A TIME-BASED APPROACH FOR SOLVING THE DYNAMIC PATH PROBLEM IN VANETS – AN EXTENSION OF ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION

Over a decade, Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETS) has been evolved and the field of vehicular communication has become a promising area for potential research. The challenges vary from a vehicle to vehicle communication, an indication during the event of a collision, and to enhance the drive and passenger safety. This paper aims at improving the performance of VANETs in terms of capacity, size, topological changes and maintaining the shortest routes. A new scheme termed as Ant Queue Optimization Scheme (AQO) has been introduced by extending the traditional Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The proposed Ant Queue optimization Scheme combines both proactive and reactive mechanisms. Unlike the ACO, the AQO dynamically makes decision in choosing shortest best route in highly congested areas. Route selection is dynamic at each intersection irrespective of the size of the traffic. Encouraging results have been achieved in using the Ant Queue Optimization even at high vehicular density scenarios

CERTAIN CARBARYL INDUCED PROTEIN METABOLIC DISORDERS IN THE SERUM OF FRESHWATER FISH CLARIAS BATRACHUS (LINN.)

A freshwater edible fish. Clarias battrachus (Linn.) was exposed to a sublethal concentration of the pesticide carbaryl, a carbamate for 24. 72, 120 and 168 hours. The alterations and disorders of protein metabolism were studied in the serum. The content of the total proteins, albumins and globulins depleted whereas the levels of Glutamate Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) and Creatine Phosphokinase (CPk) got elevated after exposure indicating impaired protein metabolism due to unintended toxic action of the insecticide

Low Temperature Development of Nano-Hydroxyapatite from Austromegabalanus psittacus, Star fish and Sea urchin

The study focuses the preparation and characterization (physico-chemical and mechanical) of hydroxyapatite Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2)] (HAp) from naturally occurring dead marine species widely available in Arabian sea shore; namely Austromegabalanus psittacus, star fish (Asteroidea) and sea urchin (Echinoidea). All three marine species were found to be source of calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite (calcite) that crystallize in an organic matrix. The calcined aragonite was converted to nano-sized hydroxyapatite powder by chemical reaction with Ortho-phosphoric acid while maintaining stoichiometry, Ca/P = 1.67 at 80 degrees C. It was found from XRD that the powders were composed of pure HAp with average crystallite size of 10 nm. SEM, on the other hand, revealed nano-rod like elongated structures having a length in the range of 100 to 700 nm with an aspect ratio of 3.5. Further, the HAp powders were used to prepare cylindrical pellet samples by uni-axial pressing, sintered at 1100 degrees C temperature, made flat-parallel, polished and used finally for assessment of elastic modulus by compression test method. Primary results showed typical elastic modulus of pellets from Austromegabalanus psittacus is 3 GPa, star fish 2.1 GPa and sea urchin 2.3 GPa (L/D = 1.3 and strain rate = 0.01 mm/s). Thus, the powder synthesized from marine source could be a potential alternative for development of structural bio-ceramics and also can be used as scaffolds for bone or dental implants, because of its easy and economical fabrication. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved