elements in the work Kutadgu Bilig written by Yusuf Has Hâcip have been tried to be determined. The main and side characters in the work, the names of people, the transition periods of life, birth, marriage and death, the elements of clothing, elements of eating and drinking, religious elements, elements of the sky, ethnic elements and language names, elements of war, color concept and color names, animal names, plant names, forms of appeal, algebraic expressions, numbers, trade terms, organ names, diseases and treatment methods, geographic terms, direction and location names, profession names, kinship, family and friendship definitions, elements of education and training, insulting words were classified and sample couplets are presented. The findings obtained in terms of determining the cultural elements of the period are given in the results section by the table method

Kutadgu Bilig’de geçen muhasebe terimlerinin günümüz muhasebe terminolojisi açısından analizi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Yusuf Has Hacib tarafından kaleme alınan Kutadgu Bilig adlı yapıt, Türk İslam tarihinin en önemli eserlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu eser bugüne kadar başta dil olmak üzere tarih, hukuk, felsefe ve sosyoloji gibi birçok bilim dalının ilgi odağı olmuştur. Yerli, yabancı birçok bilim insanı bu eserle ilgili çok sayıda çalışma yapmıştır. Bu ilgiye muhasebe bilimiyle uğraşan akademisyen ve yazarların da dâhil olması kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Zira eserde muhasebe bilimiyle ilgili birçok ibare söz konusudur ve bu ibarelerle eser muhasebe bilim insanlarını kendine çeken bir yapıya bürünmüştür.Türklerin ticarete, hesap işleri düzenine ve muhasebeciye dönük ilk ciddi görüşlerini ortaya koyan Kutadgu Bilig adlı eserde muhasebe daha çok devlet muhasebesi şeklinde ele alınmış ve devletin mali teşkilatlanmasından sorumlu olan görevli memur ?hazinedar? olarak tanımlanmıştır. Günümüz muhasebecisini temsil ettiği düşünülen hazinedarın yetki ve sorumlulukları, taşıması gereken meslekî bilgi, donanım ve ahlakî özellikleri eserde yaklaşık seksen beyitlik bir bölümde anlatılmıştır. Yaklaşık bin yıl önce kaleme alınan Kutadgu Bilig adlı eserde günümüzde de kullanılan muhasebe temel kavram ve ilkelerine ilişkin belge ve bilgilere rastlanması dikkat çekici bir durumdur eser bu yönüyle Türkleri muhasebe alanında önemli bir noktaya taşımıştır.Türklerin diğer medeniyetler gibi muhasebe alanında da çok eski zamanlardan beri var olduklarını kanıtlamak amacı ile hazırlanan bu çalışmada, Kutadgu Bilig'de yer alan bütün beyitler incelenerek içlerinden muhasebe, kayıt düzeni ve ticari hayatı ilgilendiren kavram ve terimler seçilmiş, bu kavram ve terimler eserden örnek beyitler eşliğinde açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca muhasebe meslek ahlakı temel ilkelerine değinilerek Kutadgu Bilig'e göre muhasebecinin taşıması gereken ahlakî özellikler de sınıflandırılarak anlatılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kutadgu Bilig, Türk muhasebe tarihi, muhasebe meslek ahlakıKutadgu Bilig written by Yusuf Has Hacib is regarded as one of the most important works of Turkish Islamic history. This work has been the focus of attention for many disciplines such as history, law, philosophy, sociology and mainly language, so far. Local and foreign many scientists made a number of studies related to this work. It has been inevitable that academics and writers dealing with the accounting science are included this interest. Because, there are lots of marks related to the accounting science, and the work has been an attracting structure for accounting scientists with these marks.Accounting is discussed more in the form of government accounting and the responsible officer for the financial organization of State is defined as ?treasurer? in Kutadgu Bilig setting out the first views of Turks about trade, accounting work order and accountant. Powers and responsibilities, vocational knowledge, appointments and moral features which must be sustained by treasurer regarded as the representative for today?s accountants are explained in a section of approximately eighty couplets in the work. It is a remarkable fact that documents and information about basic concepts and principles of accounting used today were found in Kutadgu Bilig written about a thousand years ago; in this regard, the work moved Turks to an important point in the field of accounting.In this study which is prepared with the aim to prove the presence of Turks such as other civilizations in the field of accounting since ancient times, all couplets in Kutadgu Bilig are examined and concepts and terms concerning the accounting, recording and commercial life are selected, these concepts and terms are explained with sample couplet from the work. In addition, moral features which must be sustained by accountants are explained by being classified with the reference to the fundamental principles of ethics of the accounting profession.Keywords: Kutadgu Bilig, history of Turkish accounting, accounting ethic

Asılı sarkaç sisteminde konum kontrolü

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Anahtar kelimeler: Asılı Sarkaç Sistem, Konum kontrolü, Model Esaslı AdaptifKontrol, PIDOn sekizinci yüzyıldan günümüze dek degisik alanlarda uygulanan asılı sarkaçsistemi konum kontrolü kontrol mühendisliginin önemli bir sorunudur. Zamanlasarkaç parametrelerinde olusan degisimler sistemin kontrolünü olumsuz yöndeetkilemekte ve kararsızlıga sebep olabilmektedir. Söz konusu bu sorunların çözümüiçin literatürde genis uygulama alanı bulan PID vb. gibi klasik kontrol yöntemleriyetersiz kalmaktadır. Sorunun çözümü için adaptif kontrol yöntemlerini kullanmakkaçınılmaz olmaktadır.Bu çalısmada asılı sarkaç sisteminin model esaslı adaptif konum kontrolüöngörülmüstür. Öncelikle laboratuar ortamında gerçeklestirilen bir asılı sarkaçsisteminin matematiksel modeli kullanılarak Matlab/Simulink yazılımı ortamındaPID ve model esaslı adaptif kontrol yöntemleri uygulanmıstır. Daha sonra aynıkontrol yöntemleri Labview yazılımı kullanılarak gerçek zamanda yürütülerekdegisik kosullar için deneysel sonuçlar elde edilmistir. Elde edilen deneysel sonuçlarile benzetim sonuçlarının oldukça uyumlu oldugu, PD kontrolör ile model esaslıadaptif kontrolün birlikte kullanılması durumunda oldukça iyi sonuçlar elde edildigigözlenmistir.Key Words: Compound Pendulum System, Position Control, Model ReferenceAdaptive Control, PIDCompound pendulum system position control which is applied in different fieldsfrom eighteenth century to today has been an important problem of controlengineering. Changes in pendulum parameters in the course of time affects systemcontrol negatively and could cause system instability. Classical control methods likePID etc. which have a great application area in literature became insufficient forsolution of these mentioned problems. So the solutions of this problem usingadaptive control methods are being necessary.Model reference adaptive position control in compound pendulum system has beensupposed in this study. At first, using mathematical model of the compoundpendulum system realized in the laboratory environment, PID and model referencecontrol methods applied by using Matlab/Simulink software. After that thementioned control methods are applied in real time with Labview Software andexperimental results for different conditions are obtained. Simulation results andexperimental results that has been obtained nearly the same and PD controller withmodel reference adaptive control fairly well results have been observed