Absolute quantification of a plasma tRNA-derived fragment for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer

BackgroundThe transition from a healthy gastric mucosa to gastric cancer is a multi-step process. Early screening can significantly improve the survival rate of gastric cancer patients. A reliable liquid biopsy for gastric cancer prediction is urgently needed and since tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are abundant in various body fluids, tRFs are possible new biomarkers for gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 438 plasma samples from patients with different gastric mucosal lesions as well as healthy individuals were collected. A specific reverse transcription primer, a forward primer, a reverse primer, and a TaqMan probe were designed. A standard curve was constructed and an absolute quantitation method was devised for detection of tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP in plasma samples of individuals with differing gastric mucosa lesions. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic values of tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP for individual with differing gastric mucosa. A Kaplan–Meier curve was established to calculate the prognostic value of tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP for advanced gastric cancer patients. Finally, a multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the independent prognostic value of tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP for advanced gastric cancer patients.ResultsA detection method for plasma tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP was successfully established. Levels of plasma tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP were shown to reflect a gradient change from healthy individuals to gastritis patients to early and advanced gastric cancer patients. Significant differences were found among individuals with differing gastric mucosa, with reduced levels of tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP significantly related to a poor prognosis. tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP was found to be an independent predictor of an unfavorable survival outcome.ConclusionsIn this study, we developed a quantitative detection method for plasma tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP that exhibited hypersensitivity, convenience, and specificity. Detection of tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP was found to be a valuable means by which to monitor different gastric mucosa and to predict patient prognosis

The relationship between anesthesia and melatonin: a review

Introduction: This comprehensive review delves into the intricate and multifaceted relationship between anesthesia and melatonin, aiming to provide essential insights for perioperative clinical anesthesiologists and stimulate interest in related research. Anesthesia and surgery have the potential to disrupt melatonin secretion, leading to sleep disorders, postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction and other symptoms. In comparison to previous reviews, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the various aspects linking melatonin and anesthesia, going beyond isolated perspectives. It explores the potential benefits of administering melatonin during the perioperative period, including alleviating anxiety, reducing pain, enhancing perioperative sleep quality, as well as demonstrating immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects, potentially offering significant advantages for cancer surgery patients.Recent Findings: Anesthesia and surgery have a significant impact on melatonin secretion, the hormone crucial for maintaining circadian rhythms. These procedures disrupt the normal secretion of melatonin, leading to various adverse effects such as sleep disturbances, pain, and postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction. However, the administration of exogenous melatonin during the perioperative period has yielded promising results. It has been observed that perioperative melatonin supplementation can effectively reduce anxiety levels, improve pain management, enhance the quality of perioperative sleep, and potentially decrease the occurrence of postoperative delirium. In recent years, studies have found that melatonin has the potential to improve immune function and exhibit anti-cancer effects, further underscoring its potential advantages for patients undergoing cancer surgery.Summary: In summary, melatonin can serve as an adjuvant drug for anesthesia during the perioperative period. Its administration has demonstrated numerous positive effects, including anti-anxiety properties, sedation, analgesia, improved postoperative sleep, and the potential to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium. Furthermore, its immune-modulating and anti-tumor effects make it particularly valuable for cancer surgery patients. However, further studies are required to determine the optimal dosage, long-term safety, and potential adverse reactions associated with melatonin administration

Evaluation the Impact of Obesity and Different Metabolic Status on the Prognosis of Hospitalized Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cohort Study.

Introduction: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whereas not all obesity individuals have the same effect. In individuals with obesity, the role of metabolic status in the readmission of IBD remains unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between different obesity metabolic phenotypes and the prognosis of IBD patients. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study using Nationwide Readmission Database (2018 sample). Out of 12,928,231 discharge records, 63,748 records with a discharge diagnosis of IBD were identified for analysis. Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated adjusting for potential confounders. Results: During 180-day follow-up in IBD patients with different obesity metabolic phenotypes, all-cause readmission rate, inpatient mortality rate, unplanned readmission rate, total charge, hospitalized length of stay were statistical different (all P<0.001). After multivariate Cox regression analysis, IBD patients with metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUNO) had higher risk of readmission (all-cause and unplanned) (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.08 and HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10), and that with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) had higher risk of unplanned readmission (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.15). In subgroup analysis, both MUNO group and MUO group had higher risk of readmission (all-cause and unplanned) in UC subgroup; but only MUNO group had higher risk of readmission (all-cause and unplanned) (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.10 and HR 1.06, 95%CI 1.01-1.12) in CD subgroup. Conclusion: Metabolic abnormalities were associated with an increased risk of readmission in patients with IBD, regardless of obesity

An analysis of neurovascular disease markers in the hippocampus of Tupaia chinensis at different growth stages

IntroductionIt is considered that Tupaia chinensis can replace laboratory primates in the study of nervous system diseases. To date, however, protein expression in the brain of Tupaia chinensis has not been fully understood.MethodThree age groups of T. chinensis-15 days, 3 months and 1.5 years—were selected to study their hippocampal protein expression profiles.ResultsA significant difference was observed between the 15-day group and the other two age groups, where as there were no significant differences between the 3-month and 1.5-year age groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that differentially expressed proteins could be enriched in several pathways related to neurovascular diseases, such as metabolic pathways for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other diseases. The KEGG enrichment also showed that relevant protein involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the hippocampus of T. chinensis for 15days were downregulated, and ribosomal proteins (RPs) were upregulated, compared to those in the hippocampus of the other two age groups.DiscussionIt was suggested that when the hippocampus of T. chinensis developed from day 15 to 3 months, the expression of oxidatively phosphorylated proteins and RPs would vary over time. Meanwhile, the hippocamppal protein expression profile of T. chinensis after 3 months had become stable. Moreover, the study underlines that, during the early development of the hippocampus of T. chinensis, energy demand increases while protein synthesis decreases. The mitochondria of T. chinensis changes with age, and the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway of mitochondria is closely related to neurovascular diseases, such as stroke and cerebral ischemia

Evaluation of six satellite-based terrestrial latent heat flux products in the vegetation dominated Haihe river basin of north China

In this study, six satellite-based terrestrial latent heat flux (LE) products were evaluated in the vegetation dominated Haihe River basin of North China. These LE products include Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) LE product, FLUXCOM LE product, Penman-Monteith-Leuning V2 (PML_V2) LE product, Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model datasets (GLEAM) LE product, Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS) LE product, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (MOD16) LE product. Eddy covariance (EC) data collected from six flux tower sites and water balance method derived evapotranspiration (WBET) were used to evaluate these LE products at site and basin scales. The results indicated that all six LE products were able to capture the seasonal cycle of LE in comparison to EC observations. At site scale, GLASS LE product showed the highest coefficients of determination (R2) (0.58, p 2), followed by FLUXCOM and PML products. At basin scale, the LE estimates from GLASS product provided comparable performance (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 18.8 mm) against WBET, compared with other LE products. Additionally, there was similar spatiotemporal variability of estimated LE from the six LE products. This study provides a vital basis for choosing LE datasets to assess regional water budget

Prevalence of porcine circovirus-like agent P1 in Jiangsu, China

Recently, we identified a novel porcine circovirus type 2-like agent P1 isolate from swine. The present study represents the first survey of P1 prevalence in swine herds from Jiangsu, China, by using PCR targeting the complete genome of P1. Prevalences of 50% and 19% were found among 6 herds and 248 animals, respectively. The results indicate a high prevalence of P1 in China pig populations

Icariin reduces cognitive dysfunction induced by surgical trauma in aged rats by inhibiting hippocampal neuroinflammation

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postsurgical complication in elderly individuals, significantly impacting the quality of life of patients; however, there is currently no effective clinical treatment for POCD. Recent studies have shown that Icariin (ICA) has antiaging effects and improves cognitive function, but its effect in POCD has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the influence of ICA on cognitive function and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in a POCD rat model. We found that ICA reduced surgery-induced memory impairment, decreased hippocampal inflammatory responses, ameliorated neuronal injury in the hippocampus and inhibited microglial activation. In addition, we also observed that ICA inhibited activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, our research suggest that ICA can ameliorate surgery-induced memory impairment and that the improvements resulting from administration of ICA may be associated with inhibition of hippocampal neuroinflammation. Our research findings also provide insight into potential therapeutic targets and methods for POCD