70 research outputs found
Effect of Fermented Sauropus Androgynus Leaves on Blood Lipid Fraction and Haematological Profile in Broiler Chickens
This study was conducted to evaluate effect of fermented Sauropus androgynus leaves on blood lipid fractions and haematological profiles in broilers. One hundred and twelve broilers were distributed to 7 treatment groups. One group was fed diets without Sauropus androgynus leaves as the control, and other six groups were fed Sauropus androgynus leaves fermented by Neurospora crassa, Lactobacillus sp. or Saccharomyces cerevisiae at level of 25 g or 50 g/kg diet. Experimental results showed that the treatments had no effect on cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and atherogenic index, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and triglyceride concentration (P>0.05). It was shown that fermented Sauropus androgynus leaves significantly affected red blood count (RBC), white blood count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), trombosit dan erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (
Temperature and Humidity Influences on Inactivation Kinetics of Enteric Viruses on Surfaces
Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are pathogenic
enteric
viruses responsible for public health concerns worldwide. The viral
transmission occurs through fecally contaminated food, water, fomites,
or direct contact. However, the difficulty in cultivating these viruses
makes it a challenge to characterize the resistance to various environmental
stresses. In this study, we characterized the inactivation rates of
murine norovirus (MNV), MS2, and HAV on either lacquer coating rubber
tree wood or stainless steel under different temperature and relative
humidity (RH) conditions. The viruses were analyzed at temperatures
of 15 °C, 25 °C, 32 °C, and 40 °C and at RHs of
30%, 50%, and 70% for 30 days. Overall, they survived significantly
longer on wood than on steel at lower temperature (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The inactivation rate of MS2 and MNV increased at higher
RH levels, whereas HAV survived the best at a medium RH level (50%).
The effect of RH was significant only for MS2 (<i>P</i> <
0.05). MS2 persisted longest under all of the environmental conditions
examined. Both a linear and a nonlinear Weibull model were used to
describe the viral inactivation data in this study. The data produced
a better fit to the survival curves that were predicted by the Weibull
model
A Biodegradation Study of SBA-15 Microparticles in Simulated Body Fluid and <i>in Vivo</i>
Mesoporous silica has received considerable
attention as a drug
delivery vehicle because of its large surface area and large pore
volume for loading drugs and large biomolecules. Recently, mesoporous
silica microparticles have shown potential as a three-dimensional
vaccine platform for modulating dendritic cells via spontaneous assembly
of microparticles in a specific region after subcutaneous injection.
For further <i>in vivo</i> applications, the biodegradation
behavior of mesoporous silica microparticles must be studied and known.
Until now, most biodegradation studies have focused on mesoporous
silica nanoparticles (MSNs); here, we report the biodegradation of
hexagonally ordered mesoporous silica, SBA-15, with micrometer-sized
lengths (∼32 μm with a high aspect ratio). The degradation
of SBA-15 microparticles was investigated in simulated body fluid
(SBF) and in mice by analyzing the structural change over time. SBA-15
microparticles were found to degrade in SBF and <i>in vivo</i>. The erosion of SBA-15 under biological conditions led to a loss
of the hysteresis loop in the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm
and fingerprint peaks in small-angle X-ray scattering, specifically
indicating a degradation of ordered mesoporous structure. Via comparison
to previous results of degradation of MSNs in SBF, SBA-15 microparticles
degraded faster than MCM-41 nanoparticles presumably because SBA-15
microparticles have a pore size (∼8 nm) and a pore volume larger
than those of MCM-41 mesoporous silica. The surface functional groups,
the residual amounts of organic templates, and the hydrothermal treatment
during the synthesis could affect the rate of degradation of SBA-15.
In <i>in vivo</i> testing, previous studies focused on the
evaluation of toxicity of mesoporous silica particles in various organs.
In contrast, we studied the change in the physical properties of SBA-15
microparticles depending on the duration after subcutaneous injection.
The pristine SBA-15 microparticles injected into mice subcutaneously
slowly degraded over time and lost ordered structure after 3 days.
These findings represent the possible <i>in vivo</i> use
of microsized mesoporous silica for drug delivery or vaccine platform
after local injection
Weight change and risk of uterine leiomyomas: Korea Nurses’ Health Study
<p><b>Objective:</b> This study examined the associations between anthropometric measures and uterine leiomyomas.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> This study included a total of 5,062 women (median age of 35.5 years) who had experienced pregnancy and, of these women, 210 reported a diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas within the past 2 years prior to baseline in the Korea Nurses’ Health Study. Participants were asked about their anthropometric factors. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using logistic regression models.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup> among non-cases. An increase in weight from the age of 18 years to the present was associated with increased risk of uterine leiomyomas (<i>p</i> for trend = .002); compared to women whose weight remained stable, the multivariate ORs (95% CIs) were 1.84 (1.22–2.76) for weight gain of 5–10 kg and 2.00 (1.25–3.20) for weight gain of more than 10 kg since age 18. A similar pattern was observed when the analysis was limited to women with a BMI of 18.5–25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Current weight was associated with higher odds of uterine leiomyomas. No associations were found for body size in childhood or in adolescence, weight at age 18, current BMI, or current body size.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Weight gain in adulthood was associated with increased risk of uterine leiomyomas in Korean women, even in those with normal weight.</p
Prevalence of subclinical cerebro-cardio vascular atherosclerosis increased with the severity of NAFLD.
<p>Prevalence of subclinical cerebro-cardio vascular atherosclerosis increased with the severity of NAFLD.</p
Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion Protein‑1 (MATE1/SLC47A1) Is a Novel Flavonoid Transporter
Dietary
flavonoids have various biological functions. However,
their cellular transport mechanisms are largely unknown. We have determined
that the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter-1 (MATE1)
is a membrane transporter for flavonoids and has a high affinity for
quercetin. HEK293T cells overexpressing MATE1 exhibited increased
intracellular quercetin accumulation. This effect disappeared in the
presence of a MATE1 inhibitor and after MATE1 gene knockdown. HepG2
cells expressed MATE1 significantly, with the uptake quercetin of
which was dramatically reduced with MATE1 inhibition. On the basis
of immunofluorescence analysis, MATE1 was highly expressed in peroxisomes
and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as in plasma membranes
in the liver and intestine, which suggests potential accumulation
of quercetin in peroxisomes and the ER in these tissues. Fluorescent
microscopic analysis confirmed selective accumulation of qurcetin
in peroxisome. The effects of quercetin on cellular lipid reduction
and glucose uptake were exaggerated with MATE1 overexpression. In
conclusion, MATE1 is a membrane transporter for quercetin; its overexpression
enhances the hypolipidemic activity of quercetin and cellular glucose
transport. Considering the low bioavailability of quercetin, appropriate
regulation of MATE1 expression may optimize cellular quercetin concentrations
and promote health benefits
Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection among HIV-Infected Men in Korea
<div><p>Background</p><p>Little is known about the epidemiology on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among HIV-infected men in Korea. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors associated with anal HPV infection among HIV-infected men in Korea.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted with HIV-infected men in Korea. Participants completed a detailed sexual behavior risk factor questionnaire. Anal samples were collected for cytology and HPV genotyping. Factors associated with anal HPV infection were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, stratifying by sexual behaviour.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 201 HIV-infected men were included in the study: 133 were from men who have sex with men (MSM) and 68 from men who have sex with women (MSW). Any anal HPV infection was detected in 82.7% of HIV-infected MSM and in 51.5% of HIV- infected MSW (<i>P</i> < 0.001). High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) prevalence was higher among MSM (47.4%) than MSW (25.0%; <i>P</i> = 0.002). The HR-HPV types identified most frequently were HPV 16 (11%), HPV 18 (9.9%), and HPV 58 (5%) in MSM, and HPV 58(11%) and HPV 16 (8.9%) in MSW. Prevalence of any HPV types in 9-valent vaccine types was higher among MSM than MSW (47.4% vs 22.1%. <i>P</i> = 0.001). Abnormal anal cytology was more commonly detected in MSM than MSW (42.9% vs.19.1%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). In HIV-infected MSM, higher number of lifetime male sex partners was significantly associated with any anal HPV infection, but age was a significant risk factor associated with anal HR-HPV infection.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Anal HPV infection was highly prevalent in HIV-infected MSM in Korea, and also commonly found in HIV-infected MSW. In HIV-infected MSM, the significant risk factor for being infected with any HPV infection was lifetime number of male sexual partners, and with anal oncogenic HPV infection was age.</p></div
Results of univariate analyses to assess the relationship between clinical variables and subclinical cerebro-cardiovascular atherosclerosis (CCVA).
<p>Results of univariate analyses to assess the relationship between clinical variables and subclinical cerebro-cardiovascular atherosclerosis (CCVA).</p
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk of subclinical cerebro-cardio vascular atherosclerosis according to severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult men.
<p>Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk of subclinical cerebro-cardio vascular atherosclerosis according to severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult men.</p
Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypic distribution among HIV-infected Men who have sex with men and among HIV-infected men who have sex with women.
<p>(MSM, men who have sex with men; MSW, men who have sex with women; U, untypeable)</p
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