Final State Interactions Effects in Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions

Final State Interactions effects are discussed in the context of Monte Carlo simulations of neutrino-nucleus interactions. A role of Formation Time is explained and several models describing this effect are compared. Various observables which are sensitive to FSI effects are reviewed including pion-nucleus interaction and hadron yields in backward hemisphere. NuWro Monte Carlo neutrino event generator is described and its ability to understand neutral current $\pi^0$ production data in $\sim 1$ GeV neutrino flux experiments is demonstrated.Comment: 13 pages, 16 figure

Classification of Low Dimensional Lie Super-Bialgebras

A thorough analysis of Lie super-bialgebra structures on Lie super-algebras osp(1|2) and super-e(2) is presented. Combined technique of computer algebraic computations and a subsequent identification of equivalent structures is applied. In all the cases Poisson-Lie brackets on supergroups are found. Possibility of quantizing them in order to obtain quantum groups is discussed. It turns out to be straightforward for all but one structures for super-E(2) group.Comment: 15 pages, LaTe

Transverse Enhancement Model and MiniBooNE Charge Current Quasi-Elastic Neutrino Scattering Data

Recently proposed Transverse Enhancement Model of nuclear effects in Charge Current Quasi-Elastic neutrino scattering [A. Bodek, H. S. Budd, and M. E. Christy, Eur. Phys. J. C{\bf 71} (2011) 1726] is confronted with the MiniBooNE high statistics experimental data. It is shown that the {\it effective} large axial mass model leads to better agreement with the data.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

Comparison of predictions for nuclear effects in the Marteau model with the NUX+FLUKA scheme

Nuclear effects in neutrino-nucleus reactions simulated by means of the NUX+FLUKA Monte Carlo generator are compared with the theoretical predictions of the Marteau model. Pion absorption in NUX+FLUKA and non-pionic Delta decays in the Marteau model differ by about 30%. The fraction of pions produced due to the re-interactions after primary quasi-elastic vertex is in the NUX+FLUKA scheme much higher then provided by the Marteau model.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, Presented by J.A. Nowak at the 3rd International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region, 17-21 March, Gran Sasso(Italy),to appear in the Proceeding

Wroclaw neutrino event generator

A neutrino event generator developed by the Wroclaw Neutrino Group is described. The physical models included in the generator are discussed and illustrated with the results of simulations. The considered processes are quasi-elastic scattering and pion production modelled by combining the $\Delta$ resonance excitation and deep inelastic scattering.Comment: Talk given at 2nd Scandanavian Neutrino Workshop (SNOW 2006), Stockholm, Sweden, 2-6 May 2006. 3 pages, 6 figure

C5AC_5^A axial form factor from bubble chamber experiments

A careful reanalysis of both Argonne National Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory data for weak single pion production is done. We consider deuteron nuclear effects and normalization (flux) uncertainties in both experiments. We demonstrate that these two sets of data are in good agreement. For the dipole parametrization of $C_5^A(Q^2)$, we obtain $C_5^A(0)=1.19\pm 0.08$, $M_A=0.94\pm 0.03$ GeV. As an application we present the discussion of the uncertainty of the neutral current 1$\pi^0$ production cross section, important for the T2K neutrino oscillation experiment.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 2 table

Moderate hypothermia within 6 h of birth plus inhaled xenon versus moderate hypothermia alone after birth asphyxia (TOBY-Xe): a proof-of-concept, open-label, randomised controlled trial

Background Moderate cooling after birth asphyxia is associated with substantial reductions in death and disability, but additional therapies might provide further benefit. We assessed whether the addition of xenon gas, a promising novel therapy, after the initiation of hypothermia for birth asphyxia would result in further improvement. Methods Total Body hypothermia plus Xenon (TOBY-Xe) was a proof-of-concept, randomised, open-label, parallel-group trial done at four intensive-care neonatal units in the UK. Eligible infants were 36–43 weeks of gestational age, had signs of moderate to severe encephalopathy and moderately or severely abnormal background activity for at least 30 min or seizures as shown by amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG), and had one of the following: Apgar score of 5 or less 10 min after birth, continued need for resuscitation 10 min after birth, or acidosis within 1 h of birth. Participants were allocated in a 1:1 ratio by use of a secure web-based computer-generated randomisation sequence within 12 h of birth to cooling to a rectal temperature of 33·5°C for 72 h (standard treatment) or to cooling in combination with 30% inhaled xenon for 24 h started immediately after randomisation. The primary outcomes were reduction in lactate to N-acetyl aspartate ratio in the thalamus and in preserved fractional anisotropy in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI, respectively, within 15 days of birth. The investigator assessing these outcomes was masked to allocation. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00934700, and with ISRCTN, as ISRCTN08886155. Findings The study was done from Jan 31, 2012, to Sept 30, 2014. We enrolled 92 infants, 46 of whom were randomly assigned to cooling only and 46 to xenon plus cooling. 37 infants in the cooling only group and 41 in the cooling plus xenon group underwent magnetic resonance assessments and were included in the analysis of the primary outcomes. We noted no significant differences in lactate to N-acetyl aspartate ratio in the thalamus (geometric mean ratio 1·09, 95% CI 0·90 to 1·32) or fractional anisotropy (mean difference −0·01, 95% CI −0·03 to 0·02) in the posterior limb of the internal capsule between the two groups. Nine infants died in the cooling group and 11 in the xenon group. Two adverse events were reported in the xenon group: subcutaneous fat necrosis and transient desaturation during the MRI. No serious adverse events were recorded. Interpretation Administration of xenon within the delayed timeframe used in this trial is feasible and apparently safe, but is unlikely to enhance the neuroprotective effect of cooling after birth asphyxia

E-Freeze - a randomised controlled trial evaluating the clinical and cost effectiveness of a policy of freezing embryos followed by thawed frozen embryo transfer compared with a policy of fresh embryo transfer, in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation : a statistical analysis plan

The E-Freeze Collaborators Group contributed to the overall design of the E-Freeze trial. We would like to thank the Data Monitoring Committee, particularly Professor Elizabeth Allen, and Charles Opondo for their helpful comments and guidance on the statistical analysis plan.Peer reviewe

Prophylactic antibiotics in the prevention of infection after operative vaginal delivery (ANODE): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for maternal infection are clearly recognised, including caesarean section and operative vaginal birth. Antibiotic prophylaxis at caesarean section is widely recommended because there is clear systematic review evidence that it reduces incidence of maternal infection. Current WHO guidelines do not recommend routine antibiotic prophylaxis for women undergoing operative vaginal birth because of insufficient evidence of effectiveness. We aimed to investigate whether antibiotic prophylaxis prevented maternal infection after operative vaginal birth. METHODS: In a blinded, randomised controlled trial done at 27 UK obstetric units, women (aged ≥16 years) were allocated to receive a single dose of intravenous amoxicillin and clavulanic acid or placebo (saline) following operative vaginal birth at 36 weeks gestation or later. The primary outcome was confirmed or suspected maternal infection within 6 weeks of delivery defined by a new prescription of antibiotics for specific indications, confirmed systemic infection on culture, or endometritis. We did an intention-to-treat analysis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number 11166984, and is closed to accrual. FINDINGS: Between March 13, 2016, and June 13, 2018, 3427 women were randomly assigned to treatment: 1719 to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, and 1708 to placebo. Seven women withdrew, leaving 1715 in the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid group and 1705 in the placebo groups. Primary outcome data were missing for 195 (6%) women. Significantly fewer women allocated to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid had a confirmed or suspected infection (180 [11%] of 1619) than women allocated to placebo (306 [19%] of 1606; risk ratio 0·58, 95% CI 0·49-0·69; p<0·0001). One woman in the placebo group reported a skin rash and two women in the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid reported other allergic reactions, one of which was reported as a serious adverse event. Two other serious adverse events were reported, neither was considered causally related to the treatment. INTERPRETATION: This trial shows benefit of a single dose of prophylactic antibiotic after operative vaginal birth and guidance from WHO and other national organisations should be changed to reflect this. FUNDING: NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme