Protein arginine methylation of CRMP and tubulin in mouse cortical neurons

Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification where methyl groups are added to the arginine residues of peptide chains. It is carried out by a group of enzymes known as protein arginine methyltransferases in eukaryotic cells. Protein arginine methylation plays an important role in many cellular functions both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm such as the regulation of signal transduction, RNA export, and cell proliferation. However, the exact role arginine methylation plays in neurons is not yet fully understood. Previously, CRMP-2 was suggested to be asymmetrically di-methylated in mouse primary cortical neurons during Honour study. Therefore, the major aim of this study was to explore the role of arginine methylation of CRMP-2 and its binding partner, tubulin. Another aim was to investigate the enzymes that are involved in the methylation of the identified proteins. The results showed that CRMP-2 and tubulin < and R are asymmetrically dimethylated using immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Mass spectrometry analysis identified two methylated arginine residues in CRMP-2 (R63 and R173) along with one in CRMP-1 (R226) and two methylated arginines in CRMP-3 (R238 and R270) in primary cortical neurons. In addition, two novel methylated arginines in tubulin <(R79 di-methylated and R390 mono-methylated) and six novel arginines in tubulin R(R241 and R390 monomethylated and R62, R156, R276 and R282 di-methylated) in both primary cortical neurons and in the Neuro2a cell line were identified. Inhibition of methylation using the general methylation inhibitor AdOx in primary neurons caused a significant decrease in neurite length without any change in cell body area suggesting that protein arginine methylation is important for neurite outgrowth. Further, the amount of tubulin heterodimers co-immunoprecipitated with CRMP-2 using an anti-CRMP-2 antibody column was decreased after AdOx treatment indicating that CRMP-2/tubulin binding is regulated by protein arginine methylation. The effect of methylation on the cell cycle was studied in the Neuro2a cell line using flow cytometry. Inhibition of methylation by AdOx resulted in a significant increase in the S phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the effect of Taxol, an anticancer drug that binds to tubulin and results in G2 arrest of cells, was increased when methylation was inhibited suggesting that methylation of tubulin interferes with Taxol binding. The novel PRMT1/8 inhibitor (trans-2,3-dimethoxy-s-nitrostyrene) as well as esiRNA were employed as two independent methods to determine whether PRMT 1 and/or PRMT8 are involved in asymmetrically di-methylating tubulin < in Neuro2a cells. Results suggest tubulin < as a possible substrate of PRMT1 and 8 which contributes to the current understanding of microtubule dynamics. In summary, methylated arginine residues in 3 members of the CRMP family of proteins and in tubulin < and R in mouse cortical neurons have been identified and their functional impact was demonstrated. The newly gained insight into the effects of protein arginine methylation of CRMP and tubulin has placed PRMTs to be one of the key regulators of neuronal differentiation and survival and may open new drug targets for the treatment of neuronal diseases and cancer

Evaluation the Pollution of Sediments of the Shatt Al - Hillah with Heavy Metals by Using the Pollution Indices

&nbsp;اهتمت &nbsp;هذه&nbsp; الدراسة بتقييم مستوى&nbsp; تراكيز الملوثات&nbsp; من المعادن الثقيلة التالية (Hg، Pb V، Cr، Co، Ni، As، Rb، Sr، Zr، Mo، Cu، Zn، Th، U)، لرواسب من ضفاف شط الحلة .أجريت الدراسة في قسم علم الأرض في كلية العلوم، جامعة بابل، تم جمع 14 عينة من الرواسب من ضفاف نهر شط الحلة اظهرت نتائج الفحوصات ان&nbsp; متوسط ​​تركيز المعادن الثقيلة في رواسب ضفاف النهر بالترتيب التنازلي: Sr (360.6) السنترونشيوم، Cr (285.9) الكروم، النيكلNi (203.2 ، Co (169.9 &nbsp;الكوبلت Zr (166.3 &nbsp;الزركونيوم، الفناديوم V. (116.4)، Zn (91.6) الخارصين، النحاس Cu (48.8)، Rb (41.9) الروبيديوم، الرصاصPb (18.1)، As الزرنيخ (11.1)، Hg الزئبق (5.7)، الثوريوم Th (4.2 &nbsp;الموليبدنوم o (3.7) ،&nbsp; U &nbsp;اليورانيوم (2 (ملغرام/لتر)، وكان مؤشر التراكم (Igeo) &nbsp;للزئبق لخمس محطات على طول النهر أكبر من 3.0، والذي يشير إلى تلوث الترسبات بدرجة عالية بهذا العنصر. وكان مؤشر التراكم (Igeo) &nbsp;لعنصر النيكل (Ni) في 12 موقعاً ولعنصر الكوبلت في 12 موقعا أكبر من 1.0، يشير إلى مستوى معتدل من التلوث لرسوبيات ضفاف النهر، تراوحت قيمة مؤشر حمل التلوث (PLI) لمحطات أخذ العينات الإجمالية من 0.7 إلى 1.4.&nbsp;The level of pollutant of heavy metals (Hg, Co, &nbsp;Pb V, Cr, Ni, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cu, Rb, &nbsp;Zn, As,Th, U) , in the sediment samples on the banks of the Shatt al-Hillah River The study was conducted in the Department of Earth Science at the College&nbsp; of Science, University of Babylon, 14 samples of sediments &nbsp;ware collected from the banks of the river of Shatt Al-Hillah. The average concentration of the heavy metal in the sediment of the river bank in descending order: Sr (360.6 ppm) ,Cr (285.9 ppm), Ni (203.2 ppm), Co (169.9 ppm), Zr (166.3 ppm),. V (116.4ppm) , Zn (91.6 ppm), Cu (48.8 ppm), Rb (41.9 ppm), Pb (18.1 ppm),As(11.1 ppm), Hg(5.7ppm),Th (4.2 ppm),Mo(3.7 ppm), U(2ppm,. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Hg of five sampling station along the river was greater than 3.0, which indicate contamination of sedimentation with a high degree of pollution. The Igeo for Ni in11 sampling station and CO in 12 sites were greater than 1.0, indicated the moderatly level of polluted sediment. The value of the pollution load index (PLI) for the total sampling stations ranged from 0.7 -1.4. &nbsp

Impact of Angiotensin II Receptor Levels in Serum and Follicular Fluid on ICSI Outcomes in Infertility Cases

Male and female infertility are defined as a medical problems.Childless status syndrome is a condition when a couple has no success in conceiving a child, after 12 months of unprotected sex.In ovary, uterus and placenta, peptide receptors of the renin-angiotensin system are found along with angiotensin.The local function of renin-angiotensin system is observed not only in the ovary, but also in there.IVF experts put Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) into the use of treating male-factor infertility of a severe degree.One sperm is brought into the mature cell by ICSI which is a way of injecting it directly.This study looks on the levels of the receptors of blood and follicular fluid Angiotensin II and investigates their influence on ICSI, which is one of the infertility treatments options.Designed the cross-sectional research, which involved 90 infertile women who had undergone the intra cytoplasmic sperm injection.The participants were divided by BMI into three groups: the normal range of BMI is 18.5-24.9, overweight falls within the range of 25-29.9, and obesity is defined as BMI of 30-34.9. An ELISA test in the private laboratories was carried out to measure angiotensin receptors in blood and follicular fluid on the day of oocyteBMI of the usually weighted women, the women were overweight and with obesity had significantly diverse mean BMIs.The age, time of infertility, and the type of infertility there was no substantial difference found between groups.The hormone levels were found not to be that different in reproductive-aged and obese-normal weight infertile girls as well as obese women.The study studies demonstrated that higher follicular fluid angiotensin II receptor concentrations were related well with intracytoplasmic sperm injection measures.This study has indeed revealed that all the IVF-ET patients involved in the research did have the angiotensin II receptors 1 in their blood and the follicular fluid.The follicular fluid turns out to have increased levels of receptors rather than the serum.Aetgenin Il receptors 1 blood and follicular fluids levels are in no way connected.The angeliotensin II recept1 (AT1/serum angiotensin II) levels in serum were not correlated to follicles.It is possible that high follicular angiotensin II receptor 1 fluid levels lead to conception, which may explain why the patient is now expecting a baby.There was a definite relationship happening in levels of Angiotensin II Receptor 1 and pregnancy

Laser-induced surface modifications for optical applications

Surface treatments by applying laser processing have gained a significant attention due to the achievable surface properties along with the selectivity that cannot be realized with other methods. The focus of this research is on investigating and developing laser-based treatment methods, i.e. laser-induced surface oxidation, laser-induced oxygen reduction, and laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), to address the requirements of specific applications in optics, aesthetics, and anti-counterfeiting, e.g. colour marking and the fabrication of optical devices and diffraction holograms. A single spot oxidation method is proposed to control the size of the oxidation area and its thickness on titanium substrates. A pixel resolution down to the beam spot size with high special control is achieved. To produce diffraction optical devices on glass substrates a direct writing another method is proposed. Especially, the method is implemented and validated for fabricating two-level phase-type FZPs with a nanosecond laser by converting a titanium film on glass substrates into titanium dioxide patterns with a thickness controlled at nano scale. The flexibility and applicability of laser-induced oxidation is extended with a method for erasing colour marks selectively by employing a laser-induced oxygen reduction. Finally, a method for producing LIPSS patterns with varying orientations is developed and then validated for fabricating diffraction gratings on metallic surface

Evaluation the Pollution of Sediments of the Shatt Al-Hillah with Heavy Metals by Using the Pollution Indices

اهتمت&nbsp; هذه&nbsp; الدراسة بتقييم مستوى&nbsp; تراكيز الملوثات&nbsp; من المعادن الثقيلة التالية&nbsp; (Hg، Pb V، Cr، Co، Ni، As، Rb، Sr، Zr، Mo، Cu، Zn، Th، U)، لرواسب من ضفاف شط الحلة .أجريت الدراسة في قسم علم الأرض في كلية العلوم ، جامعة بابل ، تم جمع 14 عينة من الرواسب من ضفاف نهر شط الحلة اظهرت نتائج الفحوصات ان&nbsp; متوسط ​​تركيز المعادن الثقيلة في رواسب ضفاف النهر بالترتيب التنازلي: Sr (360.6) السنترونشيوم &nbsp;، Cr (285.9) &nbsp;الكروم،&nbsp; النيكلNi (203.2 ، Co (169.9 &nbsp;الكوبلت Zr (166.3 &nbsp;الزركونيوم ،&nbsp; الفناديوم V. (116.4)، Zn (91.6) الخارصين ،&nbsp; النحاس Cu (48.8)، Rb (41.9) الروبيديوم ،&nbsp; الرصاص Pb (18.1)،&nbsp; As الزرنيخ &nbsp;(11.1)، Hg الزئبق &nbsp;(5.7)،&nbsp; الثوريوم Th (4.2 &nbsp;الموليبدنوم Mo (3.7) ،&nbsp; U &nbsp;اليورانيوم (2 (ملغرام/لتر) ، وكان مؤشر التراكم&nbsp; (Igeo) للزئبق لخمس محطات على طول النهر أكبر من 3.0 ، والذي يشير إلى تلوث الترسبات بدرجة عالية بهذا العنصر .&nbsp; وكان مؤشر التراكم&nbsp; (Igeo) &nbsp;لعنصر النيكل (Ni) في&nbsp; 12 موقعاً&nbsp; ولعنصر الكوبلت في 12 موقعا أكبر من 1.0 ، يشير إلى مستوى معتدل من التلوث لرسوبيات ضفاف النهر&nbsp; ، تراوحت قيمة مؤشر حمل التلوث (PLI) لمحطات أخذ العينات الإجمالية من 0.7 إلى 1.4.The level of pollutant of heavy metals (Hg, Co, &nbsp;Pb V, Cr, Ni, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cu, Rb, &nbsp;Zn, As,Th, U) , in the sediment samples on the banks of the Shatt al-Hillah River The study was conducted in the Department of Earth Science at the collge&nbsp; of Science, University of Babylon, 14 samples of sediments &nbsp;ware collected from the banks of the river of Shatt Al-Hillah. The average concentration of the heavy metal &nbsp;in the sediment of the river bank &nbsp;in descending order: Sr (360.6 ppm) ,Cr (285.9 ppm ), Ni (203.2 ppm), Co (169.9 ppm), Zr (166.3 ppm),. V (116.4ppm) , Zn (91.6 ppm), Cu (48.8 ppm ), Rb (41.9 ppm ), Pb (18.1 ppm), As(11.1 ppm), Hg(5.7ppm),Th (4.2 ppm),Mo(3.7 ppm), U(2ppm,. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for H

Acute and chronic pathological effects with biochemical alteration of thyroid gland induced by NaF in Wistar rats

Thirty Wistar albino rats of both sex, 1-1.25 months old (average body weight 250 – 300gm) were used. Animals were randomly divided into three groups. 1st group (acute group) n=10 given 0.5 ml. contain 500 mg/kg/body weight NaF, as single toxic dose via stomach tube. 2nd group (chronic group) n=10 given 0.5 ml. contain 150 mg/kg/body weight NaF via stomach tube daily for 60 days. 3rd group (control group) n=10 given 0.5 ml. physiological saline via a stomach tube. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, and then sacrificed after 3 and 7 days in 1st group, and 30 and 60 days in the 2nd group, then post-mortem examination was done, and any gross lesions were reported. Blood collected was done for biochemical examination (T3, T4, and TSH.) using special biochemical kits. Pieces of thyroid were taken, fixed in 10% formalin for 72 hours, and then all the specimens were processed and the histopathological changes were observed under a light microscope. The pathological results showed hemorrhage appear in the capsular region of the thyroid gland with vacuolation in the cytoplasm of a cell of a colloid with neutrophils infiltration in the lumen, as well as edema with fume cytoplasm and marked vacuolation of the cytoplasm of a colloid cell, also granulomatous lesion seated in gland parenchyma. That causes alteration of biochemical test T3, T4, and TSH in acute and chronic toxic doses

Investigation of Wave Forces on Fixed Monopile Foundation of Offshore Wind Turbine

ان حساب احمال التصميم المؤثره على هياكل التوربينات البحريه هي عمليه معقده. لذلك تم كتابه هذه الورقه البحثيه للدراسه والتحقق من تاثير الظروف البيئيه وبلخصوص موجات المياه على الاحمال الهيدروديناميكيه المؤثره على قواعد الهياكل البحريه الثابته. لهذا الغرض تم اختيار قاعده اسطوانيه الشكل لتوربين هوائي ذو قدره (5 ميغا وات) مصمم من قبل المختبر الوطني للطاقه المتجدده في الولايات المتحده الامريكيه من اجل اجراء التجربه وحساب الاحمال الهيدروديناميكيه. تم اختبار هذه القاعده على عمق (25 متر). ابعاد الاسطوانه وعمق المياه بلاضافه لخواص موجات المياه تم تحويلها من الابعاد الحقيقيه الى الابعاد النموذجيه عن طريق علاقات فرود مع نسبه قياس (1:100). الموجات التي تم اختبارها هي موجات منتظمه وغير منكسره وذات بعدين فقط. بلنسبه للجانب النظري من هذه التجربه فان معادله موريسون لحاله عدم الحيود تعتبر اختيار مناسب لحساب الاحمال المؤثره على القاعده البحريه. تم برمجه هذه المعادله بواسطه لغه (C ++). هذه المعادله تتكون من جزئين: الجزء الاول يمثل قوة القصور الذاتي المرتبطه بتعجيل جزيء الموجه اما الجزء الثاني فهو قوه الاعاقه المرتبطه بسرعه جزيء الموجه. ( , ) هي معاملات خاصه بمعادله موريسون لكل من قوة القصور الذاتي وقوة الاعاقه على التوالي. هذه المعاملات يتم حسابها بطرق مختلفه بناءا على تجارب عمليه لكن القيم التي تم اعتمادها في هذه التجربه ماخوذه من مخططات خاصه بمعهد البترول الامريكي. من اجل حساب سرعه جزيء الموجه وكذلك التعجيل فان نظريه الموجه الخطيه الموضوعه من قبل العالم ايري تعتبر مناسبه للموجات المنتظمه وذات الارتفاعات القليله. من الناحيه العدديه فان محاكاة الامواج وكذلك حساب القوى تم باستخدام برنامج الانسزز وتحديدا خيار الاكوا نسخه (2019). من خلال النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها نستنتج ان قوة الامواج ترتبط بصوره مباشره بارتفاع وتردد الامواج حيث انها تزداد او تقل بازدياد احدهما او كليهما.The calculation of design loads on offshore wind turbine structures is a complex process. So, this thesis is performed to study and investigate the influence of environmental conditions on hydrodynamic loading acting on foundations of fixed offshore wind turbine. For this purpose, (5-MW) NREL monopile foundation was chosen. The foundation of wind turbine was tested at the intermediate water region with water depth (25m). The dimensions of the foundation and water depth beside wave properties were modelling by using Froude relationships with scale ratio (1:100). Two-dimensional (regular) and non-breaking waves were tested. Morison equation for non-diffracting case was used and programmed by using (C++) language to compute the wave forces. This equation delivers the sum of drag and inertia force. Inertia force is proportional to acceleration wave particle while the drag force is related with the velocity particle. The two coefficients of equation ( , ), inertia and drag respectively are estimated according to Det Norske Veritas (DNV) standard. A classical linearized wave theory has been developed by Airy based in this paper, this theory has been used to estimate the kinematics properties (velocities and accelerations) of the wave particles. Numerically, the wave will simulate by using (AQWA) solver in (ANSYS-19.0) workbench. It was shown that the wave forces is related with the height and frequency of wave, it is increase when one or both of wave height and wave frequency increase

Comparative NO2 Sensing Characteristics of SnO2:WO3 Thin Film Against Bulk and Investigation of Optical Properties of the Thin Film

A comparative investigation of gas sensing properties of SnO2 doped with WO3 based on thin film and bulk forms was achieved. Thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation technique on glass substrates. Bulk sensors in the shape of pellets were prepared by pressing SnO2:WO3 powder. The polycrystalline nature of the obtained films with tetragonal structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The calculated crystalline size was 52.43 nm. Thickness of the prepared films was found 134 nm. The optical characteristics of the thin films were studied by using UV-VIS Spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 200 nm to 1100 nm, the energy band gap, extinction coefficient and refractive index of the thin film were 2.5 eV , 0.024 and 2.51, respectively. Hall measurements confirmed that the films are n-type. The NO2 sensing characteristics of the SnO2:WO3 sensors were studied with various temperatures and NO2 gas concentrations. Both thin film and bulk sensors showed maximum sensitivity at temperature of 250 oC. Thin film sensors showed enhanced response in comparison to that of pellets

Emisija kratkovalnog zračenja tijekom udara iona o čvrstu površinu

The possibility of short-wave photon emission during surface scattering of positive ions is investigated by selection of the type of charge-exchange process (one- or two-electron processes), through the calculation of the neutralization probabilities and the charge-transfer cross sections. These probabilities are calculated statically as a function of distance between the incident ion and the surface, and dynamically as a function of the ion velocity. The model is applied to real systems such as He+/semiconductor (silicon and germanium), taking into account the difference in the physical constants of the two systems. We found that emitted photons have short wavelengths, lying in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum of the helium emission spectrum.Istražujemo mogućnost emisije kratkovalnih fotona tijekom udara iona o čvrstu površinu odabirom procesa izmjene naboja (jedno i dvoelektronski procesi) i računanjem vjerojatnosti neutralizacije i udarnog presjeka za prijenos naboja. Te vjerojatnosti računamo statički kao funkcije udaljenosti upadnog iona i površine, i dinamički kao funkcije brzine iona. Model primjenjujemo stvarnim sustavima kao što su poluvodiči silicij i germanij, uzimajući u obzir razlike fizičkih svojstava dvaju sustava. Nalazimo da fotoni imaju kratke valne duljine, u području elektromagnetskog spektra helija