Inverse Spin Hall Effect Driven by Spin Motive Force

The spin Hall effect is a phenomenon that an electric field induces a spin Hall current. In this Letter, we examine the inverse effect that, in a ferromagnetic conductor, a charge Hall current is induced by a spin motive force, or a spin-dependent effective ` electric' field ${\bm E}_{\rm s}$, arising from the time variation of magnetization texture. By considering skew-scattering and side-jump processes due to spin-orbit interaction at impurities, we obtain the Hall current density as $\sigma_{\rm SH} {\bm n}\times{\bm E}_{\rm s}$, where ${\bm n}$ is the local spin direction and $\sigma_{\rm SH}$ is the spin Hall conductivity. The Hall angle due to the spin motive force is enhanced by a factor of $P^{2}$ compared to the conventional anomalous Hall effect due to the ordinary electric field, where $P$ is the spin polarization of the current. The Hall voltage is estimated for a field-driven domain wall oscillation in a ferromagnetic nanowire.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, the title has been change

Dimensional trend in CePt2In7, Ce-115 compounds, and CeIn3

We present realistic Kondo-lattice simulation results for the recently-discovered heavy-fermion antiferromagnet CePt2In7 comparing with its three-dimensional counterpart CeIn3 and the less two-dimensional ones, Ce-115's. We find that the distance to the magnetic quantum critical point is the largest for CeIn3 and the smallest for Ce-115's, and CePt2In7 falls in between. We argue that the trend in quasi-two-dimensional materials stems from the frequency dependence of the hybridization between Cerium 4f-electrons and the conduction bands.Comment: 4.8 pages, 5 figure

Modern role for clopidogrel in management of atrial fibrillation and stroke reduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. The prevalence of AF increases sharply in old age (prevalence approximately 10% among persons 80 years of age and older). The expected risk for ischemic stroke is increased five-fold by the presence of AF, primarily as a result of cardiogenic embolism. Multiple large-scale, randomized trials have been completed or are still underway to find optimal, efficacious, and relatively safe ways to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke and other systemic thromboembolic events related to AF. Antithrombotic strategies are accompanied by serious bleeding complications that threaten patients in need of medical stroke prevention. Treatment regimens for preventing thromboembolism in AF patients range from vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin or coumadins, antiplatelet drugs like aspirin or clopidogrel, to newly developed orally available antithrombotics like the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, or the Factor Xa-inhibitor rivaroxaban. The available anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs have different advantages and disadvantages. This review attempts to delineate the specific role of clopidogrel in patients with AF and at risk of stroke, taking into consideration new and ongoing trials in this important field of medical practice

Reduced-order Models of Power Systems based on Controllability and Observability

Reduced-order models for dynamic control of power systems are formulated using a modal analysis technique, based on the notion of controllability and observability. In this technique, an input/ouutput index is used to identify and rank the strongly controllable and observable modes of the system given a particular input/output pair. The system state variables that are strongly related to the retained modes are then determined by analysis of a participation factor martrix. Davison's method of reducing linear systems is then applied to formulate the desired reduced order dynamic equivalent. This technique of forming dynamic equivalents is investigated on a single machine infinite bus system. Several reduced order model equivalents are formed and evaluated on their performance and accuracy

Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression Affects Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation, is a cytoprotective enzyme upregulated in the vasculature by increased flow and inflammatory stimuli. Human genetic data suggest that a diminished HO-1 expression may predispose one to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. In addition, heme is known to strongly induce HO-1 expression. Utilizing the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) model of AAA induction in HO-1 heterozygous (HO-1+/-, HO-1 Het) mice, we found that a deficiency in HO-1 leads to augmented AAA development. Peritoneal macrophages from HO-1+/- mice showed increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, and IL-6, but decreased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta. Furthermore, treatment with heme returned AAA progression in HO-1 Het mice to a wild-type profile. Using a second murine AAA model (Ang II-ApoE-/-), we showed that low doses of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin can induce HO-1 expression in aortic tissue and suppress AAA progression in the absence of lipid lowering. Our results support those studies that suggest that pleiotropic statin effects might be beneficial in AAA, possibly through the upregulation of HO-1. Specific targeted therapies designed to induce HO-1 could become an adjunctive therapeutic strategy for the prevention of AAA disease

Assessment of Elastase-Induced Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Comparison of Ultrasound Imaging with In Situ Video Microscopy

Aims. The aim of this study was to definitively assess the validity of noninvasive high-frequency ultrasound (US) measurements of aortic luminal diameter (ALD) in a murine model of elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in comparison with in situ video microscopy (VM). Methods. C57BL/6 mice underwent transient perfusion of the aorta with either elastase (n = 20: Elastase group) or saline (n = 10: Sham). Unoperated mice (n = 10) were also studied. Results. ALD measurements by US had excellent linear correlation and absolute agreement with that by VM in both Control (unoperated or sham-operated mice) and elastase groups (r = 0.96, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.88 and r = 0.93, ICC = 0.92, resp.). Bland-Altman analysis of US compared with VM measurements in both groups indicated good agreement, however US measurements were slightly but significantly higher than VM measurements in the control group (mean bias 0.039 mm, P < .05). Linear regression analysis revealed excellent correlation between US and VM measurements in both groups. (R2 = 0.91 in Control group, R2 = 0.85 in elastase group.) The reliability of US measurements was also confirmed by ex vivo histological measurements. Conclusions. High-frequency US provides reliable ALD measurements in developing murine abdominal aortic aneurysms

Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR-II) Antagonist Reduces Body Weight Gain in Mice

Previous research has shown that mifepristone can prevent and reverse weight gain in animals and human subjects taking antipsychotic medications. This proof-of-concept study tested whether a more potent and selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist could block dietary-induced weight gain and increase insulin sensitivity in mice. Ten-week-old, male, C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet containing 60% fat calories and water supplemented with 11% sucrose for 4 weeks. Groups (n = 8) received one of the following: CORT 108297 (80 mg/kg QD), CORT 108297 (40 mg/kg BID), mifepristone (30 mg/kg BID), rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg QD), or vehicle. Compared to mice receiving a high-fat, high-sugar diet plus vehicle, mice receiving a high-fat, high-sugar diet plus either mifepristone or CORT 108297 gained significantly less weight. At the end of the four week treatment period, mice receiving CORT 108297 40 mg/kg BID or CORT 108297 80 mg/kg QD also had significantly lower steady plasma glucose than mice receiving vehicle. However, steady state plasma glucose after treatment was not highly correlated with reduced weight gain, suggesting that the effect of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist on insulin sensitivity may be independent of its mitigating effect on weight gain

Standing Shocks in Trans-Magnetosonic Accretion Flows onto a Black Hole

Fast and slow magnetosonic shock formation is presented for stationary and axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) accretion flows onto a black hole. The shocked black hole accretion solution must pass through magnetosonic points at some locations outside and inside the shock location. We analyze critical conditions at the magnetosonic points and the shock conditions. Then, we show the restrictions on the flow parameters for strong shocks. We also show that a very hot shocked plasma is obtained for a very high-energy inflow with small number density. Such a MHD shock can appear very close to the event horizon, and can be expected as a source of high-energy emissions. Examples of shocked MHD accretion flows are presented in the Schwarzschild case.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, accepted to Ap

\Omega-deformation of B-twisted gauge theories and the 3d-3d correspondence

We study \Omega-deformation of B-twisted gauge theories in two dimensions. As an application, we construct an \Omega-deformed, topologically twisted five-dimensional maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on the product of a Riemann surface $\Sigma$ and a three-manifold $M$, and show that when $\Sigma$ is a disk, this theory is equivalent to analytically continued Chern-Simons theory on $M$. Based on these results, we establish a correspondence between three-dimensional $\mathcal{N} = 2$ superconformal theories and analytically continued Chern-Simons theory. Furthermore, we argue that there is a mirror symmetry between {\Omega}-deformed two-dimensional theories.Comment: 26 pages. v2: the discussion on the boundary condition for vector multiplet improved, and other minor changes mad