Improved stability and stabilization results for stochastic synchronization of continuous-time semi-Markovian jump neural networks with time-varying delay

Continuous-time semi-Markovian jump neural networks (semi-MJNNs) are those MJNNs whose transition rates are not constant but depend on the random sojourn time. Addressing stochastic synchronization of semi-MJNNs with time-varying delay, an improved stochastic stability criterion is derived in this paper to guarantee stochastic synchronization of the response systems with the drive systems. This is achieved through constructing a semi-Markovian Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional together as well as making use of a novel integral inequality and the characteristics of cumulative distribution functions. Then, with a linearization procedure, controller synthesis is carried out for stochastic synchronization of the drive-response systems. The desired state-feedback controller gains can be determined by solving a linear matrix inequality-based optimization problem. Simulation studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and less conservatism of the presented approach

Observer-based H∞ design for networked control system with multipath delays and missing measurements

This paper investigates the stochastic stability of networked control systems. Since the signal transmission in communication channels would suffer from some disturbances, both of the input and output communication delays and missing measurements are considered. An observer-based feedback controller is designed for the networked control system achieving asymptotically stable in mean square with guaranteed H∞ performance disturbance level γ. By means of the singular values decomposition theorem, some sufficient conditions are derived to grantee the stability of the networked control system. Additionally, rigorous analysis is carried out to show the existence of admissible observed-based feedback controller by introducing some weight-free matrices variables. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the validity of the theoretical analysis

Improved Stability and Stabilization Results for Stochastic Synchronization of Continuous-Time Semi-Markovian Jump Neural Networks With Time-Varying Delay

Continuous-time semi-Markovian jump neural networks (semi-MJNNs) are those MJNNs whose transition rates are not constant but depend on the random sojourn time. Addressing stochastic synchronization of semi-MJNNs with time-varying delay, an improved stochastic stability criterion is derived in this paper to guarantee stochastic synchronization of the response systems with the drive systems. This is achieved through constructing a semi-Markovian Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional together as well as making use of a novel integral inequality and the characteristics of cumulative distribution functions. Then, with a linearization procedure, controller synthesis is carried out for stochastic synchronization of the drive-response systems. The desired state-feedback controller gains can be determined by solving a linear matrix inequality-based optimization problem. Simulation studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and less conservatism of the presented approach

Electrical “Turn-On” Response of Poly(3,3‴-didodecylquaterthiophene) and Electron Donor Blend Transistors to 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Electrical “Turn-On” Response of Poly(3,3‴-didodecylquaterthiophene) and Electron Donor Blend Transistors to 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluen

Density Functional Theory Study on Pyrd-PVA-CN-Based Metal-Ion-Chelating Organogel Electrolyte

The transition-metal-based cathode materials severely suffer from the dissolution of transition metals during repeated oxidation and reduction, which causes structural deterioration of cathode and subsequent electrodeposition on anode resulting in capacity decay. In this study, Pyrd-PVA-CN-based (Pyrd = pyrrolidone) metal-ion chelating organogel electrolyte is presented to solve the problems triggered by metal dissolution from Mn-rich oxide cathode materials. The density functional theory calculations suggest that the Mn2+ dissolved to electrolyte can be captured by the pyrrolidone; the Mn2+ chelation by the pyrrolidone was thermodynamically more favorable than the complete solvation of Mn2+ in carbonate electrolyte. The most stable metal chelating configuration was found to be the Mn2+ double coordinated to O of ester groups in the bridge between pyrrolidone and vinyl backbone and N of pyrrolidone hetero-ring. Interestingly, while Mn2+ coordinated to N, the -NH of pyrrolidone was flipped in the direction of increasing electric dipole moment. This dipole enhancement, which strengthened ion-dipole interaction, contributed to the strong chelating ability of the pyrrolidone

Butyl acrylate/TiO2-copolymer hybrid one-dimensional photonic crystal-based colorimetric sensor for detection of C-6-C-16 n-alkanes of kerosene in adulterated diesel

Diesel fuel, which is widely used in engines, generators, and industrial equipment, is often adulterated with kerosene. The use of adulterated diesel fuel reduces the performance and durability of diesel-fuel-powered engines, causes environmental pollution, and promotes tax evasion. However, detecting kerosene in diesel using a high-precision instrumental technique such as gas chromatography with flame ionization detection is difficult because both diesel and kerosene contain C-6-C-16 paraffins. In this study, we developed a simple and reliable colorimetric sensor to detect various volumetric fractions of kerosene in diesel. A novel 15-layered one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) was prepared using a photo-crosslinked butyl acrylate (BA)-based copolymer [P(BA-co-BPA)] as the low-refractive-index material and a photo-crosslinked copolymer-TiO2 hybrid (Ti70) as the high-refractive-index material. The P(BA-co-BPA) layers swelled to a greater extent in smaller-sized C-6-C-16 n-alkanes than in the larger ones. Consequently, the reflection colors of P(BA-co-BPA)/Ti70 PC underwent a greater red shift from the sky-blue color of the pristine state as the swelling increased from the C-16 to the C-6 n-alkanes. When immersed in pure diesel, the 1D PC exhibited a green color, which underwent a greater red shift as the volume fraction of kerosene increased from 10% (similar to limit of colorimetric detection) to 100% in the kerosene + diesel mixtures. The 1D PC reached saturation within 45 min and changed color from the sky-blue corresponding to the pristine state to greenish yellow, yellow, yellow-orange, orange, and reddish orange in 10%, 20%, 30%, 50-70%, and 100% kerosene, respectively. Moreover, it exhibited recyclability in five swelling/deswelling cycles in diesel and kerosene. We expect that these findings will promote the development of simple and state-of-the-art 1D PC sensors

Metal-nitrogen intimacy of the nitrogen-doped ruthenium oxide for facilitating electrochemical hydrogen production

In order to realize electrochemically efficient hydrogen production, various endeavors have been devoted to developing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts having zero hydrogen binding energy (Delta G(H*) = 0) for balancing between adsorption and desorption. This work demonstrated that nitrogen doping improved the HER activity of ruthenium oxide by letting its Delta G(H*) approach zero or facilitating hydrogen desorption process. A highly nitrogen-doped ruthenium oxide catalyst guaranteeing the ruthenium-nitrogen intimacy was prepared by employing a polymer whose nitrogen-containing moiety (pyrrolidone) was strongly coordinated to ruthenium ion in the precursor solution prior to calcination. The less electronegative nature of nitrogen (when compared with oxygen) decreased the free energy uphill required for desorption of hydrogen intermediate species sitting on the nitrogen (H-*N to 1/2 H-2 + *N) to make the desorption process more favored. Also, the nitrogen dopant facilitated OH desorption from its neighboring ruthenium site (HO-*Ru + e(-) to HO- + *Ru) since the less electronegative nitrogen withdrew less electrons from the ruthenium site. The ruthenium-nitrogen intimacy of the catalyst more than doubled the electrocatalytic HER current from 33 mA cm(-2) for an undoped RuO2 to 79 mA cm(-2) for the nitrogen-doped RuO2 at -50 mV(RHE)

Metal-Ion Chelating Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Ni-Rich Layered Cathode Materials at a High Voltage and an Elevated Temperature

Nickel-rich layered oxides (LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2; (1 - x - y) >= 0.6), the high-energy-density cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), are seriously unstable at voltages higher than 4.5 V versus Liar and temperatures higher than 50 degrees C. Herein, we demonstrated that the failure mechanism of a nickel-rich layered oxide (LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) behind the instability was successfully suppressed by employing cyanoethyl poly(vinyl alcohol) having pyrrolidone moieties (Pyrd-PVA-CN) as a metal-ion-chelating gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). The metal-ion-chelating GPE blocked the plating of transition-metal ions dissolved from the cathode by capturing the ions (anode protection). High-concentration metal-ion environments developed around the cathode surface by the GPE suppressed the irreversible phase transition of the cathode material from the layered structure to the rock-salt structure (cathode protection). Resultantly, the capacity retention was significantly improved at a high voltage and a high temperature. Capacity retention and coulombic efficiency of a full-cell configuration of a nickel-rich layered oxide with graphite were significantly improved in the presence of the GPE especially at a high cutoff voltage (4.4 V) and an elevated temperature (55 degrees C)