3 research outputs found
Changes in Physical Stability of Supercooled Etoricoxib after Compression
In the case of formulations with
amorphous active pharmaceutical
ingredients the risk of pressure-induced recrystallization should
be carefully considered. We reported here that supercooled etoricoxib
(ETB), which was found as a relatively stable system with low crystallization
tendency at atmospheric pressure, crystallized quickly after compression.
The observed strong pressure-dependence of the induction period suggests
that during compression the first step of crystallization that is
nucleation may be accelerated. To overcome the experimental challenge
associated with studies at elevated temperatures and high pressures
we applied broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Dielectric measurements
gave us detailed insight into crystallization kinetics of ETB at varying
(<i>T</i>, <i>p</i>) conditions corresponding
to the supercooled liquid state of a drug. We found that pressure-induced
recrystallization of supercooled ETB, constituting a serious impediment
from a technological point of view, can be efficiently inhibited when
amorphous solid dispersion containing ETB and polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone
PVP (10% w/w) was prepared. Besides, we performed the comprehensive
analysis of molecular dynamics of both systems at elevated pressure
to address some fundamental issues related to the pressure sensitivity
of their supercooled dynamics
Molecular Dynamics, Recrystallization Behavior, and Water Solubility of the Amorphous Anticancer Agent Bicalutamide and Its Polyvinylpyrrolidone Mixtures
In this paper, we investigated the
molecular mobility and physical
stability of amorphous bicalutamide, a poorly water-soluble drug widely
used in prostate cancer treatment. Our broadband dielectric spectroscopy
measurements and differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed
that amorphous BIC is a moderately fragile material with a strong
tendency to recrystallize from the amorphous state. However, mixing
the drug with polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone results in a substantial
improvement of physical stability attributed to the antiplasticizing
effect governed by the polymer additive. Furthermore, IR study demonstrated
the existence of specific interactions between the drug and excipient.
We found out that preparation of bicalutamide–polyvinylpyrrolidone
mixture in a 2–1 weight ratio completely hinder material recrystallization.
Moreover, we determined the time-scale of structural relaxation in
the glassy state for investigated materials. Because molecular mobility
is considered an important factor governing crystallization behavior,
such information was used to approximate the long-term physical stability
of an amorphous drug and drug–polymer systems upon their storage
at room temperature. Moreover, we found that such systems have distinctly
higher water solubility and dissolution rate in comparison to the
pure amorphous form, indicating the genuine formulation potential
of the proposed approach
Revealing the Charge Transport Mechanism in Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Insight from High Pressure Conductivity Studies
Polymerized ionic liquids (polyILs),
composed mostly of organic
ions covalently bonded to the polymer backbone and free counterions,
are considered as ideal electrolytes for various electrochemical devices,
including fuel cells, supercapacitors, and batteries. Despite large
structural diversity of these systems, all of them reveal a universal
but poorly understood feature: a charge transport faster than the
segmental dynamics. To address this issue, we studied three novel
polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells as well as four single-ion
conductors, including highly conductive siloxane-based polyIL. Our
ambient and high pressure studies revealed fundamental differences
in the conducting properties of the examined systems. We demonstrate
that the proposed methodology is a powerful tool to identify the charge
transport mechanism in polyILs in general and thereby contribute to
unraveling the microscopic nature of the decoupling phenomenon in
these materials