The Issue of Compensation: Should NCAA Athletes be Compensated Above Their Scholarships

There is an issue of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes being exploited by their respective universities and a need for change in the way the student-athletes are being compensated for their efforts. The history of the NCAA has established the landscape of the organization today. The ways in which NCAA student-athletes are exploited can be investigated through a review of the history of the NCAA, court cases involving compensation of student-athletes, including the legal aspects of compensating the athletes, and a plan to potentially alleviate the turmoil that has taken place within the NCAA

Methodology for an integrated modelling of macro and microscopic processes in urban transport demand

The paper presents the theoretical formulation and the underlying assumptions for an activity-based approach of transport demand modelling. Starting with the definition of a time hierarchy of decision-making in the urban environment, rules are formulated that dictate the general hierarchic structure of individuals’ choices in the urban system. The temporal scale defines decisions for activities and their daily sequence, the geographical scale decisions associated to destination choice processes. We build activity plans (number and daily sequence of activities) from an empirical data set and calculate trip paths (time-spatial trajectories including transport modes and travel destinations) assuming consumers to maximize their utility in the decision-making process. First results of the translation of the theoretical model into a real-world application are shown for the city of Santiago, Chile

Perceptions of managers and Spanish-speaking employees in the Iowa horticultural industry

Labor intensive tasks, seasonal positions, low wages, and a decreasing supply of domestic labor have contributed to Iowa horticultural firms hiring foreign-born workers. The majority of these workers are Spanish-speaking Latinos who arrived to the United States from Mexico and other parts of Latin America and find jobs in golf course maintenance, landscape installation, and nursery production. Addressing the educational and other employment needs of both Latino workers and their managers was anticipated to improve working conditions, job satisfaction, and productivity of both employees and the companies that hired Latino workers. This study assessed educational needs, communication gaps and technical skills of English-speaking managers of primarily Spanish-speaking workers in the Iowa horticultural industry. This study also assessed educational needs and technical issues of Spanish-speaking workers in the Iowa horticultural industry. The study produced a list of topics for educational programming that could improve communications and horticultural knowledge between English-speaking managers and Latino employees

Getting 1% Every Day: An Exploratory Case Study about Growth Mindset in a Collegiate Athletic Setting

This study explored the impact of a coach implementing growth mindset at a faith-based, liberal arts institution in the Midwest. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was any impact on student-athletes being under a coaching philosophy rooted in growth mindset. Results from the study indicate the positive impact of implementing growth mindset from the perspective of both the head coach and the student-athletes. Despite the exploratory nature of the study, the head coach’s philosophy is affirmed as a positive influence to help student-athletes improve in skill and ability

The Teaching of Skills in Games and Sports

The teaching of skills for use in a variety of sports, games and recreational activities has historically formed an integral part of a comprehensive physical education program. Whilst there has been a push towards lifetime fitness and physical activities that require minimal skill development, different ways of thinking about teaching related skills allow sport and game play to remain as two of many important physical activity options available to students. In essence, all children should be provided with the opportunities to develop the confidence and competence to choose not to play sports or games at a later stage in life, rather than be forced from them because of a lack of opportunity

Perspectives On Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine Among Clinical Pharmacists

Clinical pharmacists are well positioned to enhance efforts to promote Emergency Department (ED)-initiated buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Among clinical pharmacists in urban EDs, we sought to characterize barriers and facilitators for ED-initiated buprenorphine to inform future implementation efforts and enhance access to this highly effective OUD treatment. This study was conducted as a part of Project ED Health (CTN-0069, NCT03023930), a multisite effectiveness-implementation study aimed at promoting ED-initiated buprenorphine that was conducted between April 2017 and July 2020. Data collection and analysis were grounded in the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework to assess perspectives on the relationship between 3 elements: evidence for buprenorphine initiation, the ED context, and facilitation needs to promote ED-initiated buprenorphine. Using content analysis, an iterative coding process was used to identify overlapping themes within these 3 domains. Eight focus groups/interviews were conducted across four geographically disparate EDs with 15 pharmacist participants. Six themes were identified. Themes related to evidence included (1) varied levels of comfort and experience among pharmacists with ED-initiated buprenorphine that increased over time and (2) a perception that patients with OUD have unique challenges that require guidance to optimize ED care. Regarding the context, clinical pharmacists identified: (3) their ability to clarify scope of ED care in the context of unique pharmacology, formulations, and regulations of buprenorphine to ED staff, and that (4) their presence promotes successful program implementation and quality improvement. Participants identified facilitation needs including: (5) training to promote practice change and (6) ways to leverage already existing pharmacy resources outside of the ED. Clinical pharmacists play a unique and critical role in the efforts to promote ED-initiated buprenorphine. We identified 6 themes that can inform pharmacist-specific interventions that could aid in the successful implementation of this practice

Broadband IF Circuits for Superconductor Isolator Superconductor (SIS) Mixers for the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared on the Herschel Space Observatory and for Sideband Separating Mixers

This thesis describes the development and manufacturing of the IF circuits for two different heterodyne receivers used for sub-mm radio astronomy. The first project is the broadband 4-8 GHz IF circuitry for the mixer units for band 2 of the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI). This instrument will be operating onboard of ESA's Herschel space observatory. The band 2 mixer units for HIFI, built by KOSMA, implement low noise SIS mixers in a very compact, modular design. The complete IF path in the mixer units consist of the mixer block (with the SIS mixer chip) and the bias-T, which is needed to apply a bias voltage to the SIS-junction and to extract the IF signal. The detailed investigation of the IF performance of the mixer block must consider the geometric capacitances of the SIS-junction and the tuning structure as well as the inductance of the bond wires used to establish the contact between the mixer chip and the SMA output connector. The calculations presented in this thesis show that the design can be used for IF frequencies up to 12 GHz. The bias-T, which is implemented in the mixer unit, is a dedicated, new development with high performance and high reliability complying with the special requirements for a spaceborne instrument. These include the survival under high mechanical stress such as vibration during the launch and extensive thermal cycling to cryogenic temperatures during the tests of the mixer unit and the instrument. An excellent (S21 > -0.25 dB) IF signal transmission of the bias-T is achieved by special high reliability connections in the signal path. Different coefficients of thermal expansion are compensated by the mechanical flexibility of the connections. These special parts have been developed, manufactured, integrated and tested within this work in a three phase design cycle (Demonstration Model(DM) - Qualification Model (QM) - Flight Model (FM)). In addition to the high transmission, the bias-T provides filter circuits, which effectively protect the signal path from electromagnetic interference (EMI) entering the mixer unit via the unshielded bias lines. The mixer units have passed all performance and environmental tests and are presently integrated into the HIFI instrument. The second project is the development and fabrication of very broadband nonuniform couplers, which can be used as -3 dB 90°-hybrids on the IF side of sideband separating mixers with large IF bandwidth. By the smooth (e.g., nonuniform, not stepped-uniform) change of the even- and odd-mode impedances along the wave propagation direction, uncontrolled reflections are avoided, which is indispensable to achieve a large bandwidth. Strong power coupling (-3 dB, e.g., 50%) is achieved with broadside coupled lines in a homogeneous stripline configuration, which ensures TEM mode propagation. This TEM mode propagation and the smooth distribution of the electrical parameters allow to achieve a large bandwidth. The impedances can be calculated by Fourier transformation of the power coupling bandshape. In order to determine the actual geometry (e.g., stripline width and spacing) from even mode line impedances, a design procedure has been developed, which is presented in this thesis. It includes an appropriate mix of analytic calculations and an interpolation scheme which uses results from a commercial 2D EM-field solver. This procedure has been successfully applied in order to design various couplers, which have been manufactured and tested. By introducing mode launchers in the vicinity of the coupler ports, the TEM mode purity could be improved, which led to an increased coupler bandwidth of 1.9-9.3 GHz

Comprehension Strategies for Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities

Comprehension Strategies for Middle School Students with Learning Disabilitie