Comparison of Calcofluor White M2R fluorescence and modified Gram chromotrope Kinyoun staining methods for the detection of microsporidial spores from stool samples

Routine diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis in clinical diagnostic laboratories relies mostly on detection of microsporidial spores via special staining and microscopic techniques. This paper describes the comparative evaluation of Calcofluor White M2R method, with modified Gram-chromotrope Kinyoun method as the reference standard. One hundred and six stool samples were examined for the presence of microsporidial spores. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the Calcofluor White M2R method compared to the reference technique were 95.2%, 4.3%, 78.2% and 20.0%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 78.2% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 20.0%. Despite low specificity of the CFW method due to its ability to stain chitinous wall of microorganisms, the presence of distinct deep-blue horizontal or equitorial stripes in microsporidial spores in modified Gram-chromotrope Kinyoun would likely reduce the false positive results obtained in the Calcofluor White M2R. Hence, the simultaneous use of these two methods would give better performance and accuracy for the detection of microsporidial spores in patients with intestinal microsporidiosis

The Implementation of Tri Core Breastfeeding Models on Mother's Satisfaction in Breastfeeding

The low rates of exclusive breastfeeding have effected the growth and the development of children. Some efforts to improve the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding have been conducted, like an education about breastfeeding, facilitating early breastfeeding initiation and providing motivation to mothers. These elements contain a form of health promotion care model called the Tri Core Breastfeeding Models. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Tri Core Breastfeeding Models on breastfeeding mothers' satisfaction. This research was conducted in the working area of the Sidomulyo Health Center in Pekanbaru City in August 2019 to April 2020. This research is Pre-experimental Design. The population in this study was all third trimester pregnant women. The sample of 20 pregnant women was taken by consecutive sampling technique with 10 pregnant women in the intervention and 10 pregnant women for control. The Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale (MBFES) questionnaire was used to collect the data. The Mann Whitney Test with a significance level of 95% was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the average satisfaction of breastfeeding mothers in the intervention group was 134.80 (SD: 3.190) and the control group 119.10 (SD: 14.317), and it is found that there is a difference in breastfeeding satisfaction among mothers in the intervention group and the control group (p = 0.019). Finally, it is recommended that Tri Core Breastfeeding Models can be applied in providing midwifery care in the  to support the success of exclusive breastfeedin