We're not a gang, we're a group : A micro-ethnographic study on the roles of football, religion and community in the work with youth delinquency in Panama City

The purpose of this study was to understand what, according to social workers and people with criminal backgrounds in Panama, contributes to change in criminal behaviour amongst delinquent youth with focusing on projects using football, religion and community as changing means. The empirical data was collected according to micro-ethnographical requirements and consisted of twelve hours of observations, seven interviews and additional information through web pages and brochures. The results were analysed through the theories of Social Identity by Richard Jenkins and the Symbolic construction of Community by Anthony P. Cohen. The study showed on a number of important aspects that contribute to change with football, religion an community as primary means. Factors such as a sense of belonging in a setting of relationships, an identity through self-esteem and social recognition and leaders with ’the right kind of experience’ were identified as contributors to change. The roles that football, religion and community play generate different consequences depending on what level they are analysed at. The study also highlights the tensions between pro social activities and anti social ones, such as gang memberships, - the social phenomena and what is appealing with the different groups are not very different, it is built upon the same foundations

Barns delaktighet och inflytande : En studie om hur förskollärare uppfattar och tillgodoser barns rätt till delaktighet och inflytande i förskolans verksamhet

Syftet med denna studie är att inhämta fördjupad kunskap om förskollärares uppfattning vad gäller barns delaktighet och inflytande i förskolans verksamhet. Forskningsfrågorna som syftet grundar sig i är: Hur uppfattar förskollärare begreppen delaktighet och inflytande i förskolan? På vilka sätt arbetar förskollärare med barns delaktighet och inflytande i förskolan? Vilket förhållningssätt anser förskollärarna är viktigt att ha i arbetet med barns delaktighet och inflytande? Studien genomfördes med halvstrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer. Deltagarna bestod av fem yrkesverksamma förskollärare, på förskolor i tre olika kommuner i Sverige. Tidigare forskning inom området visar att det inte finns en konkret definition på vad delaktighet och inflytande innebär i förhållande till barn. Forskning har dessutom visat att förskollärare kan känna en osäkerhet kring hur mycket inflytande ett barn i förskoleåldern klarar av, medan andra hävdar att alla oavsett ålder ska få utöva sina rättigheter kring delaktighet och inflytande i ett demokratiskt samhälle. I denna studie framkom det att förskollärare uppfattar begreppet delaktighet genom att barn och vuxna skapar något tillsammans, är involverade och får ta del av verksamhetens innehåll. Att barn får möjlighet att påverka sin vardag. Vidare visar resultatet att förskollärarna tolkar begreppet inflytande som möjlighet för barn att kunna påverka och argumentera för en förändring eller förbättring i förskolan. En av slutsatserna som kan dras i denna studie är att barn ska möta lyhörda förskollärare för att kunna utöva sina rättigheter kring delaktighet och inflytande

kokemuksia toimintaryhmätyöstä ohjelmakaudella 2007-2013

Tutkimuksessa on tarkasteltu toimintaryhmätyön eli Leader - toiminnan ohjelmakauden 2007–2013 tilaa. Tutkimustehtävänä on ollut selvittää miten toimintaryhmätoimijat kokevat ohjelmakauden alussa tapahtuneen Leader - ohjelman hallinnollisen muutoksen, jolloin Leader vietiin Manner-Suomen maaseudun kehittämisohjelmaan niin sanotuksi neljänneksi toimintalinjaksi. Kolmella edellisellä ohjelmakaudella Leader oli oma itsenäinen ohjelmansa. Tutkimuksen näkökulman taustalla on ajatus viime vuosina tapahtuneesta hallinnollisesta muutoksesta, jota kuvataan termillä hallinnosta hallintaan (from governing to governance). Tätä 1980 – luvulla syntynyttä julkishallinnon uudistusliikettä nimitetään myös uudeksi hallinnaksi. Hallinta viittaa länsimaisten valtarakenteiden muutokseen hierarkkisesta, julkishallintokeskeisestä hallitsemisesta kohti hajautettua, verkostomaista monitoimijamallia. Vastuu on julkiselta sektorilta siirtynyt paikalliselle tasolle. Tutkimusaineiston muodostavat toimintaryhmätoimijoiden haastatteluvastaukset, jotka on kerätty kahdessa erillisessä seminaarissa. Haastatteluissa toimijoilta on kysytty heidän kokemuksiaan toimintaryhmätyön tilasta kahden ydinteeman avulla. Ensimmäinen koski niitä ongelmia, joita toiminnassa koetaan ja toinen puolestaan kartoitti toimijoiden ehdottamia ratkaisuja koettuihin ongelmiin. Analyysimenetelmänä on käytetty diskurssianalyysia, jonka avulla on pyritty tunnistamaan ne keskeiset ongelmat ja ratkaisut, joita aineistossa esiintyy. Aineistosta käy ilmi, että toimijat kokevat byrokratian lisääntyneen nykyisellä ohjelmakaudella. Byrokratia merkitsee ristiriitaa suhteessa paikallisuutta korostavalle maaseudun kehittämistyölle: sen koetaan karsivan kehittämishankkeita ja näin se vaikuttaa myös alueen elinvoimaisuuteen. Keskeisimpänä tutkimustuloksena voidaan todeta, ettei Leaderin viemistä osaksi Manner-Suomen maaseudun kehittämisohjelmaa koeta hyväksi ratkaisuksi. Erityisiä ongelmia nykyisestä Leaderin hallintomallista koituu metodisille periaatteille, joista ankarimmin kärsii alhaalta ylös nouseva paikallisuuden eetos

Association of respiratory syncytial virus infection with asthma and atopic allergy

Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection may be associated with the development of asthma and atopy. The aim of the present study was to investigate this association and the related immunological mechanisms. Seventy-six children admitted to Oulu University Hospital in 1991–1994 for an RSV infection at an age of less than 12 months and healthy controls were called for a visit at the age of 6–10 years. Twenty subjects (26%) had asthma compared with 12 controls (16%) (difference 11%, 95% confidence interval (CI) –3% to 24%). Asthma had been diagnosed significantly earlier in the subjects. Eight per cent of the subjects had at least one positive skin prick test as compared with 43% of the controls (difference –35%, 95% CI –50% to –19%). Serum concentrations of interferon-γ and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule -1 were significantly higher among the subjects than among the controls and among the subjects with asthma or current wheezing than among the corresponding controls. All children born in Finland in 1986–1995 were arranged in birth cohorts by month and year of birth and grouped by exposure to an RSV epidemic at age 0–6 months, resulting in 97 exposed and 23 unexposed cohorts. The proportions of children taking asthma medication or receiving special reimbursement for asthma medication in 1995–2002 were similar in the unexposed and exposed cohorts. Altogether 47 children born between August and November 2001 with a cord blood sample taken were admitted to hospital (n = 26) or seen in an outpatient department (n = 21) for RSV infection before the age of six months. Twenty-eight children had some other respiratory viral infection and 84 children formed a group of healthy controls. High scores on a factor combining the cord blood interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 responses (as derived by factor analysis) were shown in logistic regression analysis to predict hospitalization for RSV infection by comparison with the healthy controls (odds ratio 2.29, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.33). We suggest that RSV does not induce asthma but inborn features of immunity affect the severity of RSV infection and the postinfectious development of asthma

Late effects and survival of children with malignant solid tumours in northern Finland:a single-centre cohort study

Abstract The global survival rates for childhood cancers are high: approximately 80% of affected children will survive. Nevertheless, the burden of treatment for survivors is also high as three-quarters experience late effects of varying severity following cancer treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the treatment-related late effects of patients with childhood solid tumour in northern Finland and to report their survival rates. Our study included 104 patients treated for malignant solid tumours, excluding central nervous system tumours and lymphomas, between 1990 and 2015. Information regarding the type of late effects as well as other clinical data were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Late effects were observed in 65 (63%) patients, and almost half (40%) of the patients displayed more than one late effect. The most common late effect was hearing loss (n = 20). The 5-year survival rate in our study was 75%. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of long-term follow-up for childhood cancer survivors. As survivors age and survival rates improve, late effects and their impact on patient health as well as the value of surveillance must be considered

Kotimaista valkuaista herneestä : KOVAHERNE 2002-2004

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Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: A Retrospective Study on 575 Patients Analyzing the Impact of Splenectomy, Stem Cell Transplantation, or No Definitive Treatment on Frequency of Disease-Related Complications and Physician-Perceived Quality of Life

58th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American-Society-of-Hematology (ASH) -- DEC 03-06, 2016 -- San Diego, CAWOS: 000394446800159Amer Soc HematolGSKGlaxoSmithKlineAlbert: GSK: Research Funding