Myeloid cell-derived LL-37 promotes lung cancer growth by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Rationale: Antimicrobial peptides, such as cathelicidin LL-37/hCAP-18, are important effectors of the innate immune system with direct antibacterial activity. In addition, LL-37 is involved in the regulation of tumor cell growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of LL-37 in promoting lung cancer are not fully understood. Methods: The expression of LL-37 in the tissues and sera of patients with non-small cell lung cancer was determined through immunohistological, immunofluorescence analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The animal model of wild-type and Cramp knockout mice was employed to evaluate the tumorigenic effect of LL-37 in non-small cell lung cancer. The mechanism of LL-37 involving in the promotion of lung tumor growth was evaluated via microarray analyses, recombinant protein treatment approaches in vitro, tumor immunohistochemical assays, and intervention studies in vivo. Results: LL-37 produced by myeloid cells was frequently upregulated in primary human lung cancer tissues. Moreover, its expression level correlated with poor clinical outcome. LL-37 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inducing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and subsequent phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β mediated by the toll-like receptor-4 expressed in lung tumor cells. LL-37 treatment of tumor cells also decreased the levels of Axin2. In contrast, it elevated those of an RNA-binding protein (tristetraprolin), which may be involved in the mechanism through which LL-37 induces activation of Wnt/β-catenin. Conclusion: LL-37 may be a critical molecular link between tumor-supportive immune cells and tumors, facilitating the progression of lung cancer

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid-Derived Exosomes: A Novel Role Contributing to Lung Cancer Growth

Exosomes are nanovesicles produced by a number of different cell types and regarded as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Although bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been shown to be involved in the development of tumors, its role in lung cancer (LC) remains unclear. In this article, we systemically studied BALF-derived exosomes in LC. C57BL/6 mice were injected with Lewis lung carcinoma cells and exposed to non-typeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi) lysate. The analysis showed that the growth of lung tumors in these mice was significantly enhanced compared with the control cohort (only exposure to air). Characterization of the exosomes derived from mouse BALF demonstrated elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in mice exposed to NTHi lysates. Furthermore, abnormal BALF-derived exosomes facilitated the development of LC in vitro and in vivo. The internalization of the BALF-derived exosomes contributed to the development of LC tumors. Collectively, our data demonstrated that exosomes in BALF are a key factor involved in the growth and progression of lung cancer

Industrial Relations Experiments in China: Balancing Equity and Efficiency the Chinese Way

China should build socialism by "crossing the river by feeling for stones" (Deng Xiaoping). Chinese industrial relations are changing accordingly. Local union experiments have implemented local-level changes experimenting with institutional reforms that address efficiency and equity imbalances. Local union leaders have exercised autonomy to develop multi-employer “community unions” in Changchun’s Chaoyang District to represent peasant migrant workers employed by small firms by targeting small geographic zones and hiring union presidents as organizers, aggregating union members into amalgamated units. While the union’s role still includes social harmonization, unions have undertaken an additional representative role. Similar efforts elsewhere have given the union representation experience. Unions have organized multi-employer federations across industries. Unions also have collaborated with local governments on innovative structures to ensure that companies in some industries, such as construction, post a “bond” to guarantee end-of-year compensation. Finally, this paper discusses the role of the new Labor Contract Law in institutionalizing these changes. The LCL defines more precisely employment relationships and workers’ legal rights and seems to increase unions’ legal authority to ensure that employers respect individual workers’ rights, supports the extension of collective contracts to more enterprises, and appears to give unions greater authority to represent workers within the employment relationship and before legal authorities. These changes may provide a material basis for balancing efficiency with equity. We think these experiments have political foundations, whether it is “harmonious society” or simply to extend the union’s organizing maintain political status. Further research will determine whether these experiments are successful

Evaluation of the market acceptance of vehicles with Random Forest

At present, in order to minimize the risk of automobile sales and maximize the sales profit, various machine learning algorithms are widely used to predict the market acceptance of a car. This paper proposes to use the stochastic forest algorithm, an integrated learning algorithm, to model the characteristics of vehicles, predict the market acceptance of vehicles, and use the Gini importance index to evaluate the characteristics that have the greatest impact on the market acceptance of vehicles. The research of this paper can be divided into the following points: The random forest algorithm is used to model the characteristics of the automobile, and the probability distribution of the automobile market acceptance is obtained, so as to predict the automobile market acceptance. The regression model is established, and the Gini importance index, an important parameter in the random forest model, is used as the standard to evaluate the characteristics that have the greatest impact on the market acceptance of a car. According to the experimental results, the prediction accuracy of random forest prediction model is 98%, which is higher than other machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine. In addition, through the quantitative analysis of Gini importance index of different vehicle characteristics, we can finally conclude that safety has the greatest impact on vehicle market acceptance

Comparison of read and write latency of Level DB after modification.

Comparison of read and write latency of Level DB after modification.</p

Comparison of read and write latency of Level DB before modification.

Comparison of read and write latency of Level DB before modification.</p

Off-chain Level DB storage model architecture diagram.

Off-chain Level DB storage model architecture diagram.</p

Attribute fields contained in Super Block.

In order to foster a modern economic system and facilitate high-quality economic development, it is crucial to establish a conducive business environment. Undoubtedly, the evaluation of the business environment for enterprises constitutes a prominent area of research. Nevertheless, ensuring the authenticity and security of the raw data sources provided by participating enterprises poses a challenge, thereby compromising the accuracy of the evaluation. To tackle this issue, an enterprise composite blockchain construction method for business environment is proposed in this paper, which stores the raw data of enterprises by the means of hybrid on-chain and off-chain. Initially, the enhanced hash function SHA256 is introduced to encrypt the raw data of enterprises. The encrypted data is subsequently stored in an off-chain Level DB database, which is based on non-volatile memory. This approach effectively alleviates the burden on communication and storage. Secondly, a composite storage strategy on-chain is adopted: the key values from the Level DB are stored in the DAG-based Conflux public blockchain, while the enterprise state data is stored in the consortium blockchain, so as to provide trusted evidence of business environment evaluation data. Finally, it is demonstrated through a large number of experimental comparisons that the enterprise composite blockchain construction method proposed in this paper exhibits better read and write performance, lower storage efficiency and storage overhead, and outperforms both the before-improved Level DB database and existing blockchain storage models.</div

Conflux public blockchain architecture diagram.

In order to foster a modern economic system and facilitate high-quality economic development, it is crucial to establish a conducive business environment. Undoubtedly, the evaluation of the business environment for enterprises constitutes a prominent area of research. Nevertheless, ensuring the authenticity and security of the raw data sources provided by participating enterprises poses a challenge, thereby compromising the accuracy of the evaluation. To tackle this issue, an enterprise composite blockchain construction method for business environment is proposed in this paper, which stores the raw data of enterprises by the means of hybrid on-chain and off-chain. Initially, the enhanced hash function SHA256 is introduced to encrypt the raw data of enterprises. The encrypted data is subsequently stored in an off-chain Level DB database, which is based on non-volatile memory. This approach effectively alleviates the burden on communication and storage. Secondly, a composite storage strategy on-chain is adopted: the key values from the Level DB are stored in the DAG-based Conflux public blockchain, while the enterprise state data is stored in the consortium blockchain, so as to provide trusted evidence of business environment evaluation data. Finally, it is demonstrated through a large number of experimental comparisons that the enterprise composite blockchain construction method proposed in this paper exhibits better read and write performance, lower storage efficiency and storage overhead, and outperforms both the before-improved Level DB database and existing blockchain storage models.</div

Symbols and their meanings.

In order to foster a modern economic system and facilitate high-quality economic development, it is crucial to establish a conducive business environment. Undoubtedly, the evaluation of the business environment for enterprises constitutes a prominent area of research. Nevertheless, ensuring the authenticity and security of the raw data sources provided by participating enterprises poses a challenge, thereby compromising the accuracy of the evaluation. To tackle this issue, an enterprise composite blockchain construction method for business environment is proposed in this paper, which stores the raw data of enterprises by the means of hybrid on-chain and off-chain. Initially, the enhanced hash function SHA256 is introduced to encrypt the raw data of enterprises. The encrypted data is subsequently stored in an off-chain Level DB database, which is based on non-volatile memory. This approach effectively alleviates the burden on communication and storage. Secondly, a composite storage strategy on-chain is adopted: the key values from the Level DB are stored in the DAG-based Conflux public blockchain, while the enterprise state data is stored in the consortium blockchain, so as to provide trusted evidence of business environment evaluation data. Finally, it is demonstrated through a large number of experimental comparisons that the enterprise composite blockchain construction method proposed in this paper exhibits better read and write performance, lower storage efficiency and storage overhead, and outperforms both the before-improved Level DB database and existing blockchain storage models.</div