98 research outputs found
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Design Principles for Two-Dimensional Molecular Aggregates Using Kasha's Model: Tunable Photophysics in Near and Short-Wave Infrared
Technologies
which utilize near-infrared (700 – 1000 nm) and short-wave infrared (1000 –
2000 nm) electromagnetic radiation have applications in deep-tissue imaging,
telecommunications and satellite telemetry due to low scattering and decreased
background signal in this spectral region. It is therefore necessary to develop
materials that absorb light efficiently beyond 1000 nm. Transition dipole
moment coupling (e.g. J-aggregation) allows for redshifted excitonic states and
provides a pathway to highly absorptive electronic states in the infrared. We present aggregates of two cyanine dyes whose
absorption peaks redshift dramatically upon aggregation in water from ~800
nm to 1000 nm and 1050 nm respectively with sheet-like morphologies and high
molar absorptivities (e ~ 105 M-1cm-1). We use Frenkel exciton theory to extend
Kasha’s model for J and H aggregation and describe the excitonic states of
2-dimensional aggregates whose slip is controlled by steric hindrance in the
assembled structure. A consequence of the increased dimensionality is the
phenomenon of an intermediate “I-aggregate”, one which redshifts yet displays
spectral signatures of band-edge dark states akin to an H-aggregate. We
distinguish between H-, I- and J-aggregates by showing the relative position of
the bright (absorptive) state within the density of states using temperature
dependent spectroscopy. I-aggregates hold potential for applications as charge
injection moieties for semiconductors and donors for energy transfer in NIR and
SWIR. Our results can be used to better design chromophores with predictable
and tunable aggregation with new photophysical properties
Recommended from our members
Generalized Kasha's Model: T-Dependent Spectroscopy Reveals Short-Range Structures of 2D Excitonic Systems
Polaritons in Large Stochastic Simulations of 2D Molecular Aggregates
We introduce stochastic techniques for simulating polaritons resulting from
large molecular aggregate crystals ( dyes) in realistic cavities. This
enables the study of 2D polaritons that are derived from systems with internal
excitonic structure and interact with many modes of cavity light due to their
large size, achieving thermodynamic convergence in both the molecular and
photonic subsystems. We demonstrate cases where cavity coupling may induce
emergent delocalization not present outside of the cavity. Such examples
demonstrate the nontrivial role the internal aggregate Hamiltonian can play in
polariton properties.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Nonadiabatic derivative couplings through multiple Franck-Condon modes dictate the energy gap law for near and short-wave infrared dye molecules
Near infrared (NIR, 700 - 1,000 nm) and short-wave infrared (SWIR, 1,000 -
2,000 nm) dye molecules exhibit significant nonradiative decay rates from the
first singlet excited state to the ground state. While these trends can be
empirically explained by a simple energy gap law, detailed mechanisms of the
nearly universal behavior have remained unsettled for many cases. Theoretical
and experimental results for two representative NIR/SWIR dye molecules reported
here clarify an important mechanism of such nature. It is shown that the first
derivative nonadiabatic coupling terms serve as major coupling pathways for
nonadiabatic decay processes exhibiting the energy gap law behavior and that
vibrational modes other than the highest frequency ones also make significant
contributions to the rate. This assessment is corroborated by further
theoretical comparison with possible alternative mechanisms of intersystem
crossing to triplet states and also by comparison with experimental data for
deuterated molecules
Stochastically Realized Observables for Excitonic Molecular Aggregates
We show that a stochastic approach enables calculations of the optical
properties of large 2-dimensional and nanotubular excitonic molecular
aggregates. Previous studies of such systems relied on numerically
diagonalizing the dense and disordered Frenkel Hamiltonian, which scales
approximately as for dye molecules. Our approach scales
much more efficiently as , enabling quick study of
systems with a million of coupled molecules on the micron size scale. We
calculate several important experimental observable including the optical
absorption spectrum and density of states, and develop a stochastic formalism
for the participation ratio. Quantitative agreement with traditional matrix
diagonalization methods is demonstrated for both small- and intermediate-size
systems. The stochastic methodology enables the study of the effects of
spatial-correlation in site energies on the optical signatures of large 2D
aggregates. Our results demonstrate that stochastic methods present a path
forward for screening structural parameters and validating experiments and
theoretical predictions in large excitonic aggregates.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, as submitted to JP
Generalized Kasha's Scheme for Classifying Two-Dimensional Excitonic Molecular Aggregates: Temperature Dependent Absorption Peak Frequency Shift
We propose a generalized theoretical framework for classifying
two-dimensional (2D) excitonic molecular aggregates based on an analysis of
temperature dependent spectra. In addition to the monomer-aggregate absorption
peak shift, which defines the conventional J- and H-aggregates, we incorporate
the peak shift associated with increasing temperature as a measure to
characterize the exciton band structure. First we show that there is a
one-to-one correspondence between the monomer-aggregate and the T-dependent
peak shifts for Kasha's well-established model of 1D aggregates, where
J-aggregates exhibit further redshift upon increasing temperature and
H-aggregates exhibit further blueshift. On the contrary, 2D aggregate
structures are capable of supporting the two other combinations: blueshifting
J-aggregates and redshifting H-aggregates, owing to their more complex exciton
band structures. Secondly, using spectral lineshape theory, the T-dependent
shift is associated with the relative abundance of states on each side of the
bright state. We further establish that the density of states can be connected
to the microscopic packing condition leading to these four classes of
aggregates by separately considering the short and long-range contribution to
the excitonic couplings. In particular the T-dependent shift is shown to be an
unambiguous signature for the sign of net short-range couplings: Aggregates
with net negative (positive) short-range couplings redshift (blueshift) with
increasing temperature. Lastly, comparison with experiments shows that our
theory can be utilized to quantitatively account for the observed but
previously unexplained T-dependent absorption lineshapes. Thus, our work
provides a firm ground for elucidating the structure-function relationships for
molecular aggregates and is fully compatible with existing experimental and
theoretical structure characterization tools.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figure
Extending the large molecule limit: The role of Fermi resonance in developing a quantum functional group
Polyatomic molecules equipped with optical cycling centers (OCCs), enabling
continuous photon scattering during optical excitation, are exciting candidates
for advancing quantum information science. However, as these molecules grow in
size and complexity the interplay of complex vibronic couplings on optical
cycling becomes a critical, but relatively unexplored consideration. Here, we
present an extensive exploration of Fermi resonances in large OCC-containing
molecules, surpassing the constraints of harmonic approximation.
High-resolution dispersed laser-induced fluorescence and excitation
spectroscopy reveal Fermi resonances in calcium and strontium phenoxides and
their derivatives. This resonance manifests as vibrational coupling leading to
intensity borrowing by combination bands near optically active harmonic bands.
The resulting additional vibration-changing decays require more repumping
lasers for effective optical cycling. To mitigate these effects, we explore
altering vibrational energy level spacing through substitutions on the phenyl
ring or changes in the OCC itself. While the complete elimination of
vibrational coupling in complex molecules remains challenging, our findings
underscore the potential for significant mitigation, opening new avenues for
optimizing optical cycling in large polyatomic molecules.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, SI (15 pages
Laser spectroscopy of aromatic molecules with optical cycling centers: strontium (I) phenoxides
We report the production and spectroscopic characterization of strontium (I)
phenoxide (, or SrOPh) and variants featuring
electron-withdrawing groups designed to suppress vibrational excitation during
spontaneous emission from the electronically excited state. Optical cycling
closure of these species, which is the decoupling of vibrational state changes
from spontaneous optical decay, is found by dispersed laser-induced
fluorescence spectroscopy to be high, in accordance with theoretical
predictions. A high-resolution, rotationally-resolved laser excitation spectrum
is recorded for SrOPh, allowing the estimation of spectroscopic constants and
identification of candidate optical cycling transitions for future work. The
results confirm the promise of strontium phenoxides for laser cooling and
quantum state detection at the single-molecule level.Comment: Erratum for a correction of an incorrect grant number for the NSF
Center for Chemical Innovation, Phase I. The correct number should be
CHE-222145
Achieving a quantum smart workforce
Interest in building dedicated Quantum Information Science and Engineering
(QISE) education programs has greatly expanded in recent years. These programs
are inherently convergent, complex, often resource intensive and likely require
collaboration with a broad variety of stakeholders. In order to address this
combination of challenges, we have captured ideas from many members in the
community. This manuscript not only addresses policy makers and funding
agencies (both public and private and from the regional to the international
level) but also contains needs identified by industry leaders and discusses the
difficulties inherent in creating an inclusive QISE curriculum. We report on
the status of eighteen post-secondary education programs in QISE and provide
guidance for building new programs. Lastly, we encourage the development of a
comprehensive strategic plan for quantum education and workforce development as
a means to make the most of the ongoing substantial investments being made in
QISE.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl
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