Forming, Characterization and Evaluation of Hardness of Nano Carbon Cast Iron

AbstractThis investigation deals with forming nano carbon cast iron with the stir casting method, its x-ray and microscopic characterization and measurement of Rockwell C scale hardness before and after heat treatment. Atom Force Microscope and X Ray characterization were carried out on the multi walled carbon nano tube reinforcements as well as the nano carbon cast iron formed by adding the nano carbon with the grey cast iron. As the nano carbon reinforcements tend to agglomerate in the cast iron eutectic melt, prior sonication and coating with copper were done to prevent agglomeration, dissolution and oxidation of nano carbon. Soft and ductile α- ferrite phase was seen to form as a result of the stress relieving heat treatment thereby explaining the lower hardness values obtained compared to the as cast nano cast iron

REAL-TIME MULTI-PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM USING ARM AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Mobile Multi patient monitoring device has become increasingly important in Hospital wards to record real-time data during normal activity for better treatment. However, the current quality and reliability have not been satisfactory due to the size, weight, distance of coverage and also high power consumption. This paper provides a solution for enhancing the reliability, flexibility by improving the performance and power management of the real-time multi-patient monitoring system (MPMS). In the current proposed system the patient health is continuously monitored by the MPMS and the acquired data is transmitted to a centralized ARM server using Wireless Sensor Networks. A ZigBee node is connected to every patient monitor system which will send the patient\u27s vital information .Upon system boot up, the mobile patient monitor system will continuously monitor the patients vital parameters like Heart Beat, body temperature etc and will periodically send those parameters to a centralized server using ZigBee node configured as co-coordinator. If a particular patient’s health parameter falls below the threshold value, a buzzer alert is triggered by the ARM server. Along with a buzzer an automated SMS is posted to the pre-configured Doctors mobile number using a standard GSM module interfaced to the ARM server. The Doctor is continuously connected to the ARM server using GSM Module and he/she can get a record of a particular patient’s information by just posting a SMS message to the centralized ARM server. This will reduce treatment time, cost and power consumption to a greater extent. At the same time, the efficiency of examining ward will be improved by making the system more real-time and robust

Mixed finite difference method for singularly perturbed differential difference equations with mixed shifts via domain decomposition

AbstractIn this paper, a mixed finite difference method is proposed to solve singularly perturbed differential difference equations with mixed shifts, solutions of which exhibit boundary layer behaviour at the left end of the interval using domain decomposition. A terminal boundary point is introduced into the domain, to decompose it into inner and outer regions. The original problem is reduced to an asymptotically equivalent singular perturbation problem and with the terminal point the singular perturbation problem is treated as inner region and outer region problems separately. The outer region and the modified inner region problems are solved by mixed finite difference method. The method is repeated for various choices of the terminal point. To validate the computational efficiency of the method model examples have been solved for different values of perturbation, delay and advanced parameters. Convergence of the proposed scheme has also been investigated

Development of Smart Automated Irrigation System

This study is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system that switches (ON/OFF) a pump motor by sensing the moisture content of the soil using wireless technology. Through GSM Modem, the sensed moisture content data will be sent as an SMS to the user. The project uses 8051 series microcontroller, which is programmed to receive the input signal of varying moistures of the soil through sensors. This is achieved by using an op-amp as comparator which acts as interface between the sensing device and the microcontroller. Once the controller receives the signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating the water pump. It also sends an SMS to the concerned number using GSM modem. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display the status of the soil and water pump ON/Off condition. The sensing arrangement is made using two stiff metallic rods inserted to the agricultural field required to be in control. Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit. This concept can also be enhanced by integrating XBEE/Bluetooth technology, such that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, the information is sent to a smart mobile phone or XBEE transceiver module regarding the status of the pump

Unscarred uterine rupture: a retrospective analysis

Uterine rupture is an obstetrical emergency associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Spontaneous rupture of an unscarred uterus, though rare, can occur in developing countries. Many risk factors for uterine rupture, as well as a wide range of clinical presentations, have been identified. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence, predisposing factors and to determine the maternal and perinatal outcomes of unscarred uterine rupture. A retrospective analysis of cases of unscarred uterine rupture was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Andhra Medical College/King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam from 01 October 2020 to 31 October 2021. Out of the 8657 deliveries in our hospital during the study period, there were 11 cases of ruptured unscarred uteri giving an incidence of 0.127%. All of these (100%) were unbooked cases. Most of them (90.9%) were multigravida. Uterine rupture occurred at term in 9 cases and 2 were pre term. Maternal mortality was 18.18% (2 cases) and perinatal mortality was 72.72% (8 cases). Sub-total hysterectomy was done in 4 and laparotomy with repair of the rent was performed in the remaining 7 cases. Unscarred uterine rupture though a rare complication of pregnancy, can occur commonly in developing countries. Obstructed labour, mismanaged labour, injudicious use of oxytocin and grand multiparity are the common risk factors associated with unscarred uterine rupture

EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA AND SYZYGIUM CUMINI EXTRACT ON SERUM ELECTROLYTES IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: Diabetes is a group of disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels. Disturbances in serum electrolytes like sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) are found in diabetes. The purpose of the study was to investigate the disturbances in concentrations of serum electrolytes in hyperglycemic crisis and the effect of syzygium cumini and momordica charantia standardized aqueous extracts on serum electrolytes (Na+and K+) in normal and diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetes is induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg b. w in rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups (normal control, disease control, metformin, test 1 and test 2). In test groups 1 and 2, SASESC (standardized aqueous seed extract of syzygium cumini) and SAFEMC (standardized aqueous fruit extract of momordica charantia) were respectively administered orally to alloxan induced diabetic rats, and their serum electrolyte levels were observed at 1st, 4th, 7th and 14th days.Results: By the 14thday, the Na+ and K+ levels in groups 4 and 5 were almost normal. However, in group 3 (standard), Na+levels were relatively lower and K+ levels were relatively higher than groups 4 and 5 (test). In group 2 (disease control) as compared to group 1 (normal control), a decrease in Na+ and increase in K+ levels was observed even on day 14.Conclusion: Treatment with anti diabetic drugs like metformin, syzygium cumini (test-1), momordica charantia (test-2) restored the electrolyte levels almost back to normal over a period of study (14 d). There was significant (**P<0.01, *P<0.05) normalization of electrolyte levels in diabetic rats. It was concluded that syzygium cumini and momordica charantia showed better efficiency in restoring the electrolyte imbalance as compared to metformin during our study

Thyroid Dysfunction and Increased Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. To identify the other risk factors for developing gestational diabetes mellitus. SUMMARY: In our present study we investigated the association between thyroid dysfunction and increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus and assessed the other risk factors for developing gestational diabetes mellitus. We found that, incidence of GDM is high in overt hypothyroid groups when compared with other groups. Oral glucose tolerant test (OGTT) mean values of GDM patients were significantly high in overt hypothyroid patients when compared with Euthyroid patients. Interesting finding was that, overt hypothyroid patients with GDM had significantly high mean serum TSH values in their early pregnancy when compared to overt hypothyroid patients without GDM thereby indicating the association between thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. Incidence of GDM increased with increase in age, BMI, family history of diabetes, history of GDM, history of thyroid but dint reach the statistical significance Patients with history of PCOD and history of infertility had significantly higher incidence of GDM. CONCLUSION:The present study can be concluded that, thyroid dysfunction especially overt hypothyroidism is associated with increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. History of PCOD and history of infertility are the notable risk factors for developing GDM. It is prudent to identify women with thyroid dysfunction at the earliest in order to detect gestational diabetes mellitus with least delay and treat with vigilance. However, a long term study covering a wide spectrum of patients is likely to provide a better knowledge in understanding the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and increased risk of developing gestational diabetes