Parameter Sensitivity Analysis and Structural Development of an Airliner Lavatory Unit by Means of Finite Element Method = Repülőgép-mosdóblokk továbbfejlesztése véges elemes szilárdságtani analízis és paraméterérzékenységi vizsgálatok segítségével

The current lavatory blocks – which can be found on the board of different airliners – are connected to the aeroplane structure not just through their lower attachments but through their upper ones as well. This upper attachment makes their installation and rearrangement procedures difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, investigations are being carried out to ignore the mentioned attachment together with keeping the requirements. Structural stress analyses have been completed in the present work for the lavatory block without upper attachment using some solutions for increasing the structural integrity, in order to learn the effects of various static loads. The results of the different scenarios are investigated and compared to the outcomes of the lavatory block without upper attachment. In order to get a solution that meets the related safety requirements, parameter-sensitivity analyses of the lavatory structure have been completed. Based on the results of the survey and keeping the targets, the cost-effectiveness, feasibility and possible future tests in mind, a configuration that meets the authority requirements is determined. The advantages and disadvantages of the modifications are discussed, and suggestions are made at the end for the further steps to proceed. Az utasszállító repülőgépekben található jelenlegi mosdóblokkok alsó rögzítéseik mellett felül is csatlakoznak a repülőgép törzskereteihez. A felső rögzítés beszerelésüket és átrendezésüket megnehezíti és időigényessé teszi, ezért vizsgálatok folynak az említett rögzítés elhagyására az előírások betartása mellett. Ezért, a jelen munka célja, hogy megvizsgáljuk a felső rögzítés nélküli, továbbfejlesztett mosdóblokkok viselkedését különböző statikai igénybevételek hatására, és összehasonlítsuk ezt az egyszerű, felső rögzítés nélküli mosdóblokk esetén kialakult szilárdságtani számítások eredményeivel. A biztonsági előírásoknak megfelelő kialakítás elérése érdekében paraméterérzékenységi vizsgálatokat végeztünk. A számítások eredményei alapján kitűzött célokat, a költséghatékonyságot, a kivitelezhetőséget és az esetleges későbbi teszteket szem előtt tartva meghatároztunk egy olyan konfigurációt, amelyben a felső rögzítés nélküli mosdóblokk megfelel a hatósági előírásoknak. A munka következő részeiben bemutatjuk a változtatások előnyeit és hátrányait, majd javaslatot teszünk a további fejlesztési lépésekre

HUNCHEST-II contributes to a shift to earlier-stage lung cancer detection: final results of a nationwide screening program

The introduction of low-dose CT (LDCT) altered the landscape of lung cancer (LC) screening and contributed to the reduction of mortality rates worldwide. Here we report the final results of HUNCHEST-II, the largest population-based LDCT screening program in Hungary, including the screening and diagnostic outcomes, and the characteristics of the LC cases.A total of 4215 high-risk individuals aged between 50 and 75 years with a smoking history of at least 25 pack-years were assigned to undergo LDCT screening. Screening outcomes were determined based on the volume, growth, and volume doubling time of pulmonary nodules or masses. The clinical stage distribution of screen-detected cancers was compared with two independent practice-based databases consisting of unscreened LC patients.The percentage of negative and indeterminate tests at baseline were 74.2% and 21.7%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of positive LDCT results was 4.1%. Overall, 76 LC patients were diagnosed throughout the screening rounds (1.8% of total participants), out of which 62 (1.5%) patients were already identified in the first screening round. The overall positive predictive value of a positive test was 58%. Most screen-detected malignancies were stage I LCs (60.7%), and only 16.4% of all cases could be classified as stage IV disease. The percentage of early-stage malignancies was significantly higher among HUNCHEST-II screen-detected individuals than among the LC patients in the National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology's archive or the Hungarian Cancer Registry (p < 0.001).HUNCHEST-II demonstrates that LDCT screening for LC facilitates early diagnosis, thus arguing in favor of introducing systematic LC screening in Hungary.HUNCHEST-II is the so-far largest population-based low-dose CT screening program in Hungary. A positive test's overall positive predictive value was 58%, and most screen-detected malignancies were early-stage lesions. These results pave the way for expansive systematic screening in the region.• Conducted in 18 medical facilities, HUNCHEST-II is the so far largest population-based low-dose CT screening program in Hungary. • The vast majority of screen-detected malignancies were early-stage lung cancers, and the overall positive predictive value of a positive test was 58%. • HUNCHEST-II facilitates early diagnosis, thus arguing in favor of introducing systematic lung cancer screening in Hungary

Association of Gait Characteristics and Depression in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Assessed in Goal-Directed Locomotion Task

Introduction. In the genesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) clinical phenomenology the exact nature of the association between bradykinesia and affective variables is unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the gait characteristics and level of depression in PD and healthy volunteers. Methods. Patients with PD (n=48) and healthy controls (n=52) were recruited for the present study. Walking speed, stride length, and cadence were compared between groups while participants completed a goal-directed locomotion task under visually controlled (VC) and visually noncontrolled conditions (VnC). Results. Significantly higher depression scores were found in PD comparing to healthy control groups. In PD, depression was associated with gait components in the VC wherein the place of the target was visible. In contrast, in healthy subjects the depression was associated with gait components in VnC wherein the location and image of the target were memorized and recalled. In patients with PD and depression, the visually deprived multitask augments the rate of cadence and diminishes stride length, while velocity remains relatively unchanged. The depression associated with gait characteristics as a comorbid affective factor in PD, and that impairs the coherence of gait pattern. Conclusion. The relationship between depression and gait parameters appears to indicate that PD not only is a neurological disease but also incorporates affective disturbances that associate with the regulation of gait characteristics