Representation Selective Self-distillation and wav2vec 2.0 Feature Exploration for Spoof-aware Speaker Verification

Text-to-speech and voice conversion studies are constantly improving to the extent where they can produce synthetic speech almost indistinguishable from bona fide human speech. In this regrad, the importance of countermeasures (CM) against synthetic voice attacks of the automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems emerges. Nonetheless, most end-to-end spoofing detection networks are black box systems, and the answer to what is an effective representation for finding artifacts still remains veiled. In this paper, we examine which feature space can effectively represent synthetic artifacts using wav2vec 2.0, and study which architecture can effectively utilize the space. Our study allows us to analyze which attribute of speech signals is advantageous for the CM systems. The proposed CM system achieved 0.31% equal error rate (EER) on ASVspoof 2019 LA evaluation set for the spoof detection task. We further propose a simple yet effective spoofing aware speaker verification (SASV) methodology, which takes advantage of the disentangled representations from our countermeasure system. Evaluation performed with the SASV Challenge 2022 database show 1.08% of SASV EER. Quantitative analysis shows that using the explored feature space of wav2vec 2.0 advantages both spoofing CM and SASV.Comment: Submitted to Interspeech 202

Rapid suppression of quantum many-body magnetic exciton in doped van der Waals antiferromagnet (Ni,Cd)PS3

The unique discovery of magnetic exciton in van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3 arises between two quantum many-body states of a Zhang-Rice singlet excited state and a Zhang-Rice triplet ground state. Simultaneously, the spectral width of photoluminescence originating from this exciton is exceedingly narrow as 0.4 meV. These extraordinary properties, including the extreme coherence of the magnetic exciton in NiPS3, beg many questions. We studied doping effects using Ni1-xCdxPS3 using two experimental techniques and theoretical studies. Our experimental results show that the magnetic exciton is drastically suppressed upon a few % Cd doping. All these happen while the width of the exciton only gradually increases, and the antiferromagnetic ground state is robust. These results highlight the lattice uniformity's hidden importance as a prerequisite for coherent magnetic exciton. Finally, an exciting scenario emerges: the broken charge transfer forbids the otherwise uniform formation of the coherent magnetic exciton in (Ni,Cd)PS3.Comment: 40 pages, 4 main figures, 13 supporting figures, accepted by Nano Letter

Frequency and clinical implications of the isolation of rare nontuberculous mycobacteria

Background: To date, more than 125 species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been identified. In this study, we investigated the frequency and clinical implication of the rarely isolated NTM from respiratory specimens. Methods: Patients with NTM isolated from their respiratory specimens between July 1, 2010 and June 31, 2012 were screened for inclusion. Rare NTM were defined as those NTM not falling within the group of eight NTM species commonly identified at our institution: Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, M. abscessus, M. massiliense, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, M. gordonae, and M. peregrinum. Clinical, radiographic and microbiological data from patients with rare NTM were reviewed and analyzed. Results: During the study period, 73 rare NTM were isolated from the respiratory specimens of 68 patients. Among these, M. conceptionense was the most common (nine patients, 12.3%). The median age of the 68 patients with rare NTM was 68 years, while 39 of the patients were male. Rare NTM were isolated only once in majority of patient (64 patients, 94.1%). Among the four patients from whom rare NTM were isolated two or more times, only two showed radiographic aggravation caused by rare NTM during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Most of the rarely identified NTM species were isolated from respiratory specimens only once per patient, without concomitant clinical aggravation. Clinicians could therefore observe such patients closely without invasive work-ups or treatment, provided the patients do not have decreased host immunity towards mycobacteriaPeer Reviewe

Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning with Fully Homomorphic Encryption for Deep Neural Network

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is one of the prospective tools for privacypreserving machine learning (PPML), and several PPML models have been proposed based on various FHE schemes and approaches. Although the FHE schemes are known as suitable tools to implement PPML models, previous PPML models on FHE encrypted data are limited to only simple and non-standard types of machine learning models. These non-standard machine learning models are not proven efficient and accurate with more practical and advanced datasets. Previous PPML schemes replace non-arithmetic activation functions with simple arithmetic functions instead of adopting approximation methods and do not use bootstrapping, which enables continuous homomorphic evaluations. Thus, they could not use standard activation functions and could not employ a large number of layers. The maximum classification accuracy of the existing PPML model with the FHE for the CIFAR-10 dataset was only 77% until now. In this work, we firstly implement the standard ResNet-20 model with the RNS-CKKS FHE with bootstrapping and verify the implemented model with the CIFAR-10 dataset and the plaintext model parameters. Instead of replacing the non-arithmetic functions with the simple arithmetic function, we use state-of-the-art approximation methods to evaluate these non-arithmetic functions, such as the ReLU, with sufficient precision [1]. Further, for the first time, we use the bootstrapping technique of the RNS-CKKS scheme in the proposed model, which enables us to evaluate a deep learning model on the encrypted data. We numerically verify that the proposed model with the CIFAR-10 dataset shows 98.67% identical results to the original ResNet-20 model with non-encrypted data. The classification accuracy of the proposed model is 90.67%, which is pretty close to that of the original ResNet-20 CNN model...Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Chapter 6 MARINE BIODIVERSITY IN KOREA: A REVIEW OF MACROZOOBENTHIC ASSEMBLAGES, THEIR DISTRIBUTIONS, AND LONG-TERM COMMUNITY CHANGES FROM HUMAN IMPACTS

oceanography, climate change, reefs, marine science, marine conservation, marine researc

???????????? ??? sub-100 nm ?????? PEDOT:PSS ????????? ?????? ??????

PEDOT:PSS??? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????, OLED, ???????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????. PEDOT:PSS ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????, ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? PEDOT:PSS??? ????????? ?????? ????????? PSS??? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????. PEDOT:PSS??? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? PEDOT:PSS??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????????. ???????????? ???????????? ?????? SiO2??? PMMA??? ??????????????? ???????????????, PEDOT:PSS??? ??????????????? ??? photo-lithography??? RIE ????????? ???????????? dog-bone shape??? ?????????????????? ???????????????. ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? PR??? photo-lithography ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????. ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? photo-lithography??? RIE ????????? ???????????? dog-bone shape??? ?????????????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????????. ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????

Religion and Depression in South Korea: A Comparison between Buddhism, Protestantism, and Roman Catholicism

Over the past few years, the occurrence of depression in South Korea has significantly increased. Even though Buddhism was the main religion in historical South Korea, Christianity has recently emerged as a dominant faith tradition. However, the relationship between religion and depression among older Korean adults is understudied. The present study is designed to investigate religious variations and the role of religious participation in depression among older Korean adults using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). From the KLoSA database, 6817 participants were extracted and analyzed. Utilizing the Korean version of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D 10) and the generalized linear models (GLM), a significant difference in depressive symptoms between religious groups (p < 0.05) and religious nones surfaced. This significant difference remained even after adjusting for the confounding factors. When the levels of depressive symptoms were compared across various faith traditions, the lowest depression score was detected from Buddhists (7.04), followed by Roman Catholics (7.12), and Protestants (7.71). Moreover, a significant difference in depressive symptoms between Buddhists and Protestants was observed. With regard to the frequency of religious participation, a significant difference in the depression score was observed only for Protestants. That is, the depression score for those who reported attending religious meetings ‘once to six times a year’ was significantly higher than the others. It is concluded that those who are religiously involved had significantly less depression symptoms than religious nones. Moreover, of the three faith traditions, Buddhists and Protestants showed a significant difference in depressive symptoms

The Effects of <i>Sargassum horneri</i> Extract and Fucoidan on Tear Hyposecretion and Ocular Surface Injury in Rats with Dry Eye Diseases

Hyperosmotic stress caused by tear hyposection is a leading cause of dry eye disease. We investigated the prevention of dry eye disease in corneal epithelial cells and in rats that were induced to develop dry eye disease via unilateral excision of their exorbital lacrimal gland using Sargassum horneri extract (AB_SH) and its bioactive component fucoidan. Oral administration of AB_SH (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and fucoidan (100 mg/kg) was conducted for 7 days. In order to measure tear secretion, phenol red thread tear tests were performed along with corneal irregularity measurements. The apoptotic injury in the cornea and the lacrimal gland was evaluated using TUNEL staining. AB_SH and fucoidan were shown to suppress apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in human corneal epithelial cells under hyperosmotic conditions. Oral administration of AB_SH and fucoidan attenuated tear hyposecretion and corneal irregularity in the lacrimal gland-excised rats. In addition, AB_SH and fucoidan also reduced apoptosis in the cornea and lacrimal gland. This study suggests that S. horneri extract and fucoidan can effectively ameliorate dry eye disease by suppressing the apoptosis of ocular tissues