A newly described call and mechanical noise produced by the Black-and-crimson Pitta Pitta ussheri

Volume: 29Start Page: 160End Page: 16

Data from: Loss of cultural song diversity and the convergence of songs in a declining Hawaiian forest bird community

The effects of population decline on culturally transmitted behaviors in animals has rarely been described, but may have major implications to population viability. Learned vocal signals in birds are of critical importance to behaviors associated with reproduction, intrasexual interactions, and group cohesion, and the complexity of vocal signals such as song can serve as an honest signal of an individual’s quality as well as the viability of a population. In this study, we examined how rapid population declines recently experienced by Hawaiian honeycreepers on the island of Kaua‘i (USA) may have influenced the diversity, complexity, and similarity of learned honeycreeper songs. We analyzed the acoustic characteristics of songs recorded during 3 time periods over a 40-year time frame for three species of declining Kaua‘i honeycreepers. We detected a loss of song complexity and diversity over the 40-year time period that paralleled dramatic population declines. Concurrent with the loss of complexity we also found that the acoustic characteristics of the three honeycreepers’ songs became more similar to another. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of convergence of acoustic characteristics among rapidly declining species. The reduction of song complexity and diversity and convergence of songs not only signals a loss of culturally transmitted behaviors in these endemic Hawaiian honeycreepers, but also potential challenges to recovery of these rapidly declining species. Moreover, the present study highlights that there is a “hidden” cost to declining populations beyond just the loss of individuals that is not often considered, the loss of culturally transmitted social behaviors

Acoustic Characteristics of Three Kauai Honeycreepers

Data frame that contains 11 acoustic characteristics measured from songs of ‘akeke‘e (AKEK) (Loxops cauruleirostris), ‘anianiau (ANIA) (Hemignathus parvus), and Kaua‘i ‘amakihi (KAAH) (Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri). The characteristics include: 1) song length (total length of song from beginning to end, in seconds), 2) total number of syllables, 3) number of unique syllable types, 4) trill rate (total syllables/song length), 5) average number of notes per syllable, 6) average number of frequency changes (directional change, either ascending or descending) within a syllable, 7) number of frequency changes between syllables within the song, 8) peak frequency (dominant frequency, level at which the most energy is expelled within the song, in Hz), and 9) low (kHz) and 10) high (kHz) frequencies at which the amplitude exceeded -24dB relative to the peak frequency, and 11) frequency bandwidth (kHz) as the difference between high and low frequency. Songs were collected 1976-1978 (1970s), 2001-2004 (early 2000s), 2010-2017 (present day). Record ID corresponds to the identification number given to each sound file archived at The Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology

Fluid management with a simplified conservative protocol for the acute respiratory distress syndrome*.

ObjectivesIn the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT) of the National Institutes of Health Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, a conservative fluid protocol (FACTT Conservative) resulted in a lower cumulative fluid balance and better outcomes than a liberal fluid protocol (FACTT Liberal). Subsequent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network studies used a simplified conservative fluid protocol (FACTT Lite). The objective of this study was to compare the performance of FACTT Lite, FACTT Conservative, and FACTT Liberal protocols.DesignRetrospective comparison of FACTT Lite, FACTT Conservative, and FACTT Liberal. Primary outcome was cumulative fluid balance over 7 days. Secondary outcomes were 60-day adjusted mortality and ventilator-free days through day 28. Safety outcomes were prevalence of acute kidney injury and new shock.SettingICUs of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network participating hospitals.PatientsFive hundred three subjects managed with FACTT Conservative, 497 subjects managed with FACTT Liberal, and 1,124 subjects managed with FACTT Lite.InterventionsFluid management by protocol.Measurements and main resultsCumulative fluid balance was 1,918 ± 323 mL in FACTT Lite, -136 ± 491 mL in FACTT Conservative, and 6,992 ± 502 mL in FACTT Liberal (p < 0.001). Mortality was not different between groups (24% in FACTT Lite, 25% in FACTT Conservative and Liberal, p = 0.84). Ventilator-free days in FACTT Lite (14.9 ± 0.3) were equivalent to FACTT Conservative (14.6 ± 0.5) (p = 0.61) and greater than in FACTT Liberal (12.1 ± 0.5, p < 0.001 vs Lite). Acute kidney injury prevalence was 58% in FACTT Lite and 57% in FACTT Conservative (p = 0.72). Prevalence of new shock in FACTT Lite (9%) was lower than in FACTT Conservative (13%) (p = 0.007 vs Lite) and similar to FACTT Liberal (11%) (p = 0.18 vs Lite).ConclusionsFACTT Lite had a greater cumulative fluid balance than FACTT Conservative but had equivalent clinical and safety outcomes. FACTT Lite is an alternative to FACTT Conservative for fluid management in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Fluid management with a simplified conservative protocol for the acute respiratory distress syndrome*.

ObjectivesIn the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT) of the National Institutes of Health Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, a conservative fluid protocol (FACTT Conservative) resulted in a lower cumulative fluid balance and better outcomes than a liberal fluid protocol (FACTT Liberal). Subsequent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network studies used a simplified conservative fluid protocol (FACTT Lite). The objective of this study was to compare the performance of FACTT Lite, FACTT Conservative, and FACTT Liberal protocols.DesignRetrospective comparison of FACTT Lite, FACTT Conservative, and FACTT Liberal. Primary outcome was cumulative fluid balance over 7 days. Secondary outcomes were 60-day adjusted mortality and ventilator-free days through day 28. Safety outcomes were prevalence of acute kidney injury and new shock.SettingICUs of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network participating hospitals.PatientsFive hundred three subjects managed with FACTT Conservative, 497 subjects managed with FACTT Liberal, and 1,124 subjects managed with FACTT Lite.InterventionsFluid management by protocol.Measurements and main resultsCumulative fluid balance was 1,918 ± 323 mL in FACTT Lite, -136 ± 491 mL in FACTT Conservative, and 6,992 ± 502 mL in FACTT Liberal (p < 0.001). Mortality was not different between groups (24% in FACTT Lite, 25% in FACTT Conservative and Liberal, p = 0.84). Ventilator-free days in FACTT Lite (14.9 ± 0.3) were equivalent to FACTT Conservative (14.6 ± 0.5) (p = 0.61) and greater than in FACTT Liberal (12.1 ± 0.5, p < 0.001 vs Lite). Acute kidney injury prevalence was 58% in FACTT Lite and 57% in FACTT Conservative (p = 0.72). Prevalence of new shock in FACTT Lite (9%) was lower than in FACTT Conservative (13%) (p = 0.007 vs Lite) and similar to FACTT Liberal (11%) (p = 0.18 vs Lite).ConclusionsFACTT Lite had a greater cumulative fluid balance than FACTT Conservative but had equivalent clinical and safety outcomes. FACTT Lite is an alternative to FACTT Conservative for fluid management in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome