The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016 (J-SSCG 2016)

Background and purposeThe Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016 (J-SSCG 2016), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in February 2017 and published in the Journal of JSICM, [2017; Volume 24 (supplement 2)] https://doi.org/10.3918/jsicm.24S0001 and Journal of Japanese Association for Acute Medicine [2017; Volume 28, (supplement 1)] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jja2.2017.28.issue-S1/issuetoc.This abridged English edition of the J-SSCG 2016 was produced with permission from the Japanese Association of Acute Medicine and the Japanese Society for Intensive Care Medicine.MethodsMembers of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine were selected and organized into 19 committee members and 52 working group members. The guidelines were prepared in accordance with the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (Minds) creation procedures. The Academic Guidelines Promotion Team was organized to oversee and provide academic support to the respective activities allocated to each Guideline Creation Team. To improve quality assurance and workflow transparency, a mutual peer review system was established, and discussions within each team were open to the public. Public comments were collected once after the initial formulation of a clinical question (CQ) and twice during the review of the final draft. Recommendations were determined to have been adopted after obtaining support from a two-thirds (> 66.6%) majority vote of each of the 19 committee members.ResultsA total of 87 CQs were selected among 19 clinical areas, including pediatric topics and several other important areas not covered in the first edition of the Japanese guidelines (J-SSCG 2012). The approval rate obtained through committee voting, in addition to ratings of the strengths of the recommendation, and its supporting evidence were also added to each recommendation statement. We conducted meta-analyses for 29 CQs. Thirty-seven CQs contained recommendations in the form of an expert consensus due to insufficient evidence. No recommendations were provided for five CQs.ConclusionsBased on the evidence gathered, we were able to formulate Japanese-specific clinical practice guidelines that are tailored to the Japanese context in a highly transparent manner. These guidelines can easily be used not only by specialists, but also by non-specialists, general clinicians, nurses, pharmacists, clinical engineers, and other healthcare professionals

タコウシツ シリコンジョウ エノ キンゾク セキシュツ キョドウ ノ ハアク ト セイギョ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(エネルギー科学)甲第10979号エネ博第90号新制||エネ||25(附属図書館)UT51-2004-G826京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー基礎科学専攻(主査)教授 尾形 幸生, 教授 伊藤 靖彦, 教授 片桐 晃学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Energy ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Electrochemically assisted localized etching of ZnO single crystals in water using a catalytically active Pt-coated atomic force microscopy probe

This paper presents a nanofabrication technique based on the electrochemically assisted chemical dissolution of zinc oxide (ZnO) single crystals in water at room temperature using a catalytically active Pt-coated atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe. Fabricated grooves featured depths and widths of several tens and several hundreds of nanometers, respectively. The material removal rate of ZnO was dramatically improved by controlling the formation of hydrogen ions (H+) on the surface of the catalytic Pt-coated probe via oxidation of H2O molecules; this reaction can be enhanced by applying a cathodic potential to an additional Pt-wire working electrode in a three-electrode configuration. Consequently, ZnO can be dissolved chemically in water as a soluble Zn2+ species via a reaction with H+ species present in high concentrations in the immediate vicinity of the AFM tip apex

Solid state tungsten oxide hydrate/tin oxide hydrate electrochromic device prepared by electrochemical reactions

The solid state electrochromic device composed of tungsten oxide hydrate (WO3(H2O)0.33) and tin oxide hydrate (Sn(O,OH)) has been constructed by anodic deposition of WO3(H2O)0.33 and Sn(O,OH) layers and showed the color change from clear to blue by applying voltage through an Au electrode

Effects of the Morphology of Chemically Deposited Zn(O,S) Buffer Layers on the Performance Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cell

AbstractZinc sulfide oxide Zn(O,S) buffer layers were prepared by a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, and the effects of the deposition time on the structure and performance of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells were investigated by structural, optical and electrical characterizations. The CBD deposition time affected the thickness and morphology of the Zn(O,S) layer, and the thickness and surface roughness decreased by decreasing the deposition time. The conversion efficiency of 15.5% has been obtained for the CIGS solar cells with the Zn(O,S) buffer layer prepared under optimized condition

Photon-Assisted Electrodeposition of <0001>-n-ZnO/<111>-p-Cu 2 O Photovoltaic Devices with TiO 2 Intermediate Layer

Abstract. The <111>-Cu 2 O/<0001>-ZnO photovoltaic (PV) device has been constructed by a electrodeposition f Cu 2 O layer followed by a photon-assisted electrochemical reaction in aqueous solutions, and the effect of the insertion of the TiO 2 layer prepared by a sol-gel technique on the photovoltaic performance was investigated. The structural, optical, and electrical characterizations were carried out with XRD, FE-SEM, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, and solar simulator. The performance of AZO/<0001>-ZnO/TiO 2 /<111>-Cu 2 O PV-devices changed depending on the preparation condition for the TiO 2 layer, and the short-circuit current density of 4.86 mAcm -2 has been obtained for the PV device prepared under optimized condition. Introduction A photovoltaic device composed of p-Cu 2 O and n-ZnO semiconductors has received broad attention as a candidate of the next generation thin film solar cell, because of the nontoxicity, abundance, theoretical conversion efficiency of around 18

Transient stability analysis of wind generator system with the consideration of multi-mass shaft model

In order to investigate the impacts of the integration of wind farms into utilities networks, it is necessary to analyze the transient characteristic of wind power generation system (WPGS). In most of the cases, it is seen that the simple one-mass lumped model is considered for transient stability analysis of wind generator. But for the sake of exact analysis of transient stability of WPGS, it is needed to consider multi-mass shaft system model. In this study a detailed analysis has been done with the consideration of two-mass shaft system model of wind generator system when a severe network disturbance occurs in power system. Moreover, an online logical pitch controller has been proposed, which can enhance the transient performance of WPGS as well as maintain output power of wind generator at rated level when wind speed is above the rated speed. © 2005 IEEE

Transient stability analysis of grid connected wind turbine generator system considering multi-mass shaft modeling

In order to investigate the impacts of the integration of wind farms into utilities networks, it is necessary to analyze the transient characteristic of wind turbine generator system (WTGS). In most of the cases, the simple one mass lumped model is considered for stability analysis of wind generator. It is not analyzed yet which order shaft model is sufficient for transient stability analysis of WTGS. In this study, a detailed transient analysis has been done with the consideration of two mass and three mass shaft models of WTGS. Finally, it is concluded that two mass shaft model is sufficient enough for transient stability analysis of grid connected WTGS. Copyright © Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Hybrid ZnO/Phthalocyanine Photovoltaic Device with Highly Resistive ZnO Intermediate Layer

We report a hybrid photovoltaic device composed of a 3.3 eV bandgap zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductor and metal-free phthalocyanine layers and the effects of the insertion of the highly resistive ZnO buffer layer on the electrical characteristics of the rectification feature and photovoltaic performance. The hybrid photovoltaic devices have been constructed by electrodeposition of the 300 nm thick ZnO layer in a simple zinc nitrate aqueous solution followed by vacuum evaporation of 50–400 nm thick-phthalocyanine layers. The ZnO layers with the resistivity of 1.8 × 10³ and 1 × 10⁸ Ω cm were prepared by adjusting the cathodic current density and were installed into the hybrid photovoltaic devices as the n-type and buffer layer, respectively. The phthalocyanine layers with the characteristic monoclinic lattice showed a characteristic optical absorption feature regardless of the thickness, but the preferred orientation changed depending on the thickness. The ZnO buffer-free hybrid 50 nm thick phthalocyanine/n-ZnO photovoltaic device showed a rectification feature but possessed a poor photovoltaic performance with a conversion efficiency of 7.5 × 10^–7 %, open circuit voltage of 0.041 V, and short circuit current density of 8.0 × 10^–5 mA cm^–2. The insertion of the ZnO buffer layer between the n-ZnO and phthalocyanine layers induced improvements in both the rectification feature and photovoltaic performance. The excellent rectification feature with a rectification ratio of 3188 and ideally factor of 1.29 was obtained for the hybrid 200 nm thick phthalocyanine/ZnO buffer/n-ZnO photovoltaic device, and the hybrid photovoltaic device possessed an improved photovoltaic performance with the conversion efficiency of 0.0016%, open circuit voltage of 0.31 V, and short circuit current density of 0.015 mA cm^–2