Diabetes Prediction: A Study of Various Classification based Data Mining Techniques

Data Mining is an integral part of KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Databases) process. It deals with discovering unknown patterns and knowledge hidden in data. Classification is a pivotal data mining technique with a very wide range of applications. Now a day’s diabetic has become a major disease which has almost crippled people across the globe. It is a medical condition that causes the metabolism to become dysfunctional and increases the blood sugar level in the body and it becomes a major concern for medical practitioner and people at large. An early diagnosis is the starting point for living well with diabetes. Classification Analysis on diabetic dataset is a part of this diagnosis process which can help to detect a diabetic patient from non-diabetic. In this paper classification algorithms are applied on the Pima Indian Diabetic Database which is collected from UCI Machine Learning Laboratory. Various classification algorithms which are Naïve Bayes Classifier, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Support Vector Classifier and XGBoost Classifier are analyzed and compared based on the accuracy delivered by the models

ANATOMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THEVETIA PERUVIANA L. A COMMONLY PLANTED ROADSIDE TROPICAL SHRUB OF BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA

Objective: Air pollution is one of the most severe environmental problems of developing cities which adversely affects both plant and human life. However, roadside plants in the urban locations help in reducing the pollution level from the air through foliar surface and act as pollution sink. In this work, an attempt was made to understand the impact of air pollution on urban roadside plants which act as bio indicator.Methods: A study was conducted to check the impact of urbanization on air pollution by analyzing anatomical and biochemical aspects of Thevetia peruviana L. For anatomical analysis, the transverse sections of leaves were observed under a microscope; whereas for biochemical analysis, the estimation of chlorophyll, carotenoid and protein were determined by spectrophotometric methods. On the other hand, antioxidant enzyme assays, as well as specific activity staining, were performed to study the antioxidant potential. To investigate the antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts, an assay for catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were performed. Isoforms of CAT, GPX and SOD were separated using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and their activities were analyzed.Results: Analysis of data revealed that the anatomical disturbances significantly occurred in exposed plants of various sites. Among biochemical parameters, photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were found to be decreased. A maximum (7.65±0.51, 3.78±0.56,11.43±0.91, 5.63±0.55 mg/g, respectively) decrement was noticed in leaves of the Pokhariput plant in comparison to Khorda NH5 (19.44±1.08, 10.12±1.03, 29.56±2.32, 10.22±1.21 mg/g, respectively) which is taken as control one. To determine the effect of air pollution on proteins, leaf extracts were analyzed by the Lowry method and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The substantial decrement of total protein and alteration in polypeptides were noticed in polluted sites. Meanwhile, the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities such as CAT, GPX and SOD were also detected.Conclusion: The increment of antioxidant enzymes and alteration of proteins, suggesting the activation of defensive mechanisms in selected plants under air pollution stress and also the plants made physiological and biochemical adjustments to overcome the oxidative damage

Students’ Choice and Motivation for Journalism Education in Indian Private Universities

The study of journalism and Students' choice for learning has hardly recognised in the age of technology and proliferation of media industries. India has witnessed unprecedented growth of private vocational journalism institutes, where Students' choice for learning in journalism education remains inadequate attention. The paper brings an attempt to explore the Students' choice for learning and their future aspirations. The empirical survey results indicate that aspirations of the diverse Students' communities in private institutions can not only be met through interdisciplinary approach and cultural specific pedagogies, but social inclusiveness in media education can bridge the gap between supply and demand in the media sector

EFFECT OF LOWER LIMB PASSIVE CYCLING MOVEMENT ON SPASTICITY IN PERSONS WITH STROKE

Abstract: Introduction: One of the contributors to the post-stroke functional impairment is spasticity. It was estimated that 2/3 rd of patients would develop post-stroke spasticity. The prevalence of spasticity was found to be 40% one year after stroke which leads to functional impairment in activity of daily living. However no study evaluated the effect of lower limb passive cycling movement on spasticity in persons with stroke. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate how post stroke spasticity behaves with lower limb passive cycling movement. Methodology: This was a randomized control trial. Thirty subjects with stroke (n=30) were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (Experimental group: Passive cycling and conventional physical therapy exercises; n=15) and Group B (Control Group: Conventional physical therapy exercise; n=15). Pre test measurement of all dependent variablesspasticity by MMAS (modified modified Ashworth scale), ROM by goniometer and 10 meter walk test were made on recruitment for the study and post test measurement was made after completion of therapy for 4 weeks, (5 days a week). Data analysis: The Dependent variables for spasticity were analysed using Man Whitney U test. Straight leg raising, dorsiflexion range of motion and 10 metre walk test were analysed using a 2x2 ANOVA. All pair wise post -hoc comparisons were analyzed using a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The reduction in spasticity from pre to post was significantly more in experimental group. The study shows that there is statistically significant improvement in dorsiflexion range of motion, SLR as well as improvement in walking function in experimental group but not in control group. Conclusion: Passive cycling was more effective in reducing spasticity of lower limb, improve the range of motion and walking function than those in subjects with conventional exercises in persons with stroke

Bovine Mastitis: Causes and Phytoremedies

Mastitis is a highly frequent chronic ailment with inflammation in the udder of the milking cows. The causative agents are mostly microbes. It is economically prominent contamination of lactating cows resulting in reduced milk production. The disease is diagnosed by chemical, physical and nutritional changes in the milk and pathological changes in the milk glands. Prevention measures for the disease can be taken by proper and timely sanitation of the cowshed through and time again disinfection of the teat, mechanized milking process, etc. The application of bactericidal drugs generates resistant varieties of microbes that cross the allopathic boundary. In this regard, an attempt is taken to focus the plant-based pharmacopoeia. Medicinal plants are traditionally used to cure various diseases as they are comparatively accessible to administer orally in different forms and can be along with fodder. Keeping the above facts in view, the present review deals with different types of mastitis, causative pathogens, detection and diagnosis, and effective plant-based treatment process available to date

Association between unhygienic menstrual management practices and prevalence of lower reproductive tract infections: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Odisha, India.

BACKGROUND: The extent to which reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are associated with poor menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practices has not been extensively studied. We aimed to determine whether poor menstrual hygiene practices were associated with three common infections of the lower reproductive tract; Bacterial vaginosis (BV), Candida, and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). METHODS: Non-pregnant women of reproductive age (18-45 years) and attending one of two hospitals in Odisha, India, between April 2015 and February 2016 were recruited for the study. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on: MHM practices, clinical symptoms for the three infections, and socio-economic and demographic information. Specimens from posterior vaginal fornix were collected using swabs for diagnosis of BV, Candida and TV infection. RESULTS: A total of 558 women were recruited for the study of whom 62.4% were diagnosed with at least one of the three tested infections and 52% presented with one or more RTI symptoms. BV was the most prevalent infection (41%), followed by Candida infection (34%) and TV infection (5.6%). After adjustment for potentially confounding factors, women diagnosed with Candida infection were more likely to use reusable absorbent material (aPRR = 1.54, 95%CI 1.2-2.0) and practice lower frequency of personal washing (aPRR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.07-1.7). Women with BV were more likely to practice personal washing less frequently (aPRR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.0-1.5), change absorbent material outside a toilet facility (aPRR = 1.21, 95%CI 1.0-1.48) whilst a higher frequency of absorbent material changing was protective (aPRR = 0.56, 95%CI 0.4-0.75). No studied factors were found to be associated with TV infection. In addition, among women reusing absorbent material, Candida but not BV or TV - infection was more frequent who dried their pads inside their houses and who stored the cloth hidden in the toilet compartment. CONCLUSION: The results of our study add to growing number of studies which demonstrate a strong and consistent association between poor menstrual hygiene practices and higher prevalence of lower RTIs

Néel Skyrmionic States and Chiral Stripes in the Magnetic Bilayer with Transverse Easy Axis

Chiral spin structures, such as skyrmions, are topologically nontrivial magnetization configurations, which have potential applications in magnetic recording media. In particular, an antiferromagnetically coupled system that hosts skyrmions is of great interest because of high-speed skyrmion motion and reduced skyrmion Hall effect. Here, we consider TbCo/GdFe-based amorphous ferrimagnetic system showing chiral stripe domains and Néel-type skyrmions. It is observed that skyrmionic configurations are stabilized with the help of dipolar interactions that exist in the system. Optimized thicknesses of TbCo (30 nm) and GdFe (6 nm) show isolated skyrmions in both the layers with average skyrmion diameter of 40 ± 5 nm. We have also investigated a phase diagram in a wide range of layer thickness, which represents the presence of the mixture of either vortex, chiral stripes, or/and Néel-type skyrmions. To understand the underlying phenomena which help chiral ferrimagnetism in this kind of amorphous system, we perform layer-resolved micromagnetic modeling. We found variety of chiral textures in a wide thickness range of ferrimagnetic bilayer systems, which may be useful for fundamental understanding of formation of skyrmion and their application in spintronic devices. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature

Quality of life and its determinants among ambulatory diabetic patients attending NCD prevention clinic: A cross sectional study from Eastern India

Introduction: India is experiencing an upward spiral in diabetic population. With the impact of diabetes on physical, social, psychological components of individual's life, a holistic view in terms of Quality of Life (QoL) is being increasingly recognized as an essential component of diabetes care and management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the QoL in ambulatory diabetic patients and factors affecting it in a tertiary care medical institution in eastern India. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 103 adult diabetic ambulatory patients were recruited by systematic random sampling from a Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Clinic of a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India. The QoL of patients were accessed by the validated Odia version of WHO-QoL BREF questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was performed to compare the effect of sociodemographic and clinical parameters on QoL scores. Results: The maximum domain wise score was in social (65.98 ± 13.89) followed by environmental (61.73 ± 16.27) domain. Overall, 64% of the respondents perceived as their QoL as good. Males, urban residents, persons aged less than 60 years and overweight individuals reported a better QoL than their counterparts. Gender and residence were found to be significantly associated with QoL, across domains. Conclusions: QoL assessment is pivotal as an outcome measure in diabetes care and management. Policy makers ought to consider quality adjusted life years while evaluating health outcomes in patients of chronic diseases like diabetes

Effects of magnetic field on resistive switching in multiferroic based Ag / BiFeO 3 / FTO RRAM device

We report the effects of the magnetic field on resistive switching behavior in the Ag / BiFeO 3 / FTO RRAM device through conventional I-V characteristics. The switching of the device from a high resistance state (HRS) to a low resistance state (LRS) at a certain threshold voltage (Vt) evidences a shift under the magnetic influence. The shifting of Vt toward higher voltage is due to the appearance of the Lorentz force and magnetoelectric effect when the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow of current. The resistance of the HRS and LRS increases simultaneously under the application of the magnetic field due to the induced Hall resistance effect. The OFF / O N ratio ∼ 12, which is repeatable for 100 multiple cycles. The discrete RESET state of the device is achieved by pulse-width and pulse-height modulation. Substantially, the resistance of these states increases systematically under the action of the magnetic field. The control of resistance states with the pulse-height and magnetic field in Ag / BiFeO 3 / FTO shows promise for future multilevel non-volatile memory technology. © 2020 Author(s)

Role of film thickness and disorder in tuning perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in GdTb-FeCo alloy films

GdTb-FeCo based quaternary system of various thicknesses (30, 50, 75, 150, and 300 nm) is explored in pursuit of tuneable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Spin reorientation and strong PMA is evident at higher film thickness. A variety of microscopic domains can be referred to as disorder in domains, have been observed. Gd-like and Tb-like contributing domains are observed in various films. A critical thickness is observed at 150 nm, where most of the Tb-sublattices are dominated over the Gd-sublattices. Magnetic parameters do not follow the trend at 150 nm, which could be attributed to a lesser extent of pinning sites impeded to domain wall motions. The experimental finding is complemented with 3D micromagnetic simulations. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd