Transformation numérique de l’enseignement de la phonétique du FLE : Etude de cas de l’Institut de Diplomatie de Chine

La transition de l’enseignement traditionnel à l’enseignement numérique semble être une tendance irréversible. Cependant, la plupart des chercheurs se concentrent uniquement sur les perspectives de ce processus et font des prédictions audacieuses. En réalité, la transformation numérique rencontre encore de nombreux défis, tels que les limites en termes d’infrastructure, de formation et de ressources. Nous avons analysé dans ce présent article, en prenant l’exemple de l’enseignement de la phonétique du FLE, comment de nouveaux modèles d’enseignement en ligne ont remplacé les approches d’enseignement traditionnelles après l’apparition soudaine de la pandémie de COVID-19 en 2020. Nous avons évalué l’efficacité de l’enseignement en ligne, résumé les expériences réussies de transformation numérique, repéré les problèmes rencontrés au cours du processus et proposé des solutions possibles.L’enseignement des langues, par rapport aux matières STEM, met davantage d’accent sur l’interaction en face-à-face. Les plateformes et applications d’enseignement numérique existantes ne conviennent pas à l’enseignement des langues, ce qui peut être considéré comme le plus grand obstacle à la transformation numérique de l’éducation. Les enseignants et les étudiants peuvent également rencontrer des difficultés en termes de compétences en technologie de l’information, ce qui rend difficile la maîtrise complète et l’utilisation efficace des approches d’enseignement numérique existantes. Bien que l’on dise que nous sommes entrés dans l’ère de l’intelligence artificielle, nous sommes encore loin de profiter pleinement des avantages qu’elle apporte

Caractéristiques, lacunes et voie de développement du système discursif international de la Chine

La construction du système discursif international de la Chine est un concept relativement nouveau, mais sa place dans le développement de la Chine elle est extrêmement importante. Ce concept est devenu une politique nationale ayant pour objectif de former un droit de parole qui correspond à la puissance globale et au statut international de la Chine. Par conséquent, la caractéristique fondamentale du système discursif international de la Chine est la conception globalisée. Le concept du système discursif international est né dans une période où le monde traverse des transformations majeures jamais connues depuis un siècle. La montée en puissance de la Chine l’a mise sous les feux de la rampe de l’opinion publique mondiale, ce qui place souvent le pays dans une position désavantageuse lorsqu’il est confronté au système discursif dominant, qui est depuis longtemps dominé par les États-Unis. Par conséquent, la construction du système discursif international constitue une tâche urgente pour la Chine. Cependant, les lacunes de la Chine à cet égard sont évidentes, car on se trouve encore à une phase où l’image de la Chine est façonnée principalement par les récits des médias occidentaux. Dans cet article, nous avons résumé les caractéristiques du système discursif international de la Chine, analysé les lacunes existantes et proposé des contre-mesures possibles, dans l’espoir de faire un bilan de ce projet à long terme et de servir de référence pour le développement de ce système à l’avenir

Superior thermal conductivity and extremely high mechanical strength in polyethylene chains from {\it ab initio} calculation

The upper limit of the thermal conductivity and the mechanical strength are predicted for the polyethylene chain, by performing the {\it ab initio} calculation and applying the quantum mechanical non-equilibrium Green's function approach. Specially, there are two main findings from our calculation: (1). the thermal conductivity can reach a high value of 310 W/K/m in a 100 nm polyethylene chain at room temperature; (2). the Young's modulus in the polyethylene chain is as high as 374.5 GPa, and the polyethylene chain can sustain $32.85$ (ultimate) strain before undergoing structural phase transition into gaseous ethylene.Comment: published in J. Appl. Phys. (2012

A comparative study of two molecular mechanics models based on harmonic potentials

We show that the two molecular mechanics models, the stick-spiral and the beam models, predict considerably different mechanical properties of materials based on energy equivalence. The difference between the two models is independent of the materials since all parameters of the beam model are obtained from the harmonic potentials. We demonstrate this difference for finite width graphene nanoribbons and a single polyethylene chain comparing results of the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with harmonic potentials and the finite element method with the beam model. We also find that the difference strongly depends on the loading modes, chirality and width of the graphene nanoribbons, and it increases with decreasing width of the nanoribbons under pure bending condition. The maximum difference of the predicted mechanical properties using the two models can exceed 300% in different loading modes. Comparing the two models with the MD results of AIREBO potential, we find that the stick-spiral model overestimates and the beam model underestimates the mechanical properties in narrow armchair graphene nanoribbons under pure bending condition.Comment: 40 pages, 21 figure

Interfacial thermal conductance in graphene/black phosphorus heterogeneous structures

Graphene, as a passivation layer, can be used to protect the black phosphorus from the chemical reaction with surrounding oxygen and water. However, black phosphorus and graphene heterostructures have low efficiency of heat dissipation due to its intrinsic high thermal resistance at the interfaces. The accumulated energy from Joule heat has to be removed efficiently to avoid the malfunction of the devices. Therefore, it is of significance to investigate the interfacial thermal dissipation properties and manipulate the properties by interfacial engineering on demand. In this work, the interfacial thermal conductance between few-layer black phosphorus and graphene is studied extensively using molecular dynamics simulations. Two critical parameters, the critical power Pcr to maintain thermal stability and the maximum heat power density Pmax with which the system can be loaded, are identified. Our results show that interfacial thermal conductance can be effectively tuned in a wide range with external strains and interracial defects. The compressive strain can enhance the interfacial thermal conductance by one order of magnitude, while interface defects give a two-fold increase. These findings could provide guidelines in heat dissipation and interfacial engineering for thermal conductance manipulation of black phosphorus-graphene heterostructure-based devices.Comment: 33 pages, 22 figure

From Capture to Display: A Survey on Volumetric Video

Volumetric video, which offers immersive viewing experiences, is gaining increasing prominence. With its six degrees of freedom, it provides viewers with greater immersion and interactivity compared to traditional videos. Despite their potential, volumetric video services poses significant challenges. This survey conducts a comprehensive review of the existing literature on volumetric video. We firstly provide a general framework of volumetric video services, followed by a discussion on prerequisites for volumetric video, encompassing representations, open datasets, and quality assessment metrics. Then we delve into the current methodologies for each stage of the volumetric video service pipeline, detailing capturing, compression, transmission, rendering, and display techniques. Lastly, we explore various applications enabled by this pioneering technology and we present an array of research challenges and opportunities in the domain of volumetric video services. This survey aspires to provide a holistic understanding of this burgeoning field and shed light on potential future research trajectories, aiming to bring the vision of volumetric video to fruition.Comment: Submitte

Salinity Stress in Arid and Semi-Arid Climates: Effects and Management in Field Crops

Salinity stress is one of the most vital abiotic stresses which results in significant damages of agricultural production, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. Salinity causes by high accumulation of soluble salt, especially NaCl in soil and water. Salinity hampers the growth and survival of many field crops such as rice, wheat, maize, cotton, sugarcane, and sorghum. It affects the plant growth by three ways such as osmotic stress linked with an increase of phytotoxic ions, ionic stress e in the cytosol, and oxidative stress facilitated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These stresses caused by salinity hinder the water uptake, causes ion imbalance, ROS production, and hormonal imbalance, and results in the decline of photosynthesis activities reduce the plant growth and final yield. However, the sensitivity of field crops depends on the nature of cultivar and growth stages. There are many strategies to cope with salinity stress which are the development of salinity tolerant crop cultivators by using genetic and molecular techniques such as QTLs and CRISPR CAS9 technique, nutrients management strategies, use of hormones regulators (AVG, 1-MCP, D-31). This chapter will give a brief idea to the scientist to understand the effects of salinity on field crops and their management strategies

Immunoproteomic analysis of outer membrane proteins and extracellular proteins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae JL03 serotype 3

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae </it>is the causative agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory infection in pigs, and all the 15 serotypes are able to cause disease. Current vaccines including subunit vaccines could not provide satisfactory protection against <it>A. pleuropneumoniae</it>. In this study, the immunoproteomic approach was applied to the analysis of extracellular and outer membrane proteins of <it>A. pleuropneumoniae </it>JL03 serotype 3 for the identification of novel immunogenic proteins for <it>A. pleuropneumoniae</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 30 immunogenic proteins were identified from outer membrane and extracellular proteins of JL03 serotype 3, of which 6 were known antigens and 24 were novel immunogenic proteins for <it>A. pleuropneumoniae</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data provide information about novel immunogenic proteins for <it>A. pleuropneumoniae </it>serotype 3, and are expected to aid in development of novel vaccines against <it>A. pleuropneumoniae</it>.</p