Veril Palutta Pala Reveals the Social Misfortunes

Social problems are the problems that occur in human life. Witnesses are pointing out the life problems of individual people and the different thoughts of the human mind. In today's times, there are various types of superstitions found in a few people. That is, this novel highlights the superstition that if a woman is married and her husband dies, then the women in her house should not go ahead of them when they go outside for work or for a good cause. A Government recruiting officer should behave honestly. For example, the road safety officer should follow the road rules and treat everyone equally. But in this novel, it is pointed out that the officer pays respect to the higher people and takes bribes from the common people. The witnesses have said that there are only two categories in this world namely male and female. However, inequality can still be seen in various places. This novel highlights that this brutality is not an exception in government office. The idea that some of the friends are true and some of them use friendship for necessity is featured in this novel. It is a Tamil tradition to welcome enemies with pleasure to our home. The novel is narrated by Saravanan's mother Mutthammal. This article is intended to highlight the problems found in this novel

A SURVEY OF PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE PROTOCOLS IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is one of wireless communication with a collection of more than one device or nodes or terminals which contain network capability that communicate with each other. A Mobile ad-hoc network is set of different types of movable nodes and consists of mobile platforms which are free to move randomly. MANET can be deployed at low cost in variety of application and it contains different types of routing protocols which are classified under the category of proactive (Table driven Protocols) and reactive protocols (on-demand). Nodes can directly communicate to all other nodes within the broadcast communication. If node could not have direct communication then they can act as intermediate node to communicate with other nodes. This paper focus on the survey of proactive and reactive routing protocols namely DSDVR, CGSR, GSR, WRP and DSR, AODV, TORA respectively

Phenotypic assessment of groundnut response to key abiotic stress

Groundnut is an important oil seed crop, grown under rainfed conditions and often exposed to abiotic stresses including drought and salinity. In the past few years we have screened a large number of germplasm of groundnut, including transgenic groundnut over expressing rd29::DREB1A, and found large variations for traits that are known to be important under drought and for salinity tolerance based on yield under stress conditions. Large differences in TE were observed in the non-transgenic germplasm that was explained by differences in lower transpiration rate (g/cm2). Moreover, the differences in TE were related to differences in the response of transpiration to higher VPD, i.e. low TE genotypes had sustained transpiration increase above 2.0 kPa, whereas, the high TE genotypes limited their transpiration above that VPD threshold. Several transgenic events had also enhanced water use efficiency across several water regimes which was also explained by lower transpiration rate (g/cm2) and stomatal conductance. These had enhanced root growth under drought stress that led to increased water uptake when grown in long/large PVC tubes. Under salinity stress, the striking finding was that Na accumulation was not responsible for the large differences in the observed seed yield; rather, higher salt tolerance appeared to be related to a tight control of plant water loss, where the tolerant germplasm had a lower transpiration rate (g/cm2), likely involving higher ABA content. Therefore, TE differences in groundnut appear to be strongly related to stomata regulation, which also appears to have a strong role under saline stress

The Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Different Restorative Composite Resins and Glass Ionomer Cement to White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: An in Vitro Study

Aim : The aim of this study was to evaluate & compare the shear bond strength of different restorative composite resins and glass ionomer cement over white mineral trioxide aggregate. Method: Forty specimens of White MTA were condensed into cavities prepared in acrylic blocks and divided into four groups (ten each). In group one, Adper single bond (two-step ′total- etch adhesive′) bonding agent and Z250 composite, in group two Xeno V one component self-etching adhesive bonding agent and CeramX Mono composite, in group three Vertise Flow flowable composite and in group four Glass ionomer cement were placed over White MTA. The shear bond strength was measured in the universal testing machine and the results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance test. Results: Adper single bond 2 and Z250 composite had statistically significant (p<0.005) higher shear bond strength values than Xeno V and Ceram X Mono composite, Vertise Flow and GIC. Conclusion: The placement of composite Z250, used with Adper single bond, over White MTA as final restoration may be appropriate

QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BIOPHYTUM

published quarterly. The aim of IJPBS is to publish. peer reviewed research and review articles rapidly without delay in the developing field of pharmaceutical and biological science

Acidotolerant Streptomyces sp. MBRL 10 from limestone quarry site showing antagonism against fungal pathogens and growth promotion in rice plants

Acidotolerant Streptomyces sp. MBRL 10 isolated from limestone deposit site on Gauze’s medium No. 1 (pH 5.3) showed significant antagonism against the tested fungal pathogens. It exhibited the highest mycelial growth inhibition by diffusible and volatile compound(s) production against Rhizoctonia solani. Culture filtrates also exhibited significant inhibition zone but the inhibition activities vanished when sterilized. The strain produced chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, lipase, protease and ammonia but not β-1,4-glucanase. It could produce 25 μg/ml of indole acetic acid, solubilize up to 140 μg/ml of phosphate with a concomitant decrease in pH of the medium. The bioactive actinomycete strain produced hydroxamate type of siderophore. Casamino acid was found to be the best medium for siderophore production (87% siderophore units).MBRL 10 showed the highest rice seedlings vigor index corresponding to an inoculum size of 0.3 × 108 cfu/ml. Strain treated rice seeds at an inoculum size of 0.3 × 108 cfu/ml showed higher germination percentage and significantly enhanced (P ⩽ 0.05) the growth of seedlings. Strain treated rice seedlings challenged with pathogens also exhibited higher germination percentages and significantly enhanced (P ⩽ 0.05) growth over seedlings challenged with pathogen alone in the absence of the bioinoculant. Rice plants treated with the strain significantly promote (P ⩽ 0.05) the growth under nethouse conditions. Keywords: Streptomyces sp. MBRL 10, Acidotolerant, Antagonism, Plant growth promoting traits, Vigor index, Rice plant

Deep Learning Activation Layer-Based Wall Quality Recognition Using Conv2D ResNet Exponential Transfer Learning Model

Crack detection is essential for observing structural health and guaranteeing structural safety. The manual crack and other damage detection process is time-consuming and subject to surveyors&rsquo; biased judgments. The proposed Conv2D ResNet Exponential model for wall quality detection was trained with 5000 wall images, including various imperfections such as cracks, holes, efflorescence, damp patches, and spalls. The model was trained with initial weights to form the trained layers of the base model and was integrated with Xception, VGG19, DenseNet, and ResNet convolutional neural network (CNN) models to retrieve the general high-level features. A transfer deep-learning-based approach was implemented to create a custom layer of CNN models. The base model was combined with custom layers to estimate wall quality. Xception, VGG19, DenseNet, and ResNet models were fitted with different activation layers such as softplus, softsign, tanh, selu, elu, and exponential, along with transfer learning. The performance of Conv2D was evaluated using model loss, precision, accuracy, recall, and F-score measures. The model was validated by comparing the performances of Xception, VGG19, DenseNet, ResNet, and Conv2D ResNet Exponential. The experimental results show that the Conv2D ResNet model with an exponential activation layer outperforms it with an F-score value of 0.9978 and can potentially be a viable substitute for classifying various wall defects