Bibliographische Erschließung der Allgemeinen Literatur-Zeitung als Instrument universitärer Forschung : Weimarer Bibliographie im Jenaer Sonderforschungsbereich

Die Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung (A.L.Z.) war insbesondere in ihrer Jenaer Periode zwischen 1785 und 1803 (anschließend erschien sie bis 1849 in Halle) das auflagenstärkste und wohl auch verbreitetste wie einflussreichste Rezensionsorgan im deutschsprachigen Raum. Ihr ambitioniertes Ziel war es, die gesamte aktuelle Literaturproduktion aus allen Wissensgebieten kritisch zu begleiten. Der vorliegende Aufsatz ordnet die Erschließung der A.L.Z in den Kontext der Weimarer bibliographischen Projekte ein und stellt die Erfassungsgrundsätze sowie Einzelheiten der Recherchemöglichkeiten dar. Das Projekt begann als eine Gemeinschaftsarbeit der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek Weimar und des Sonderforschungsbereichs 482 „Ereignis Weimar-Jena. Kultur um 1800“

Identity development in adolescents with mental problems

Background: In the revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), "Identity" is an essential diagnostic criterion for personality disorders (self-related personality functioning) in the alternative approach to the diagnosis of personality disorders in Section III of DSM-5. Integrating a broad range of established identity concepts, AIDA (Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence) is a new questionnaire to assess pathology-related identity development in healthy and disturbed adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Aim of the present study is to investigate differences in identity development between adolescents with different psychiatric diagnoses. Methods: Participants were 86 adolescent psychiatric in- and outpatients aged 12 to 18 years. The test set includes the questionnaire AIDA and two semi-structured psychiatric interviews (SCID-II, K-DIPS). The patients were assigned to three diagnostic groups (personality disorders, internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders). Differences were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA. Results: In line with our hypotheses, patients with personality disorders showed the highest scores in all AIDA scales with T>70. Patients with externalizing disorders showed scores in an average range compared to population norms, while patients with internalizing disorders lay in between with scores around T=60. The AIDA total score was highly significant between the groups with a remarkable effect size of f= 0.44. Conclusion: Impairment of identity development differs between adolescent patients with different forms of mental disorders. The AIDA questionnaire is able to discriminate between these groups. This may help to improve assessment and treatment of adolescents with severe psychiatric problems

Regenerative potential of human adipose-derived stromal cells of various origins

AbstractIn regenerative concepts, the potential of adult stem cells holds great promise concerning an individualized therapeutic approach. These cells provide renewable progenitor cells to replace aged tissue, and play a significant role in tissue repair and regeneration.In this investigation, the characteristics of different types of adipose tissue are analysed systematically with special attention to their proliferation and differentiation potential concerning the angiogenic and osteogenic lineage. Tissue samples from subcutaneous, visceral, and omental fat were processed according to standard procedures. The cells were characterized and cultivated under suitable conditions for osteogenic and angiogenic cell culture. The development of the different cell cultures as well as their differentiation were analysed morphologically and immunohistochemically from cell passages P1 to P12. Harvesting and isolation of multipotent cells from all three tissue types could be performed reproducibly. The cultivation of these cells under osteogenic conditions led to a morphological and immunohistochemical differentiation; mineralization could be detected. The most stable results were observed for the cells of subcutaneous origin. An osteogenic differentiation from adipose-derived cells from all analysed fatty tissues can be achieved easily and reproducibly. In therapeutic concepts including angiogenic regeneration, adipose-derived cells from subcutaneous tissue provide the optimal cellular base

A multi-stable switchable metamaterial

The field of metamaterial research revolves around the idea of creating artificial media that interact with light in a way unknown from naturally occurring materials. This is commonly achieved by creating sub-wavelength lattices of electronic or plasmonic structures, so-called meta-atoms, that determine the interaction between light and metamaterial. One of the ultimate goals for these tailored media is the ability to control their properties in-situ which has led to a whole new branch of tunable and switchable metamaterials. Many of the present realizations rely on introducing microelectromechanical actuators or semiconductor elements into their meta-atom structures. Here we show that superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) can be used as fast, intrinsically switchable meta-atoms. We found that their intrinsic nonlinearity leads to simultaneously stable dynamic states, each of which is associated with a different value and sign of the magnetic susceptibility in the microwave domain. Moreover, we demonstrate that it is possible to switch between these states by applying a nanosecond long pulse in addition to the microwave probe signal. Apart from potential applications such as, for example, an all-optical metamaterial switch, these results suggest that multi-stability, which is a common feature in many nonlinear systems, can be utilized to create new types of meta-atoms

Processes of identity formation between nationalism and ethnicity : the case of Mestizos and Morenos in Ecuador

Jung S. Identitätsfindung im Spannungsfeld von Nationalbewußtsein und Ethnizität : am Beispiel von Mestizos und Morenos in Ecuador. Bielefeld (Germany): Bielefeld University; 2002.Das ecuadorianische Gesellschaftsbild ist nicht nur infolge der spanischen Kolonialisierung ethnisch vielfältig und muss daher als heterogen bezeichnet werden. Obwohl die Menschen einer nationalstaatlich verfassten Gesellschaft angehören, leben sie in sehr verschiedenen geographischen und sozialen Lebensbereichen und schreiben sich gegenseitig auch grundsätzliche Unterschiede zu. Diese Differenzierungen beziehen sich einerseits auf das äußere Erscheinungsbild, also den Phänotyp, andererseits aber auch auf soziale und kulturelle Merkmale, die sich in unterschiedlichen Lebensstilen manifestieren. Solche ethnischen Merkmale bilden die Grundlage für die Konstruktion unterschiedlicher kollektiver Identitätsmuster, welche die Angehörigen der ecuadorianischen Gesellschaft anwenden, um sich zu assoziieren und voneinander abzugrenzen. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Beziehung zwischen Mitgliedern der sog. Nationalkultur mit europäisch-indigener Abstammung, die die Mehrheit im Land bilden, und Angehörigen der afro-ecuadorianischen Minorität. Diesbezüglich wird herausgearbeitet, wer Mestizos und Morenos im allgemeinen Gesellschaftsbild von Ecuador sind, wer oder was sie sein wollen und wie sie von anderen gesehen werden. Die herausgebildeten Identitätsmuster werden aus verschiedenen Perspektiven betrachtet, um darzustellen, auf welch unterschiedliche Art und Weise Identitäten eingesetzt und aufrechterhalten oder fallen gelassen werden können. Durch die subjektivistische Herangehensweise wird das Blickfeld des Betrachters auf die Herkunft, Struktur und Nützlichkeit der ethnischen Differenzierung gerückt. Die damit verbundene Kontextualisierung wiederum lässt die Sinnfälligkeit sozialer Identität ersichtlich werden

Nasopharyngeal Development in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Introduction. The aim of this paper was to evaluate cephalometrically the nasopharyngeal development of patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Influencing factors were evaluated and cleft to noncleft subjects were compared to each other. Material and Methods. The lateral cephalograms of 66 patients with complete cleft lip and palate were measured and compared retrospectively to the cephalograms of 123 healthy probands. Measurements were derived from a standardized analysis of 56 landmarks. Results. We observed significant differences between cleft and control group: the cleft patients showed amaxillary retroposition and a reduced maxillary length; the inclination of the maxilla was significantly more posterior and cranial; the anterior nasopharyngeal height was reduced; the nasopharyngeal growth followed a vertical tendency with reduced sagittal dimensions concerning hard and soft tissue. The velum length was reduced. In the cleft group, an accumulation of mandibular retrognathia and an anterior position of the hyoid were observed. Skeletal configuration and type of growth were predominantly vertical. Conclusions. Our data provides a fundamental radiological analysis of the nasopharyngeal development in cleft patients. It confirms the lateral cephalogram as a basic diagnostic device in the analysis of nasopharyngeal and skeletal growth in cleft patients

Objective Assessment of Hypernasality in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate with the NasalView System: A Clinical Validation Study

Introduction. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the NasalView system as a screening tool for hypernasality within the scope of a routine diagnostic procedure in cleft lip and palate patients. Material and Methods. In a collective of 95 patients with cleft and lip palate ranging from 4 to 25 years of age, hypernasality was exploited perceptually, patients were classified in four degrees, and nasalance was measured objectively with the NasalView system. Speech stimuli existed in one nasal and one nonnasal sentence; nasalance ratio and distance were calculated. Results. The test-retest error was within a range of 2%. Sensitivity ranged from 83.3% to 91.1% for the nonnasal sentence, from 70% to 78.4% for nasalance ratio and from 68.1% to 81.1% for nasalance distance. Specifity ranged from 87% to 93.1% for the nonnasal sentence, from 69.6% to 97.5% for nasalance ratio, and from 70.7% to 73.9% for nasalance distance. Conclusions. With a quick and gentle screening procedure, it is easily possible to identify hypernasal patients by an objective diagnostic tool of hypernasality, the NasalView system, with good reliability and validity