Uwagi do założeń ustawy o rewitalizacji – wybrane aspekty

The purpose of this article is to evaluate and formulate comments on the draft Guidelines Revitalization Act draft. The debate on the project of the act has been continued for many years. The real need for regeneration processes based on clearly defined formal legal norms has become a contribution to the resumption of legislative work and the transfer of the Act Guidelines for public consultation by the Department of Policy Planning of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Development. An important fact that needs to be stressed is that revitalization is one of the priorities of the European Union actions and the ongoing new 2014–2020 programme perspective assumes support for urban renewal of EU funds. The development of a clear framework for the revitalization process thus seems to be necessary and critical for the further transformation of functional Polish cities.  Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena i sformułowanie uwag do projektu Założeń ustawy o rewitalizacji. Tocząca się od wielu lat dyskusja nad projektem ustawy oraz realna potrzeba prowadzenia procesów rewitalizacji w oparciu o jasno wyznaczone normy formalno-prawne stały się przyczynkiem do wznowienia prac legislacyjnych oraz przekazania Założeń ustawy do konsultacji społecznych przez Departament Polityki Przestrzennej Ministerstwa Infrastruktury i Rozwoju. Istotny jest fakt, że rewitalizacja to jedno z priorytetowych obszarów wskazanych przez Unię Europejską, a trwająca nowa perspektywa programowa 2014–2020 zakłada ponowne wsparcie odnowy miast środkami unijnymi. Opracowanie klarownych ram procesu rewitalizacji wydaje się tym samym potrzebne i newralgiczne dla dalszych przeobrażeń funkcjonalnych polskich miast. &nbsp

Resistance to thyroid hormone due to a novel mutation in the thyroid beta receptor (THRβ) gene coexisting with autoimmune thyroid disease—A case report

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a syndrome characterized by impaired responsiveness of target tissues to thyroid hormones. The relationship between RTHβ and thyroid autoimmunity has been under research. In this study, we demonstrate a case report of a woman with a novel mutation in THRβ gene coexisting with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The 36-year-old woman has been treated since childhood for a thyroid disease. Based on high levels of thyroid hormones (THs) and elevated concentrations of thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies (TPOAb and TgAb, respectively), she received unnecessary long-term treatment with methimazole and finally underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. After the surgery, her TSH level remained significantly elevated, despite the treatment with 150 + 15 µg of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. A sequence analysis of the THRβ gene revealed a novel dinucleotide substitution affecting codon 453, resulting in the replacement of the normal proline with an asparagine (c.1357_1358delinsAA, p.(Pro453Asn)). The mutation has not been described in the literature yet; however, THRβ codon 453 represents a mutational hot spot, frequently altered in the TH receptor ß gene. After establishing the diagnosis of RTH, the patient was treated with 300 µg of thyroxine, which showed clinical improvement and normalization of TSH. The coexistence of RTHβ and AITD may additionally impede establishment of a proper diagnosis, leading to unnecessary therapy and delayed correct treatment. The presented case encourages a closer cooperation between clinical endocrinologists and geneticists

Przekład kulturemów w Jądrze ciemności Josepha Conrada

Celem niniejszej pracy jest porównanie dwóch przekładów powieści Josepha Conrada pt. „Jądro ciemności”. Porównano w niej przekłady dokonane przez Magdalenę Heydel oraz Jacka Dukaja, głównie pod kątem tłumaczenia kulturemów. Niniejsza praca składa się z trzech rozdziałów. Pierwszy z nich rozpoczyna się krótką historia przekładu. Następnie skupiono się na kompetencjach tłumacza oraz na charakterze tłumaczenia. W dalszej części scharakteryzowano jedenaście metod, które są stosowane podczas przekładu kulturemów oraz problemy powstałe przy realizacji przekładu takie jak błędne zrozumienie tekstu nieprawidłowo zdefinowana wiedza docelowego czytelnika. Następnie omówiono medoty stosowane podczas tłumaczenia tytułu zaproponowanene przez Hejwowskiego, a na końcu przybliżono teorię dotyczącą obecności tłumacza w przekładzie skupiając się głównie na dwóch strategiach : udomowieniu i egzotyzacji wg. Venutiego. W drugim rozdziale przedstawiono krótką biografię Josepha Conrada, streszczenie „Jądra ciemności” oraz kilka znaczeń powieści. Co więcej, w tym rozdziale wspomniano również wszystkie tłumaczenia Conradowskiej noweli oraz scharakteryzowano dwóch wczesniej wspomnianych tłumaczy : Heydel oraz Dukaja. Na koniec opisano odbiór tej XIX - wiecznej klasycznej powieści, która niemalże na całym świecie uznawana jest za arcydzieło. Trzeci rozdział poświęcony jest analizie dwóch tłumaczeń powieści głównie pod względem przekładu kulturemów w oparciu o wybrane fragmenty powieści i odniesieniu do wcześniej omaiwanej teorii i technik tłumaczeniowych. Analizując obydwa tłumaczenia można dojść do wniosku, że przeklad Heydel opiera się na wyobcowaniu dzieła, a tłumaczenie Dukaja na udomowieniu, o czym sam informuje dodając wyraz „spolszczenie” na okładce. Ponadto, przyglądając się przekładowi Dukaja można zaobserwować jak wprowdził do tekstu korpomowę, strając się unowoczesnić tekst.The aim of this thesis is to analyse Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darknessin its two translations, by Magdalena Heydel and by Jacek Dukaj, mainly in terms of the translation of culture-bound items. This thesis consists of three chapters.The first chapter begins with a short history of translation. Then it focuses on the translator's competences and the nature of translation. Next, it describes eleven methods that are used when translating culture-bound elements as well as realization and misinterpretation errors. Then, the methods used in translating titles proposed by Hejwowski are discussed, and finally the theory of the translator's presence was characterized, mainly focusing on two strategies: domestication and foreignization as described by Venuti. The second chapter presents a short biography of Joseph Conrad, a summary of Heart of Darkness and an interpretation of the novel. Moreover, this chapter also mentions all the translations of Conrad's short story and characterizes the two previously mentioned translators: Heydel and Dukaj. Finally, the reception of this 19th-century classic novel is described, which is considered a masterpiece almost all over the world.The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of two translations of the novel mainly in terms of the translation of culture-bound items based on selected fragments of the novel and the reference to the previously discussed theory and translation techniques. Analyzing both translations one can come to the conclusion that Heydel's translation is based on foreignization and Dukaj's translation is based on domestication, which he himself refers to by adding the word 'polonization' on the cover

Uwagi do założeń ustawy o rewitalizacji – wybrane aspekty

The purpose of this article is to evaluate and formulate comments on the draft Guidelines Revitalization Act draft. The debate on the project of the act has been continued for many years. The real need for regeneration processes based on clearly defined formal legal norms has become a contribution to the resumption of legislative work and the transfer of the Act Guidelines for public consultation by the Department of Policy Planning of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Development. An important fact that needs to be stressed is that revitalization is one of the priorities of the European Union actions and the ongoing new 2014–2020 programme perspective assumes support for urban renewal of EU funds. The development of a clear framework for the revitalization process thus seems to be necessary and critical for the further transformation of functional Polish cities.  Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena i sformułowanie uwag do projektu Założeń ustawy o rewitalizacji. Tocząca się od wielu lat dyskusja nad projektem ustawy oraz realna potrzeba prowadzenia procesów rewitalizacji w oparciu o jasno wyznaczone normy formalno-prawne stały się przyczynkiem do wznowienia prac legislacyjnych oraz przekazania Założeń ustawy do konsultacji społecznych przez Departament Polityki Przestrzennej Ministerstwa Infrastruktury i Rozwoju. Istotny jest fakt, że rewitalizacja to jedno z priorytetowych obszarów wskazanych przez Unię Europejską, a trwająca nowa perspektywa programowa 2014–2020 zakłada ponowne wsparcie odnowy miast środkami unijnymi. Opracowanie klarownych ram procesu rewitalizacji wydaje się tym samym potrzebne i newralgiczne dla dalszych przeobrażeń funkcjonalnych polskich miast. &nbsp

Notes to the assumptions of the law revitalization law – selected aspects

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena i sformułowanie uwag do projektu Założeń ustawy o rewitalizacji. Tocząca się od wielu lat dyskusja nad projektem ustawy oraz realna potrzeba prowadzenia procesów rewitalizacji w oparciu o jasno wyznaczone normy formalno-prawne stały się przyczynkiem do wznowienia prac legislacyjnych oraz przekazania Założeń ustawy do konsultacji społecznych przez Departament Polityki Przestrzennej Ministerstwa Infrastruktury i Rozwoju. Istotny jest fakt, że rewitalizacja to jedno z priorytetowych obszarów wskazanych przez Unię Europejską, a trwająca nowa perspektywa programowa 2014–2020 zakłada ponowne wsparcie odnowy miast środkami unijnymi. Opracowanie klarownych ram procesu rewitalizacji wydaje się tym samym potrzebne i newralgiczne dla dalszych przeobrażeń funkcjonalnych polskich miast.  The purpose of this article is to evaluate and formulate comments on the draft Guidelines Revitalization Act draft. The debate on the project of the act has been continued for many years. The real need for regeneration processes based on clearly defined formal legal norms has become a contribution to the resumption of legislative work and the transfer of the Act Guidelines for public consultation by the Department of Policy Planning of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Development. An important fact that needs to be stressed is that revitalization is one of the priorities of the European Union actions and the ongoing new 2014–2020 programme perspective assumes support for urban renewal of EU funds. The development of a clear framework for the revitalization process thus seems to be necessary and critical for the further transformation of functional Polish cities.

Differences in Expression of Selected Interleukins in HIV-Infected Subjects Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

The use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) inhibits the replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and thus may affect the functioning of the immune system, e.g., induce changes in the expression of certain cytokines. The aim was to examine the effect of cART on the expression of selected cytokines: interleukin -4, -7 and -15 in HIV-infected subjects. The test material was the plasma of HIV-infected men and healthy men (C, control group). The levels of interleukin were measured by immunoenzymatic method before cART and one year after treatment in relation to the C group. HIV-infected men were analyzed in subgroups depending on the HIV-RNA viral load, CD4+ and CD8+T-cell counts, and the type of therapeutic regimen. A significantly higher level of IL-4 was demonstrated in HIV-infected men before cART compared to those after treatment and in the control group. The use of cART resulted in a significant decrease in the level of IL-7 in HIV-infected men; however, high levels of IL-7 were associated with a low number of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. An increase in the level of IL-15 in HIV-infected men was noted after the use of cART. There was no difference in the expression of interleukins depending on the treatment regimen used. The study showed the effect of cART on the expression of interleukins, especially IL-4 and IL-7. Further research in this direction seems promising, confirming the role of these interleukins in the course of the disease

The Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on SIRT1, SIRT3 and SIRT6 Expression in HIV-Infected Patients

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and the chronic use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) may affect the occurrence of certain disturbances in the body. There is growing interest in sirtuins–enzymes involved in the regulation of many metabolic processes in the organism and in the pathogenesis of many diseases which also exhibit potential antiviral activity. The aim of the study was to investigate the connection of cART to the expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in HIV-infected men. The plasma levels of sirtuins were measured before and one year after cART, and related to HIV viral load, lymphocytes T CD4+ and CD8+ count as well as the applied cART. The levels of sirtuins in plasma were measured in HIV-infected patients (n = 53) and the control group (n = 35) by immunoassay methods. There were statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between SIRT6 in the HIV-infected patients before therapy and in the subgroups, depending on the count of lymphocytes T CD8+. There were significant differences in the levels of SIRT1 depending on the applied treatment regimen. The obtained results indicate the most significant changes in the expression of SIRT6 in the course of HIV infection and suggest an influence of the type of cART on the level of SIRT1, which indicates its important role in the course of HIV

Activity of MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 in serum as a marker of progression of alcoholic liver disease in people from Lublin Region, eastern Poland

In alcoholic liver cirrhosis, normal liver cells are replaced by scar tissue (fibrosis). Liver fibrosis is a dynamic process in which activated hepatic stellate cells are involved in the synthesis of matrix proteins and the regulation of matrix degeneration. The aim of the presented study was to assess the usefulness of MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 as diagnostic markers of alcoholic liver disease. Sixty patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were randomly enrolled during hospitalization in departments of hospitals from the Lublin Region in eastern Poland. The stage of cirrhosis was estimated according to Child-Turcotte-Pugh criteria (Child-Pugh score) as P- Ch A, P-Ch B, P-Ch C. The control group consisted of 10 healthy persons without liver disease, who did not drink alcohol. Additionally, a group of alcoholics without liver cirrhosis was included in the study. Blood sample were obtained, and after centrifuge, serum was collected for further analysis. The activity of MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 in the blood plasma of the patients and the control group were measured by using the sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique with commercially available quantitative ELISA test kits. Activity of MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 in patients with liver cirrhosis were increased gradually according to Child-Pugh stages. The activity of MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 were the highest in patients with liver cirrhosis stage C. MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 concentrations in the people with liver cirrhosis (stage C) were significantly increased compared to controls. A significant difference were observed between activity MMP-2 in control group, alcoholics without liver cirrhosis, and those with liver cirrhosis (stages A, B, C according Child-Pugh score). MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 may be markers of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in the alcoholics. Elevated levels of MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 in the alcoholic patients indicated that cirrhosis has developed. The most sensitive is MMP-2, because the activity of this parameter is increased in all liver cirrhosis stages. MMP-8 and MMP-9 activity were significantly elevated only in serum patients with advanced liver cirrhosis, compared to controls