Intra-oral compartment pressures: a biofunctional model and experimental measurements under different conditions of posture

Oral posture is considered to have a major influence on the development and reoccurrence of malocclusion. A biofunctional model was tested with the null hypotheses that (1) there are no significant differences between pressures during different oral functions and (2) between pressure measurements in different oral compartments in order to substantiate various postural conditions at rest by intra-oral pressure dynamics. Atmospheric pressure monitoring was simultaneously carried out with a digital manometer in the vestibular inter-occlusal space (IOS) and at the palatal vault (sub-palatal space, SPS). Twenty subjects with normal occlusion were evaluated during the open-mouth condition (OC), gently closed lips (semi-open compartment condition, SC), with closed compartments after the generation of a negative pressure (CCN) and swallowing (SW). Pressure curve characteristics were compared between the different measurement phases (OC, SC, CCN, SW) as well as between the two compartments (IOS, SPS) using analysis of variance and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests adopting a significance level of α = 0.05. Both null hypotheses were rejected. Average pressures (IOS, SPS) in the experimental phases were 0.0, −0.08 (OC); −0.16, −1.0 (SC); −48.79, −81.86 (CCN); and −29.25, −62.51 (SW) mbar. CCN plateau and peak characteristics significantly differed between the two compartments SPS and IOS. These results indicate the formation of two different intra-oral functional anatomical compartments which provide a deeper understanding of orofacial biofunctions and explain previous observations of negative intra-oral pressures at rest

Haarscharf am Rande des Abgrunds. Eindrücke zur Gegenwart psychoanalytischer Opposition(en) in Österreich

Auswirkungen der mittlerweile breiten wie prominenten Kritik an psychoanalytischen Standesorganisationen und Ausbildungsordnungen scheinen nach Ansicht der Autorin in Österreich äusserst gering zu sein. Die Verabschiedung des Psychologen- und Psychotherapiegesetzes anfang der 1990-er Jahre trug ihren Teil zu dieser Entwicklung bei. Im folgenden Beitrag werden Spuren einer institutions-und gesellschaftskritischen psychoanalytischen Bewegung untersucht, Ereignisse rund um die ‚offizielle’ Psychoanalyse beobachtet und organisatorisch-ideelle Möglichkeiten für die neuerliche Formierung psychoanalytischer Opposition(en) überlegt

Haarscharf am Rande des Abgrunds. Eindrücke zur Gegenwart psychoanalytischer Opposition(en) in Österreich

Auswirkungen der mittlerweile breiten wie prominenten Kritik an psychoanalytischen Standesorganisationen und Ausbildungsordnungen scheinen nach Ansicht der Autorin in Österreich äusserst gering zu sein. Die Verabschiedung des Psychologen- und Psychotherapiegesetzes anfang der 1990-er Jahre trug ihren Teil zu dieser Entwicklung bei. Im folgenden Beitrag werden Spuren einer institutions-und gesellschaftskritischen psychoanalytischen Bewegung untersucht, Ereignisse rund um die ‚offizielle’ Psychoanalyse beobachtet und organisatorisch-ideelle Möglichkeiten für die neuerliche Formierung psychoanalytischer Opposition(en) überlegt

Aspects of estimation uncertainty in risk management

This dissertation studies the impact of estimation uncertainty in short-rate interest rate models and its effect upon risk measures based on such models. The estimation uncertainty is described in a Bayesian framework. First, the Bayesian methodology is introduced and computational methods used to apply it are thoroughly discussed. Then, the impact of estimation uncertainty in the Chan-Karolyi-Longstaff-Sanders model is studied by estimating it both with maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods on nine currencies. This study also tests the predictive ability of this model both with and without estimation uncertainty. Additionally, this dissertation studies the impact of such estimation uncertainties upon risk measures for a term-fix insurance contract with cliquet-style guarantees and implicit options. The impact of estimation uncertainty is studied for two risk management techniques: static reserving and dynamic hedging. Additionally, this dissertation extends two existing pricing methods in order to price the aforementioned contract efficiently: The first is the extension of a trinomial tree to a bivariate trinomial tree, the second is the extension of the QUAD-algorithm to the Black-Scholes-Vasicek model