Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome) – A case report

Hunter syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type II is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by a defect in themetabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). We present a rare case of MPS with a typical presentation of coarse facies, shortstature, mild mental retardation and absence of corneal clouding. His radiographic findings were suggestive of MPS anddiagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating deficient Iduronate-2-sulphatase enzyme in plasma. We present this case tohighlight the distinctive manifestations as well as radiological and definitive diagnostic findings of the Hunter syndrome

Simpus Apus Sirenomelia – A case report of a rare congenital anomaly

Sirenomelia, also known as “mermaid syndrome”, is a rare congenital deformity of uncertain etiology. Sirenomelia ischaracterized by complete or partial fusion of lower limbs, giving the appearance of the tail of a ‘mermaid’. This syndrome isalmost always lethal due to associated congenital visceral abnormalities such as severe lung hypoplasia, and abnormalities ofthe kidneys, large intestines, and genitalia. We hereby, report a case of sirenomeila due to rarity of this condition and term livebirth

Maternal anthropometry in relation to birth weight of newborn: A prospective hospital based study

Background: Birth weight of neonate is probably the most important factor that affects the future survival and quality of life ofthe neonates. Objective: To study the maternal anthropometric parameters in relation to birth weight of neonate. Methods: Thisobservational case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India from March 2013 to September 2014.Low birth weight (LBW) neonates (<2.5 kg) and their mothers were taken as cases, and normal birth weight (NBW) neonates (≥2.5 kg)and their mothers were taken as controls. Data regarding demographic profile, maternal and neonatal anthropometry, antenatal, and natalevents were recorded. Results: Of total 600 subjects, 300 neonates were LBW (cases) and 300 were NBW (controls). Mean birth weightwas 2.05±0.252 kg (in cases) and 2.9±0.295 kg (in control). The weight of 59.3% mothers in the case group was below 50 kg (odds ratio[OR] - 3.4) and height was <150 cm (OR - 1.22). Mean maternal body mass index (BMI) in study and control group was 21.73±0.25and 22.06±0.87, respectively (p<0.0677). BMI ranged from 21.5 to 22 in 85% of NBW and 19% of LBW neonates, and from 22.1 to22.9 in 81% of LBW and 15% of NBW babies. Mean maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in this study and control groupwere 20±2.13 cm and 25.5±1.36 cm, respectively (p<0.0001). Maternal MUAC was 19-23 cm in 81% of LBW babies and 23-27 cm inmothers of NBW babies (OR - 24). Conclusion: MUAC can be used as an easy cost-effective tool to identify mother at risk of deliveringLBW babies so that they can be subjected appropriate care intervention at hospital and home to improve the perinatal outcome

Ascorbic acid as an effective alternative for treatment of dapsone poisoning in a child: A case report

Dapsone (DDS – Diamino diphenyl sulfone), a sulfonamide derivative acts by inhibiting PABA incorporation into folic acid. It is commonly used in treating skin diseases. Accidental poisoning in children is uncommon. It results in methaemoglobinemia by causing oxidative stress. Principle of treatment relies on treating methemoglobinemia by using reducing agents like methylene blue or ascorbic acid. Due to the long half-life, dapsone provides a continuing oxidative stress that can cause a recurrence of clinically significant methaemoglobinaemia and hence takes long to treat. Ascorbic acid is effective in treating methemoglobinemia associated with dapsone poisoning as demonstrated in this case report of a four and half year old child’s accidental ingestion of dapsone tablets and presenting with cyanosis. The child was managed successfully with ascorbic acid and supportive treatment

An Empirical Study of Ancient Wisdom. Effect of Anasakti (Non-Attachment) and Ahamkara (Ego) on Well-Being Amongst Indians

Introduction: According to Indian psychology, anasakti (non-attachment) and ahamkara (ego) play a significant role in determining true happiness. Aims: To study the role of anasakti (non-attachment) and ahamkara (ego) on the level of well-being amongst Indian adults. Methods: For the current study, 240 educated, urban Indian adults (Females = 104, Males = 136) were surveyed to investigate the relationship of anasakti (non-attachment) and ahamkara (ego) with well-being variables. Results: Anasakti (“non-attachment”) was revealed to be a significant factor in ensuring life satisfaction and experiencing positive emotions. Although ahamkara (“ego”) contributed significantly toward higher cognitive well-being and affective states, it better predicted negative emotions. Conclusions: The current study’s findings may widen our understanding of “What makes people happy?” and may add to the global well-being literature

Prevalence of children at risk of behavioral problems among preschoolchildren between the ages of 3 and 6 years

Background: Behavioral problems often go unnoticed in children; however, it is important to identify and treat the problem in childhood to prevent the long-term disability. Objective: The objective of the study was to find the prevalence of children “at risk” of behavioral problems in preschoolchildren and to identify the social, environmental, and family factors associated with the risk of behavioral problems in preschoolchildren. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 370 children from 3 to 6 years of age studying in preschools of Bhopal, using Preschool Pediatric Symptom Checklist. Bivariant analysis was performed using Chi-square test on STATA 11.2. Results: Overall prevalence of children at risk of behavioral problems was found to be 46.7% in the studied population. Children belonging to low-income families were at a higher risk of developing behavioral problems (p<0.001). Working mothers and time spent by fathers had a positive impact on a child’s behavior (p=0.008). Other factors that were studied but did not have significant association were gender, age, time spent by mother with child, presence of a sibling, and family size. Conclusion: The main factors contributing to increase in risk in children for developing behavioral problems were found to be less time spent by father with child and lower family income. However, working status of mothers did not increase the risk of developing behavioral problems

Acute abdomen after hysterosalpingography-flare up of subclinical abdominal Kochs or endometriosis, a diagnostic dilemma

Here we present the case report of a patient of infertility with endometriosis and undiagnosed underlying abdominal Kochs that exacerbated after hysterosalpingography (HSG), presenting as acute abdomen and causing a diagnostic dilemma. (HSG) is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the fallopian tubes and uterus. HSG is contraindicated in FGTB as it can result in flare-up of subclinical infection. However, it is often performed as part of infertility workup in unsuspected cases. In our patient the unsuspected preexisting abdominal Kochs got flared up after extravasation of the contrast material during HSG resulting in formation of pus and diffuse peritonitis. Explorative laparotomy was taken after 1 week of conservative management and pus drained along with ovarian cystectomy. The patient was started on antitubercular treatment postoperatively and recovered well

Integration of hatha yoga and evidence-based psychological treatments for common mental disorders : An evidence map

Background Interest in the use of yoga to enhance engagement with and augment the benefits of psychological treatment has grown. However, a systematic approach to reviewing existing research examining the use of yoga with psychological treatment is lacking. Materials and Methods This mapping review identified and synthesised research trialling yoga as an integrated or adjunct therapy with evidence-based psychological interventions for the treatment of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and eating disorders. Results Overall, the review identified ten published and three unpublished studies, representing either single group or small quasi-experimental research designs. Discussion Limited but promising findings were shown for yoga with CBT for anxiety and depression, and the integration of yoga within intensive treatment models for PTSD. Conclusions Future research is encouraged to focus on controlled trials that enable examination of the component effect of yoga when applied with evidence-based psychological treatment and acceptability and feasibility data to further knowledge regarding a role for yoga in clinical practice

Understanding Geographic Variations in Bmi in India

Comparison of Body Mass Index is a useful marker for energy imbalance and associated variations across populations. High BMI is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, whereas low BMI is associated with increased mortality. BMI comparisons across geographical locations may give us indication as to which direction the public health policies should head and what could be the corrective approach towards a more balanced and healthier energy level. The current study uses Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) data for women from 2005-06 to develop state-specific models of BMI and do inter-state comparisons. We also examined the individual versus contextual predictors of these variations. of the total sample (N = 118,734), 29% had a BMI lower than 18.5, and were classified as underweight, with Uttar Pradesh having the highest number of underweight women, followed by Maharashtra, West Bengal and Karnataka. North-eastern states of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram, collectively had lowest percentage of underweight residents. Female respondents who had higher levels of education, were married, and were employed, had a lower prevalence of being underweight (p\u3c0.000). Women who smoked and consumed alcohol were also more likely to be underweight. But addition of such individual level variables like income and wealth variables, educational and demographic variables, and health behaviors alter the odds of having a low BMI in some states (such as Punjab, Kerala, Goa & Delhi), but not in others (such as Bihar, Jharkhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Madhya Pradesh & Manipur). In former types of states where individual level variables change the odds of having low BMI, continued investments in education, health education targeted toward health-adverse behaviors, and access to public health resources may show improvement in levels of BMI. On the other hand, states where individual level variables did not influence the odds of having low BMI in our analysis might have different genotypical characteristics of the female respondents. It is also possible that these states might need intervention not only at individual level, but also at the level of macroeconomic and developmental factors such as food security, or to health-related factors such as the availability, accessibility, and quality of health care services, particularly those directed toward women. The current study shows the need for two-pronged policy interventions to alter the BMI imbalance in India