As escritas coreana e japonesa: dois caminhos tradutórios

For long time, Koreans and Japanese had the Chinese ideograms as the only means for documentation, instruction and education. In other words, Koreans and Japanese, speakers of ural-altaic languages, were obliged to write in an sino-tibetan language. To overcome this gap, both developed their own writing systems, where the Chinese ideograms were the starting point. These were really a translation process, which reveal different means to deal with the difference.Por muito tempo, os coreanos e os japoneses tiveram a escrita chinesa como a única forma de documentação, instrução, educação, enfim, da cultura letrada. Visto de outro ângulo, os coreanos e os japoneses, falantes de duas línguas ural-altaicas, eram obrigados a escreverem em outra língua, da família sino-tibetana. É desse descompasso que ambos acabarão por desenvolver as suas próprias escritas tendo como ponto de partida a chinesa, processo no qual são revelados modos diferentes de lidar com essa diferença, dando, inclusive, margem a ricos ensaios em estudos culturais

A Literatura coreana no Brasil: quadro atual e desafios

O presente estudo tem como ponto de par tida um levantamento do que foi produzido em matéria de literatura coreana no Brasil – traduções e trabalhos acadêmicos – , buscando r efletir algumas questões que a circundam e a impactam. Apesar das iniciativas em tradução que datam da década de 80, a literatura coreana no Brasil permanece um campo virtualmente inexplorado, e o recente interesse dos editores – impulsionado pela visibil idade do país no cenário mundial e o Prêmio Internacional Man Booker 2016 concedido para A vegetariana de Han Kang – se depara com a falta de tradutores qualificados. Tais iniciativas, financiadas em quase sua totalidade pelo Literature Translation Institu te of Korea (LTI Korea), têm sido esparsas e díspares, além de dissonantes entre si e em relação a um possível público leitor. Isso porque a literatura infantil coreana, que colheu algum resultado junto ao mercado brasileiro, não é contemplada pela referid a entidade de fomento, o mesmo ocorrendo com a literatura juvenil, a qual teria nos fãs de K - pop um potencial público leitor. Somem - se a isso os problemas cada vez mais graves do mercado editorial brasileiro, a inexistência de tradutores qualificados e uma teia conflitante de fatores que dificultam os passos iniciais da literatura coreana no Brasil.The starting point of this study is a report of what has been done in the field of Korean literature in Brazil – translations and research – in the last decades, seeking to reflect on some key issues that a re involved in its production. The initiatives on translating Korean literature into Portuguese date back to 80’s, but the field remains virtually unexplored, and the recent interest of some editors – boosted by the recent visibility of Korea in the world and the Man Booker International Prize given to The Vegetarian (Han Kang) in 2016, faces the lack of qualified translators. Past trials, almost totally financed by the Literature Translation Institute of Korea (LTI Korea), have been sparse and disparate. T hey were dissonant not only mutually but from a possible reading audience. For instance, some success has been reached by the Korean children literature in the Brazilian market, which is not, unfortunately, part of the mentioned Institute’s plans. The same happens to the young literature, with potential among K - pop fans. In addition, there are also day by day worsening conditions in Brazilian editorial market, the inexistence of qualified translations and a web of dissonant factors that hinder the initial s teps of Korean literature in Brazil

Changes of Microbial Diversity During Swine Manure Treatment Process

We investigated microbial diversity in a manure storage tank (MST) storing untreated manure and an aeration tank (AT) during swine manure treatment process using the next-generation sequencing in order to find the aeration effect on microbial diversity. Proteobacteria were more abundant in the AT group than in the MST group and may include denitrifying bacteria contributing to nitrous oxide (N2O) emission or aerobic bacteria stimulated by oxygen. The opposite held true for the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes that may include anaerobic bacteria inhibited under aerobic conditions in the AT group

Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm after spine surgery in the patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome -A case report-

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a rare inherited disorder of the connective tissue that is characterized by hyperextensible skin, hypermobile joints and abnormalities of the cardiovascular system. A 15-year-old girl with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome underwent thoracolumbar surgery for deformity correction. After surgery, an abdominal aortic rupture occurred, and she complained of abdominal distension had an abdominal circumference of 80 cm. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a pseudoaneurysm and a large hematoma at the retroperitoneum. She died of a massive hemorrhage during subsequent abdominal aortic surgery

Scutellaria baicalensis

Antimycin A (AMA) damages mitochondria by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transport and can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS formation, aging, and reduction of mitochondrial biogenesis contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study sought to investigate extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavonoids (baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin), whether they could protect mitochondria against oxidative damage. The viability of L6 cells treated with AMA increased in the presence of flavonoids and extracts of S. baicalensis. ATP production decreased in the AMA treated group, but increased by 50% in cells treated with flavonoids (except wogonin) and extracts of S. baicalensis compared to AMA-treated group. AMA treatment caused a significant reduction (depolarized) in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), whereas flavonoid treatment induced a significant increase in MMP. Mitochondrial superoxide levels increased in AMA treated cells, whereas its levels decreased when cells were treated with flavonoids or extracts of S. baicalensis. L6 cells treated with flavonoids and extracts of S. baicalensis increased their levels of protein expression compared with AMA-treated cells, especially water extracts performed the highest levels of protein expression. These results suggest that the S. baicalensis extracts and flavonoids protect against AMA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing ATP production, upregulating MMP, and enhancing mitochondrial function

Engineering integrin signaling for promoting embryonic stem cell self-renewal in a precisely defined niche

We present development and use of a 3D synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) analog with integrin- specific adhesion ligands to characterize the microenvironmental influences in embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal. Transcriptional analysis of 24 integrin subunits followed by confirmation at the trans- lational and functional levels suggested that integrins a5b1, avb5, a6b1 and a9b1 play important roles in maintenance of stemness in undifferentiated mouse ESCs. Using the well-defined matrix as a tool to activate integrins a5b1 plus avb5, a6b1 and a9b1, individually and in combination, differential integrin activation was demonstrated to exert exquisite control over ESC fate decisions. Simultaneous ligation of these four integrin heterodimers promoted self-renewal, as evidence by prolonged SSEA-1, Oct4 and Nanog expression, and induced Akt1 kinase signaling along with translational regulation of other stemness-related genes. The biofunctional network we have designed based on this knowledge may be useful as a defined niche for regulating ESC pluripotency through selective cell–matrix interactions, and the method we present may be more generally useful for probing matrix interactions in stem cell self- renewal and differentiation

Delayed Diagnosis of an Intraurethral Foreign Body Causing Urosepsis and Penile Necrosis

Cases of self-inserted foreign bodies in the male urethra and urinary bladder are unusual. In most cases, the type of foreign body can be identified by taking a history or from radiological findings; sometimes, however, it is difficult to identify the foreign body because of decreased mental capacity of the patient or unknown radiological characteristics of the foreign body. We experienced a chronic alcoholic patient with septicemia and penile necrosis in whom a fragment of mirror glass had passed through the urethra into the bladder. The glass, 2 cm in length and 0.7 cm in diameter, was detected by cystoscopy and was removed by using a resectosope

A Pilot Study for the Neuroprotective Effect of Gongjin-dan on Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Ischemic Rat Brain

In this study, we investigated whether gongjin-dan improves functional recovery and has neuroprotective effects on reducing the infarct volume after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Infarct volume was measured using TTC staining and glucose utilization by F-18 FDG PET. Functional improvement was evaluated with the Rota-rod, treadmill, Garcia score test, and adhesive removal test. At 14 days after MCAo, neuronal cell survival, astrocytes expansion, and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistofluorescence staining in the peri-infarct region. Also, the expression of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines such as VEGF, BDNF, Cox-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-1α was measured in ischemic hemisphere regions. The gongjin-dan-treated group showed both reduced infarct volume and increased glucose utilization. Behavior tests demonstrated a significant improvement compared to the control. Also in the gongjin-dan treated group, NeuN-positive cells were increased and number of astrocytes, microglia, and apoptotic cells was significantly decreased compared with the control group in the ischemic peri-infarct area. Furthermore, the expression of VEGF and BDNF was increased and level of Cox-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-1α was decreased. These results suggest that gongjin-dan may improve functional outcome through the rapid restoration of metabolism and can be considered as a potential neuroprotective agent