A Statistical Analysis of Surface Pressure Measurements with Particular Reference to Vortex Breakdown. G.U. Aero Report 9806

This paper describes and presents results from static wind tunnel tests conducted on a 60° delta wing at a root chord Reynolds number of 2.7 x 10[sup]6. In these tests, the wing was instrumented with 192 miniature pressure transducers which, in conjunction with a powerful multi-channel data-logging system, allowed the distribution of timevarying surface pressures to be measured at high temporal resolution. Analysis indicates that the distribution of root-mean-square pressure on the leeward surface of the wing can provide considerable insight into the behaviour of both the primary and secondary vortex structures. In addition, it has been established that the frequency content of pressure signals measured in the vicinity of these vortex structures is sensitive to the vortex state. It is suggested that these data features can be directly attributed to previously observed behavioural characteristics of the vortex breakdown process

A Preliminary Study of the Flow around a Delta Wing using High Resolution Pressure Measurements. G. U. Aero Report no. 9720

A study of the flow around delta wings has been carried out in a series of experiments in the University’s Handley-Page Wind-Tunnel facility. The objective of the experiments was to capture high spatial and temporal resolution pressure measurements on a specially designed 60° delta wing model. This project has been devised to analyse the results of the study with a view to determining a reliable method of vortex breakdown detection on delta wings using data obtained from pressure measurements alone. A fundamental requirement of the proposed method is that it should apply equally under static and dynamic conditions. In order to achieve the aim of the project, a broad understanding of the physics of vortical flows is required. This is to be achieved in two ways; firstly, by carrying out a literature research exercise on the nature, causes and effects of vortex breakdown, secondly, to validate the findings of the pressure data analysis by carrying out further experiments using smoke visualisation techniques. The findings of the literature research exercise are presented, together with a description of the wind-tunnel experiments and the preliminary results from the analysis of the pressure data. The models to be used in the forthcoming smoke visualisation experiments have been built and a series of tests have been carried out to evaluate their design. A description of the smoke tunnel models and the results of these tests are also presented. The work of this project has so far highlighted a number of issues to be dealt with in future research as part of this project. To conclude this report, a series of proposals are presented detailing the work required to resolve these issues

Accessing five- and seven-membered phosphorus-based heterocycles via cycloaddition reactions of azophosphines

Heterocycles containing both phosphorus and nitrogen have seen increasing use in recent years in luminescent materials, coordination chemistry and as building blocks for inorganic polymers, yet their chemistry is currently dominated by five- and six-membered derivatives. Seven-membered P/N heterocycles are comparatively scarce and lack general, high yielding syntheses. Here, we explore the synthesis and characterisation of 1,2,5-diazaphosphepines from azophosphines. The mechanism has been probed in detail with both computational and experimental studies supporting a stepwise mechanism to form a five-membered ring, and subsequent ring expansion to the diazaphosphepine. Regioselective synthesis of five- and seven-membered rings is possible using asymmetric alkynes. The Lewis acidic borane B(C6F5)3 could either catalyse the formation of the seven-membered ring (iPr derivative) or trap out a key intermediate via a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mechanism (tBu derivative)

How did they get here from there? Detecting changes of direction in terrestrial ranging

Efficient exploitation of large-scale space is crucial to many species of animal, but the difficulties of studying how animals decide on travel routes in natural environments have hampered scientific understanding of environmental cognition. Field experiments allow researchers to define travel goals for their subjects, but practical difficulties restrict large-scale studies. In contrast, data on natural travel patterns are abundant and easy to record, but hard to interpret without circularity and subjectivity when making inferences about when and why an animal began heading to a particular location. We present a method of determining objectively the point at which an animal’s travel path becomes directed at a location, for instance a distant feeding site, based on the statistical characteristics of its route. We evaluate this method and illustrate how it can be tailored to particular problems, using data that is (a) synthetic; (b) from baboons, where travel is from a single sleeping site in an overlapping home range, and (c) from chimpanzees, where sleeping sites are unlimited within a large territory. We suggest that this ‘change- point test’ might usefully become a routine first step in interpreting the decision- making behind animal travel under natural conditions

Knowledge Representation for Web Navigation

Representations of domain knowledge range from those that are ontologically formal, semantically rich to those that are ontologically informal and semantically weak. Representations of knowledge are important in many tasks, one of which is the support of travel around information spaces through the identification and linking of concepts in a field. In this paper we explore how representations of ontologically informal, semantically weak domain knowledge as captured by the Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS) can enable a system to take advantage of the large number of existing ontological representations to support semantic linking of Web based information and thus facilitate information travel

Document Navigation: Ontology or Knowledge Organization System?

Bioinformatics relies heavily on web resources for information gathering. Ontologies are being developed to fill the background knowledge needed to drive Semantic Web applications. This paper discusses how formal ontologies are not always suited for document navigation on the web. Converting ontologies into a model with looser semantics, allows cheap and rapid generation of useful knowledge systems. The message is that ontologies are not the only knowledge artefact needed; vocabularies and other classification schemes with weaker semantics have their role and are the best solution in certain circumstances

Corporate Social Responsibility and Intellectual Capital in Sports and Leisure : The case of a Golf Club

Golf is becoming an increasingly popular sport, and golf clubs have, therefore, a growing social and environmental impact, with several stakeholders engaged in the activities. While the press and the media have reported countless initiatives conducted by golf clubs worldwide that highlight how environmentally and socially conscious and supportive the golf industry is, little has been said in academia. The paper aims to investigate the topic of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in golf clubs, and how golf clubs’ Intellectual Capital (IC) may foster CSR initiative. The paper employs a case study methodology, analyzing one Golf Club in the United Kingdom, using semi-structured interviews. Results underline the great potential of the relationship between the clubs and their stakeholders, especially the customers, to create an influential cycle of CSR in the local communities. Relational capital stands as a central IC element to foster CSR in golf clubs. Moreover, findings highlight the need to develop new business models that can merge the need to be compliant with a strong CSR philosophy ensuring, at the same time, financial sustainability. The paper is one of the firsts to investigate an increasingly popular sport which CSR can be fostered by relational capital, with a relevant impact on its customers, employees, and communities