5,153 research outputs found
The nature of power corrections in large approximation
We investigate the nature of power corrections and infrared renormalon
singularities in large approximation. We argue that the power
correction associated with a renormalon pole singularity should appear at O(1),
in contrast to the renormalon ambiguity appearing at , and give
an explanation why the leading order renormalon singularities are generically
poles.Comment: 6 page
Effective Exchange Rate Classifications and Growth
We propose an econometric procedure for obtaining de facto exchange rate regime classifications which we apply to study the relationship between exchange rate regimes and economic growth. Our classification method models the de jure regimes as outcomes of a multinomial logit choice problem conditional on the volatility of a country's effective exchange rate, a bilateral exchange rate and international reserves. An `effective' de facto exchange rate regime classification is then obtained by assigning country-year observations to the regime with the highest predictive probability obtained from the estimation problem. An econometric investigation into the relationship between exchange rate regimes and GDP growth finds that growth is higher under stable currency-value regimes. Significant asymmetric effects on country growth from not doing what is said are found for nonindustrialized countries. Countries that exhibit `fear of floating' experience significantly higher growth.
The Effect of Interactions on the Conductance of Graphene Nanoribbons
We study the effects of the interaction between electrons and holes on the
conductance G of quasi-one-dimensional graphene systems.
We first consider as a benchmark the limit in which all interactions are
negligible, recovering the predictions of the tight-binding approximation for
the spectrum of the system, and the well-known result G=4 e^2/h for the lowest
conductance quantum. Then we consider an exactly solvable field theoretical
model in which the electro-magnetic interactions are effectively local.
Finally, we use the effective field theory formalism to develop an exactly
solvable model in which we also include the effect of non-local interactions.
We find that such interactions turn the nominally metallic armchair graphene
nanoribbon into a semi-conductor, while the short-range interactions lead to a
correction to the G=4 e^2/h formula.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Effect of age on the prognostic value of left ventricular function in patients with acute coronary syndrome:a prospective registry study
Objective: This study aims to study the prognostic impact of LV function on mortality and examine the effect of age on the prognostic value of left ventricular function. Methods: We examined the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) registry (2006-2010) data with a mean follow up of 2.1 years. LV function was categorized into good (ejection fraction (EF) ≥50%), moderate (EF 30-49%) and poor (EF <30%) categories. Cox-proportional hazards models were constructed to examine the prognostic significance of LV function in different age groups (<65, 65-74, 75-84 and ≥85 years) on all-cause mortality adjusting for baseline variables. Results: Of 424,848 patients, LV function data available for 123,609. Multiple imputations were used to impute missing values of LV function and the final sample for analyses were drawn from 414,305. After controlling for confounders, 339,887 participants were included in the regression models. For any age group, mortality was higher with worsening degree of LV impairment. Increased age reduced the adverse prognosis associated with reduced LV function (hazard ratios (HRs) of death comparing poor LV function to good LV function were 2.11 95%CI 1.88-2.37 for age <65 years and 1.28 95%CI 1.20-1.36 for age ≥85 years. Older patients had a high mortality risk even in those with good LV function. HRs of mortality for ≥85 compared to <65 years (HR=1.00) within good, moderate and poor ejection fractions groups were 5.89, 4.86 and 3.43, respectively. Conclusions: In patients with ACS, clinicians should interpret the prognostic value of LV function taking into account patient’s age
Non-saturating large magnetoresistance in semimetals
The rapidly expanding class of quantum materials known as {\emph{topological
semimetals}} (TSM) display unique transport properties, including a striking
dependence of resistivity on applied magnetic field, that are of great interest
for both scientific and technological reasons. However, experimental signatures
that can identify or discern the dominant mechanism and connect to available
theories are scarce. Here we present the magnetic susceptibility (), the
tangent of the Hall angle () along with magnetoresistance in four
different non-magnetic semimetals with high mobilities, NbP, TaP, NbSb and
TaSb, all of which exhibit non-saturating large MR. We find that the
distinctly different temperature dependences, and the values of
in phosphides and antimonates serve as empirical criteria to
sort the MR from different origins: NbP and TaP being uncompensated semimetals
with linear dispersion, in which the non-saturating magnetoresistance arises
due to guiding center motion, while NbSb and TaSb being {\it
compensated} semimetals, with a magnetoresistance emerging from nearly perfect
charge compensation of two quadratic bands. Our results illustrate how a
combination of magnetotransport and susceptibility measurements may be used to
categorize the increasingly ubiquitous non-saturating large magnetoresistance
in TSMs.Comment: Accepted for publication at Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., minor revisions,
6 figure
A newborn embodied Turing test for view-invariant object recognition
Recent progress in artificial intelligence has renewed interest in building
machines that learn like animals. Almost all of the work comparing learning
across biological and artificial systems comes from studies where animals and
machines received different training data, obscuring whether differences
between animals and machines emerged from differences in learning mechanisms
versus training data. We present an experimental approach-a "newborn embodied
Turing Test"-that allows newborn animals and machines to be raised in the same
environments and tested with the same tasks, permitting direct comparison of
their learning abilities. To make this platform, we first collected
controlled-rearing data from newborn chicks, then performed "digital twin"
experiments in which machines were raised in virtual environments that mimicked
the rearing conditions of the chicks. We found that (1) machines (deep
reinforcement learning agents with intrinsic motivation) can spontaneously
develop visually guided preference behavior, akin to imprinting in newborn
chicks, and (2) machines are still far from newborn-level performance on object
recognition tasks. Almost all of the chicks developed view-invariant object
recognition, whereas the machines tended to develop view-dependent recognition.
The learning outcomes were also far more constrained in the chicks versus
machines. Ultimately, we anticipate that this approach will help researchers
develop embodied AI systems that learn like newborn animals.Comment: 7 Pages. 4 figures, 1 table. This paper was accepted to the CogSci
2023 Conference. (https://cognitivesciencesociety.org/
Correlation between microstructure and magnetotransport in organic semiconductor spin valve structures
We have studied magnetotransport in organic-inorganic hybrid multilayer
junctions. In these devices, the organic semiconductor (OSC) Alq
(tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum) formed a spacer layer between ferromagnetic
(FM) Co and Fe layers. The thickness of the Alq layer was in the range of
50-150 nm. Positive magnetoresistance (MR) was observed at 4.2 K in a current
perpendicular to plane geometry, and these effects persisted up to room
temperature. The devices' microstructure was studied by X-ray reflectometry,
Auger electron spectroscopy and polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR). The
films show well-defined layers with modest average chemical roughness (3-5 nm)
at the interface between the Alq and the surrounding FM layers.
Reflectometry shows that larger MR effects are associated with smaller
FM/Alq interface width (both chemical and magnetic) and a magnetically dead
layer at the Alq/Fe interface. The PNR data also show that the Co layer,
which was deposited on top of the Alq, adopts a multi-domain magnetic
structure at low field and a perfect anti-parallel state is not obtained. The
origins of the observed MR are discussed and attributed to spin coherent
transport. A lower bound for the spin diffusion length in Alq was estimated
as nm at 80 K. However, the subtle correlations between
microstructure and magnetotransport indicate the importance of interfacial
effects in these systems.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures and 2 table
Path integral evaluation of the one-loop effective potential in field theory of diffusion-limited reactions
The well-established effective action and effective potential framework from
the quantum field theory domain is adapted and successfully applied to
classical field theories of the Doi and Peliti type for diffusion controlled
reactions. Through a number of benchmark examples, we show that the direct
calculation of the effective potential in fixed space dimension to
one-loop order reduces to a small set of simple elementary functions,
irrespective of the microscopic details of the specific model. Thus the
technique, which allows one to obtain with little additional effort, the
potentials for a wide variety of different models, represents an important
alternative to the standard model dependent diagram-based calculations. The
renormalized effective potential, effective equations of motion and the
associated renormalization group equations are computed in spatial
dimensions for a number of single species field theories of increasing
complexity.Comment: Plain LaTEX2e, 32 pages and three figures. Submitted to Journal of
Statistical Physic
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