Case Report: Congenital tuberculosis in an aborted dromedary camel fetus

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical developing countries. Nevertheless, reports on congenital TB in humans and animals are extremely rare. In this study, abortion was reported in an 8-year-old she-camel at the 9th month of gestation. The she-camel appeared healthy in clinical examination, had a good body condition score, normal appetite, and had no signs of respiratory disease and fever. The expelled placenta was dark red-colored, thickened, and edematous with multifocal to coalescing ecchymotic hemorrhages on the allantoic surface. The striking finding was multiple, white-yellow, solid nodular lesions in the fetal lung, the pleura, and the liver. On histopathology, typical granulomatous lesions were detected in the lung and the liver characterized by caseous necrosis surrounded by lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration and concentric layers of fibrosis. The Ziehl-Neelsen staining detected scarce acid-fast bacilli in lung and liver tissues. The DNA extracted from tubercular lesions from the lung and liver showed amplification of the IS6110 region of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by PCR. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed a close association of these sequences with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The she-camel was detected positive for a single intradermal tuberculin test performed 24 h after abortion. This is the first report on congenital TB caused by M. tuberculosis in a dromedary camel fetus with a possible vertical transmission

Achievements of agricultural biotechnology: An initiative to double the farmer’s income through cutting edge technology

The population of the world is increasing nearly exponentially over time. To feed this population following the environment conservation protocol, it is essential to enhance the agricultural productivity even in the synchronizing agrarian land use pattern. To enhance the quality and productivity in agriculture sector, introducing the cutting edge technology is need of the hour.From ancient times, traditional approaches like selective breeding, adoption of agronomic management practices and application of indigenous technical knowledge have been used to attain resilience against various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, these traditional approaches are not sufficient to tackle the increasing repercussions of climate change and feed quality food to the expanding population. Therefore, in order to address these issues of climate change, population explosion and malnutrition, biotechnological interventions can be a promising approach. In the past, biotechnology based approaches have given successful products like Herbicide-resistant Soybean, Pusa Basmati 1, Bt Cotton, Bt Brinjal, Flavr-Savr tomato, a therapeutically significant product of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Panax ginseng. Besides that many more need based products are in pipeline which is under scrutiny of regulatory bodies, policymakers and environmentalists. It is profoundly expected that in the coming day’s agricultural biotechnology applications will bring revolutionary changes to existing agricultural scenario. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the achievement of agricultural biotechnology that is assisting to enhance the agricultural produce to double the income of farmers. However, this much is not enough; hence full utilization of all the sustainable agricultural biotechnological tools must come into the existence that definitely will boost the agricultural productivity

Bio-hydrogen production by co-digestion of domestic wastewater and biodiesel industry effluent

<div><p>The increasing water crisis makes fresh water a valuable resource, which must be used wisely. However, with growing population and inefficient waste treatment systems, the amount of wastewater dispelled in rivers is increasing abominably. Utilizing this freely available waste-water along with biodiesel industry waste- crude glycerol for bio-hydrogen production is being reported here. The bacterial cultures of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> strain EGU45 and <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain CD16 produced2.4–3.0 L H₂/day/L feed during a 60 days continuous culture system at hydraulic retention time of 2 days. An average H₂ yield of 100–120 L/L CG was reported by the two strains. Recycling of the effluent by up to 25% resulted in up to 94% H₂ production compared to control.</p></div

Continuous culture hydrogen production from sewage water and crude glycerol by <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> immobilized on coconut coir (CC): 5% (■, red filled square), 10% (▲, green filled triangle), 15% (●, violet filled circle) and Control (♦, blue filled diamond).

<p>Feed: 500 mL of Sewage water + Tap water in 3:1 ratio (0.05X M-9 salts) supplemented with crude glycerol (2%, v/v) at Hydraulic Retention Time of 2 days.</p

Summarized hydrogen production from sewage water and crude glycerol by different <i>Bacillus</i> species and effect of recycling of the effluent: Continuous culture.

<p>Summarized hydrogen production from sewage water and crude glycerol by different <i>Bacillus</i> species and effect of recycling of the effluent: Continuous culture.</p

Hydrogen production from sewage water and crude glycerol by different <i>Bacillus</i> species immobilized on lignocellulosic waste and the effect recycling of the effluent: Continuous culture.

<p>Hydrogen production from sewage water and crude glycerol by different <i>Bacillus</i> species immobilized on lignocellulosic waste and the effect recycling of the effluent: Continuous culture.</p

Continuous culture hydrogen production from sewage water and crude glycerol by <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> immobilized on coconut coir (CC): 5% (■, red filled square), 10% (▲, green filled triangle), 15% (●, violet filled circle) and control (♦, blue filled diamond).

<p>Feed: 500 mL of Sewage water + Tap water in 3:1 ratio (0.05X M-9 salts) supplemented with crude glycerol (2%, v/v) at Hydraulic Retention Time of 2 days.</p