109 research outputs found
A Study of the Research Hot Topics and Visualization Analysis of Cross-border Ecommerce in China
With many incentive policies recently released, cross-border e-commerce has been highly concerned by all sectors of society. As an emerging research field, it has great research value. Applying SATI to the keywords in CSSCI papers relevant to CBEC from the CNKI periodical database, we undergo bibliometric and visualization study in terms of word frequency analysis. The visualization analysis reveals that: (1) hot topics in CBEC research fall into 4 areas: e-commerce and international business, government policy and supervision, cross-border logistics and cross-border e-commerce finance; (2) prospective research will focus on talent training, synergy, big data, import , customs supervision, etc
Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Loci in Pistacia weinmannifolia (Anacardiaceae)
Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from the genomic DNA of Pistacia weinmannifolia, using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) method, and screened on 12 individuals from each of two wild populations. The 14 polymorphic loci had an average of 4.1 alleles per locus varying from 1 to 9. The observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities across the two populations ranged from 0.000 to 0.933 and from 0.000 to 0.906, respectively. Tests for departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and genotypic linkage disequilibrium (LD) were conducted for each of the two populations separately. It was found that no locus significantly deviated from HWE proportions and no significant LD was detected between loci (p < 0.001). In the test of cross-species utility, we successfully amplified nine (64.2%) of 14 loci in P. chinensis and four (28.6%) in P. mexicana. The relatively high level of polymorphism for these markers will facilitate further studies of gene flow, population structure and evolutionary history of P. weinmannifolia and its congeners
Gammarus rivalis HOU & LI & LI 2013, sp. nov.
<i>Gammarus rivalis</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 4B, 48–53</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: male (IZCAS-I-A1079-1), 11.2 mm, from the farmland near by Tangzi Town (100.25°E, 25.42°N), altitude 1,904 m, Xundian Country, Yunnan Province, China, February 19, 2010, collected by L. Lin. <b>Paratype</b>: 1 female (IZCAS-I-A1079-2), 9.7 mm, same data as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is from Latin <i>rivalis</i> (of a brook), in reference to the habitat of this species; adjective.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> 4 th and 5 th article of antenna II peduncle with 7–9 clusters of lateral and medial long setae; propodus of gnathopod I larger than gnathopod II; basis of pereopod V subrounded; urosome segments I and II with no armament or with few tiny setae; inner ramus of uropod III slightly longer than outer ramus, with few plumose setae along lateral margins, terminal article very small. Female merus to propodus of pereopods V–VII with more setae than those of male.</p> <p> <b>Description of male.</b> Holotype (IZCAS-I-A1079-1), male 11.2 mm (Fig. 4B).</p> <p> <b>Head</b> (Fig. 48A): eyes reniform, 1.8 times as long as wide, inferior antennal sinus deep, lateral cephalic lobe nearly straight.</p> <p> <b>Antenna I</b> (Fig. 48B, C): 1 st to 3 rd article of peduncle in length ratio 1.0: 0.9: 0.6, with setae on distal corner; flagellum with 31 articles, 3 rd to 29 th article with aesthetascs; accessory flagellum with 4 articles; both primary and accessory flagella with short distal setae.</p> <p> <b>Antenna II</b> (Fig. 48D, E): about 0.7 times as long as antenna I, 3 rd to 5 th article of peduncle in length ratio 1.0: 2.9: 3.1, 4 th and 5 th article of peduncle with 7–9 clusters of long lateral and medial setae; flagellum with 13 articles and 1 tiny distal article, with long setae along dorsal and ventral margins; calceoli absent.</p> <p> <b>Upper lip</b> (Fig. 48F): ventral margin rounded, bearing minute setae.</p> <p> <b>Mandible</b> (Fig. 48H, I): left mandible incisor with 5 teeth; lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth; 1 st to 3 rd article of palp with length ratio 1.0: 4.0: 3.0, 2 nd article of palp with 13 marginal setae, 3 rd article with 3 A-setae, 4 clusters of Bsetae, 22 D-setae and 7 E-setae apically; incisor of right mandible with 4 teeth, lacinia mobilis bifurcate, with small teeth.</p> <p> <b>Lower lip</b> (Fig. 48G): inner lobes lacking, outer lobes covered with thin setae.</p> <p> <b>Maxilla I</b> (Fig. 48J, K): asymmetrical, left inner plate with 14 plumose setae on medial margin; outer plate with 11 robust serrated apical spines, each spine with small teeth; 2 nd article of palp with 7 slender spines and 2 stiff setae apically; 2 nd article of right palp with 4 stout spines, 1 stiff seta and 1 slender spine.</p> <p> <b>Maxilla II</b> (Fig. 48L): inner plate with 10 plumose facial setae in an oblique row; inner and outer plates with long setae apically.</p> <p> <b>Maxilliped</b> (Fig. 48M): inner plate with 1 subapical and 3 stout apical spines, some plumose setae along lateral margin; outer plate bearing a row of blade spines and 3 plumose setae apically; 4 th article of palp hooked, with a group of setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod I</b> (Fig. 49A, C): coxal plate bearing 7 setae and 2 setae on anterior and posterior margins, respectively; basis with setae on anterior and posterior margins; carpus 1.1 times as long as wide, about 0.7 times as long as propodus, posterior margin bearing short setae; propodus oval, palm with 2 medial spines and 13 spines on posterior margin and surface; dactylus with 1 seta on outer margin.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod II</b> (Fig. 49B, D): coxal plate bearing 3 setae and 1 seta on anterior and posterior margins; basis with long setae on anterior and posterior margins, posterodistal corner with short setae; carpus 2.1 times as long as wide, about 0.9 times as long as propodus, with parallel margins, bearing 7 clusters of setae along ventral margin, 2 clusters of setae on dorsal margin; propodus subrectangular, palm margin with 1 medial spine and 4 spines on lateral posterodistal corner; dactylus with 1 seta on outer margin.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod III</b> (Fig. 50A, F): coxal plate bearing 3 setae and 1 seta on anteroventral and posterior margins; basis elongate, with setae along anterior and posterior margins; merus with 5 clusters of setae on posterior margin and 1 spine on anterior margin, anterodistal corner with 1 spine accompanied by setae; carpus and propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on posterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod IV</b> (Fig. 50B, G): coxal plate excavated, bearing 5 setae on anterior margin and 8 setae on posterior margin; basis with some simple setae along anterior and posterior margins; merus with 5 clusters of setae on posterior margin and 1 spine on anterior margin, anterodistal with 1 spine accompanied by some setae; carpus and propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on posterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on anterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod V</b> (Fig. 50C, H): coxal plate bearing 1 seta on anterior margin; basis subrounded, with 7 spines on anterior margin, anterodistal corner with 2 spines, posterior margin with a row of 11 setae; merus with 4 clusters of setae on anterior margin; carpus and propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on anterior margin, propodus with 1 group of setae and 1 spine on posterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod VI</b> (Fig. 50D, I): coxal plate bearing 2 setae on posterior margin; basis elongate, with 3 spines on anterior margin, anterodistal corner with 2 spines, posterior margin dwindling distally, with a row of 12 setae; merus to propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on anterior margin, propodus with 3 groups of setae on posterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod VII</b> (Fig. 50E, J): coxal plate bearing 5 setae on posterior margin; basis expanded, posterior margin weakly narrowed distally, anterior with 5 spines, anterodistal corner with 2 spines, posterior with a row of 14 setae; merus to propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on anterior margin, propodus with 1 spine accompanied by 1 seta on posterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Coxal gills:</b> coxal gill of gnathopod II and gills of pereopods III–V a little shorter than bases; gill of pereopod VI more than half the length of basis; gill of pereopod VII smallest, less than half of basis.</p> <p> <b>Epimeral plates</b> (Fig. 49E–G): plate I ventrally rounded, bearing 7 setae on anteroventral margin and 7 setae on posterior margin; plate II with 2 spines on ventral margin and 7 setae on posterior margin, posterodistal corner subacute; plate III with 2 spines on ventral margin and 8 setae on posterior margin, posterodistal corner subacute.</p> <p> <b>Pleopods I–III</b> (Fig. 51C–E): similar, peduncle with 1–2 retinacula accompanied by 1–2 setae; outer ramus slightly longer than inner ramus, both rami fringed with plumose setae.</p> <p> <b>Urosome</b> (Fig. 51A, B): dorsally flat, urosome segments I and II without or with few tiny setae on dorsal margin. Urosome segment III with 1 spine accompanied by 1 seta on each side and 2 clusters of 2 setae on dorsal margin.</p> <p> <b>Uropods I–III</b> (Fig. 51F–H): uropod I peduncle without basofacial spine, with 1 spine on outer and inner margins, with 2 and 1 spine on outer and inner corners; inner ramus with 1 spine on inner margin; outer ramus with 1 spine on outer and inner margins; both rami with 5 terminal spines. Uropod II short, peduncle bearing 1 and 2 spines on outer and inner margins, with 2 and 1 distal spine on outer and inner corners; inner ramus with 1 and 2 spines on outer and inner margins; outer ramus with 1 spine on outer margin; both rami with 5 terminal spines. Uropod III peduncle with 4 distal spines; inner ramus about 3 times as long as peduncle, slightly longer than outer ramus, both margins with 3 spines accompanied by 1 plumose seta, bearing 2 apical spine and simple setae; 1 st article of outer ramus with 1 and 2 spines accompanied by long simple setae on outer margin, inner margin with 4 clusters of 1 simple seta and 1 plumose seta; terminal article very small, with some simple setae apically.</p> <p> <b>Telson</b> (Fig. 51I): deeply cleft, as long as wide, both lobes with 2 clusters of 1 simple setae accompanied by 1 plumose seta on dorsolateral margins and 2 apical spines.</p> <p> <b>Description of female.</b> Paratype (IZCAS-I-A1079-2), 9.7 mm.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod I</b> (Fig. 52A, C): coxal plate bearing 5 fine setae and 3 setae on anterior and posterior margins, respectively; basis with setae on anterior and posterior margins; propodus oval, palm with 8 spines on posterior margin.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod II</b> (Fig. 52B, D): coxal plate bearing 4 fine setae and 1 seta on anterior and posterior margins; basis with setae on anterior and posterior margins, posterodistal corner with short setae; propodus subrectangular, palm margin with 7 spines on posterodistal corner, bearing simple setae along anterior and posterior margins; dactylus with 1 seta on outer margin.</p> <p> <b>Pereopods III and IV</b> (Fig. 53A–B, F–G): basis and merus with more setae on posterior margins than those of male.</p> <p> <b>Pereopods V–VII</b> (Fig. 53C–E, H–J): merus to propodus with more setae than those of male.</p> <p> <b>Uropods I–III</b> (Fig. 51J–L): uropod I peduncle without basofacial spine, with 2 spines and 1 spine on outer and inner margins, with 2 and 1 spine on outer and inner corners; both rami with 2 spines on inner margins and 5 terminal spines. Uropod II similar to that of male. Uropod III peduncle with 5 distal spines; inner ramus 1.4 times as long as peduncle, reaching 0.9 times the length of outer ramus, with 3 plumose setae on lateral margin; 1 st article of outer ramus with 2 pairs of spines accompanied by setae on outer margin, inner margin with 2 clusters of 1 simple seta accompanied by 1 plumose seta; terminal article tiny, with some simple setae apically.</p> <p> <b>Telson</b> (Fig. 52I): cleft, similar to those of male.</p> <p> <b>Oostegite</b> (Fig. 52E–H): oostegite of gnathopod II broad, with marginal setae, oostegites of pereopods III and IV elongate, oostegite of pereopod V smallest.</p> <p> <b>Variability.</b> Inner ramus of uropod III nearly the same length of outer ramus or a little longer than outer ramus; urosome segments I and II with no armature or with few tiny setae.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> The species was found in a small brook beside the farmland.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Gammarus rivalis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is similar to <i>G. glabratus</i> Hou & Li, 2002. It can be distinguished from <i>G. glabratus</i> by the following characters (<i>G. glabratus</i> in parentheses): 4 th and 5 th article of antenna II peduncle with 7–9 clusters of lateral and medial long setae (short setae); propodus of gnathopod I apparently larger than that of gnathopod II (a litter bigger); inner ramus of uropod III a litter longer than outer ramus, inner margins of both rami with a few plumose setae (inner ramus a litter shorter than outer ramus, inner margins of both rami with more plumose setae); pereopods V–VII of female with clusters of setae along merus to carpus margins (clusters of spines accompanied by few setae).</p>Published as part of <i>HOU, ZHONGE, LI, JUNBO & LI, SHUQIANG, 2013, </i><p><i> <strong> Ten new <em> Gammarus species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China , pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 3687 (1)</em></strong></i><strong><em> on pages 68-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3687.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10098691">http://zenodo.org/record/10098691</a></em></strong></p>
FIGURE 58 in <p><strong>Ten new <em>Gammarus </em>species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China</strong></p>
FIGURE 58. Gammarus silendus sp. nov., paratype, female. A, gnathopod I; B, gnathopod II; C, propodus of gnathopod I; D, propodus of gnathopod II.Published as part of <i>HOU, ZHONGE, LI, JUNBO & LI, SHUQIANG, 2013, <p><strong>Ten new <em>Gammarus </em>species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China</strong></p>, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 3687 (1)</i> on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3687.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10098691">http://zenodo.org/record/10098691</a>
Gammarus citatus HOU & LI & LI 2013, sp. nov.
<i>Gammarus citatus</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 2B, 12–17</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: male (IZCAS-I-A1069-1), 14.2 mm, Xinsheng Bridge National Forest Park (99.35°E, 26.47°N), altitude 2,453 m, Lanping County near Nujiang River from Yunnan, China, January 27, 2010, collected by L. Lin and H. Pu. <b>Paratype</b>: 1 female (IZCAS-I-A1069-2), 10.1 mm, same data as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is from Latin <i>citatus</i> (quick, rapid), in reference to the quick movement of Gammaridae species; adjective.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Basis of pereopods V–VII with a row of 14, 15, 16 setae on posterior margins, respectively; inner ramus of uropod III about 0.3 times the length of outer ramus, with simple setae on both margins; telson with simple long setae on each lobe; epimeral plates II and III obtuse; urosome segment 1 only with long setae.</p> <p> <b>Description of male.</b> Holotype (IZCAS-I-A1069-1), male 14.2 mm (Fig. 2B).</p> <p> <b>Head</b> (Fig. 12A): Eyes oval, 1.7 times as long as wide, inferior antennal sinus deep.</p> <p> <b>Antenna 1</b> (Fig. 12B, C): 1 st to 3 rd article of peduncle in length ratio 1.0: 0.9: 0.4, with 2 setae on distal corner, flagellum with 23 articles, 3 rd to 22 nd article with aesthetascs; accessory flagellum with 4 articles; both primary and accessory flagella with short distal setae.</p> <p> <b>Antenna II</b> (Fig. 12D, E): About 0.7 times as long as antenna I, 3 rd to 5 th article of peduncle in length ratio 1.0: 3.3: 3.3, 4 th and 5 th article of peduncle with lateral and medial setae; flagellum with 11 articles and 1 tiny distal article, with setae along dorsal and ventral margins; 1 st to 6 th article with calceoli.</p> <p> <b>Upper lip</b> (Fig. 12F): ventral margin rounded, bearing short minute setae.</p> <p> <b>Mandible</b> (Fig. 12H, I): left mandible incisor with 5 teeth; lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth; 1 st to 3 rd article of palp in length ratio 1.0: 2.8: 2.0, 2 nd article of palp with 12 marginal setae, 3 rd article with 4 A-setae, 2 B-setae, 24 Dsetae and 5 E-setae apically; incisor of right mandible with 4 teeth, lacinia mobilis bifurcate, with small teeth.</p> <p> <b>Lower lip</b> (Fig. 12G): inner lobes lacking, outer lobes covered with thin setae.</p> <p> <b>Maxilla I</b> (Fig. 12J, K): asymmetrical, left inner plate with 11 plumose setae on medial margin; outer plate with 11 robust serrated apical spines, each spine with small teeth; 2 nd article of left palp with 8 slender spines apically; 2 nd article of right palp with 5 stout spines and 1 slender spine.</p> <p> <b>Maxilla II</b> (Fig. 12L): inner plate with 10 plumose facial setae in an oblique row; inner and outer plates with long setae apically.</p> <p> <b>Maxilliped</b> (Fig. 12M): inner plate with 3 stout apical spines and 1 subapical spine, some plumose setae along lateral margin; outer plate bearing a row of blade spines and 5 plumose setae apically; 4 th article of palp hooked, with a group of setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod I</b> (Fig. 13A, C): coxal plate bearing 4 fine setae and 1 seta on anteroventral and posterior margins, respectively; basis with setae on anterior and posterior margins; carpus 2.5 times as long as wide, nearly the same length as propodus, posterior margin bearing short setae; propodus oval, palm with 1 medial spine and 19 spines on posterior margin and surface.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod II</b> (Fig. 13B, D): coxal plate bearing 3 fine setae and 1 seta on anteroventral and posterior margins; basis with setae on anterior and posterior margins, posterodistal corner with short setae; merus bearing some long setae on posterior margin; carpus 2.2 times as long as wide, about 0.9 times as long as propodus, with parallel margins, bearing 7 clusters of setae along ventral margin, 3 clusters of setae on dorsal margin; propodus subrectangular, palm margin with 1 medial spine and 5 spines on posterodistal corner, with 6 clusters of long setae on inner surface; dactylus with 1 seta on outer margin.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod III</b> (Fig. 14A, F): coxal plate bearing 3 fine setae and 1 seta on anteroventral and posterior margins; basis elongate, with setae along anterior and posterior margins; merus with clusters of long setae on posterior margin and 1 spine accompanied by 1 seta on anterior margin, anterodistal and posterodistal corner with 1 spine accompanied by setae respectively; carpus and propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on posterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod IV</b> (Fig. 14B, G): coxal plate excavated, bearing 3 fine setae on anteroventral corner and 4 setae on posterior margin; basis with 1 cluster of setae on anterodistal corner and 6 clusters of long setae on posterior margin; merus with clusters of long setae on posterior margin and 1 spine accompanied by 1 seta on anterior margin, anterodistal with one spine accompanied by setae; carpus and propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on posterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on anterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod V</b> (Fig. 14C, H): coxal plate bearing 3 fine setae on posterior margin; basis expanded, with 4 simple setae and 6 spines on anterior margin, anterodistal corner with 2 spines and 2 simple setae, posterior margin with a row of 14 setae; merus with 3 clusters of simple setae on anterior margin and 2 spines on posterior margin, anterodistal and posterodistal corner with 1 and 3 spines accompanied by setae respectively; carpus and propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on anterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and two setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod VI</b> (Fig. 14D, I): coxal plate bearing 4 fine setae on posterior margin; basis elongate, with 3 simple setae and 4 spines on anterior margin, anterodistal corner with 1 spine and 1 simple seta, posterior margin dwindling distally, with a row of 15 setae; merus with 2 groups of spines accompanied by setae and 1 spine on anterior and posterior margins, respectively, anterodistal and posterodistal corners with 3 spines accompanied by setae respectively; carpus and propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on anterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod VII</b> (Fig. 14E, J): coxal plate bearing 4 fine setae on posterior margin; basis expanded, posterior margin weakly narrowed distally, anterior with 3 simple setae and 5 spines, posterior with a row of 16 setae; merus with 2 groups of spines accompanied by setae and 1 spine on anterior and posterior margins, anterodistal and posterodistal corners with 2 spines accompanied by some setae, respectively; carpus and propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on anterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Coxal gills:</b> coxal gill of gnathopod II and gills of pereopods III–V a little shorter than bases; gill of pereopod VI more than half length of basis; gill of pereopod VII smallest, less than half of basis.</p> <p> <b>Epimeral plates</b> (Fig.15A–C): plate I ventrally rounded, bearing 5 setae on anteroventral margin and 4 setae on posterior margin; plate II with 3 spines on ventral margin and 7 setae on posterior margin, posterodistal corner obtuse; plate III with 3 spines and 3 simple setae on ventral margin, and 6 setae on posterior margin, posterodistal corner subrounded.</p> <p> <b>Pleopods I–III</b> (Fig. 15E–G): similar, peduncle of pleopod II with 3 retinacula accompanied by 1 seta; outer ramus slightly longer than inner ramus, both inner and outer rami fringed with plumose setae.</p> <p> <b>Urosome</b> (Fig. 15D <b>):</b> dorsally flat. Urosome segment I with clusters of setae on dorsal margin; urosome segment II with 3 spines and 6 setae on dorsal margin; urosome segment III with 2 spines and 8 setae on dorsal margin.</p> <p> <b>Uropods I–III</b> (Fig. 15H–J): uropod I peduncle with 1 basofacial spine, 2 and 1 spine on outer and inner margins, with 1 and 2 spines on inner and outer distal corners, respectively; both rami with 1 spine on inner margin and 5 terminal spines. Uropod II short, peduncle bearing 2 spines on outer margin; inner ramus with 1 spine on inner margin; both rami with 5 terminal spines. Uropod III peduncle with simple setae on posterior margin; inner ramus as long as peduncle, reaching 0.3 times the length of outer ramus, with long simple setae on inner margin and 1 distal spine accompanied by long setae; 1 st article of outer ramus with 2 groups of spines accompanied by long setae on outer margin, both margins with simple setae, terminal article slightly shorter than adjacent spines.</p> <p> <b>Telson</b> (Fig. 15K): deeply cleft, as long as wide, each lobe with 3 long setae on dorsolateral margins; left lobe bearing 1 apical spine accompanied by 5 setae, right lobe with 3 setae apically.</p> <p> <b>Description of female.</b> Paratype (IZCAS-I-A1069-2), 10.1 mm.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod I</b> (Fig. 16A, C): coxal plate bearing 6 fine setae and 1 seta on anteroventral and posterior margins, respectively; basis with 4 setae on anterior margin and long setae on posterior margin; propodus oval, palm with 6 spines on posterior margin.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod II</b> (Fig. 16B, D): coxal plate bearing 5 fine setae and 1 seta on anteroventral and posterior margins; basis with setae on anterior margin and long setae on posterior margin, posterodistal corner with short setae; propodus subrectangular, palm margin with 4 spines on posterodistal corner, bearing long setae along anterior and posterior margins; dactylus with 1 seta on outer margin.</p> <p> <b>Pereopods III–IV</b> (Fig. 17A–B, F–G): with fewer straight setae on posterior margin than those of male.</p> <p> <b>Pereopods V–VII</b> (Fig. 17C–E, H–J): basis with more setae on posterior margin than those of male.</p> <p> <b>Uropods I–III</b> (Fig. 15L–N): uropod I peduncle with 1 basofacial spine, with 1 and 2 spines on inner and outer margins, respectively, with 1 and 2 spines on inner and outer corners; inner ramus with 1 spine on inner margin; both rami with 5 terminal spines. Uropod II short, peduncle bearing 2 spines on outer margin; both rami with 1 spine and 5 terminal spines. Uropod III peduncle with 4 distal spines and some setae; inner ramus 0.8 times as long as peduncle, reaching 0.4 times the length of outer ramus, with some long setae on lateral margin and 1 distal spines; 1 st article of outer ramus with 2 pairs of spines accompanied by long setae on outer margin, both margins with simple setae, terminal article slightly shorter than adjacent spines.</p> <p> <b>Telson</b> (Fig. 16E): cleft, 1.2 times as long as wide, each lobe with long setae on dorsolateral margins and with 2 and 1 spine accompanied by 4 setae apically, respectively.</p> <p> <b>Oostegite</b> (Fig. 17K–N): oostegite of gnathopod II broad, with marginal setae, oostegite of pereopods III and IV elongate, oostegite of pereopod V smallest.</p> <p> <b>Variability.</b> The body length relatively large, more than 10 mm; the setation on posterior margins of bases in pereopods V–VII various from 10–20; outer ramus of uropod I with or without marginal spines.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> Specimens were collected along a brook in Xinsheng Bridge National Forest Park. This park is located between Nujiang River and Lancang River. With the strong cutting of these two large rivers, the topography of this park is full of deep valleys and steep mountains.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Gammarus citatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> can be distinguished from <i>G. curvativus</i> Hou & Li, 2003 by the following characters (<i>G. curvativus</i> in parentheses): accessory flagellum of antenna I with 4 articles (2 articles); palm of gnathopod I with 20 spines on posterior margin (13 spines); merus of pereopod III with spines accompanied by 1 seta on anterior margin (with 2 clusters of setae on anterior margin); telson with long setae on each lobe (short setae); epimeral plates II–III obtuse (pointed); urosome segment I only with long setae on dorsal margin (with spines accompanied by short setae).</p> <p> <i>Gammarus citatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> can also be distinguished from <i>G. paucispinus</i> Hou & Li, 2002 by the following characters (<i>G. paucispinus</i> in parentheses): calceoli present on antenna II (absent); 2 nd article of mandible armed with 12 marginal setae (5 setae); propodus of pereopod IV with simple setae on distal corner (with 4 plumose setae on distal corner); basis of pereopods V–VII with a row of 14, 15, 16 setae on posterior margins, respectively (with 10, 12, 11 setae, respectively); telson with 3 simple long setae on the surface of each lobe and only 1 spine on left lobe apically (telson with 6 simple setae and 1 plumose seta, with 1 spine on an each lobe apically); epimeral plates II and III obtuse (pointed); urosome with more long setae, 3 spines and 6 setae, 2 spines and 10 setae on dorsal margins, respectively (4 short setae, 4 clusters of 1 spine accompanied by 2 setae, 2 clusters of 1 spine accompanied by 4 setae, respectively); uropod III with simple setae on both margins (densely with simple setae).</p> <p> <i>Gammarus citatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> can be distinguished from <i>G. gregoryi</i> Tattersall, 1924 by the following characters (<i>G. gregoryi</i> in parentheses): eyes oval (reniform); accessory flagellum of antenna I with 4 articles (3 articles); palm of gnathopod I with 20 spines on posterior margin (with 6 spines on posterior margin); urosome segments I–III with long setae, 3 spines and 6 setae, 2 spines and 10 setae on dorsal margins, respectively (2 clusters of setae, 4 spines accompanied by 2 setae, 3 spines and setae, respectively).</p>Published as part of <i>HOU, ZHONGE, LI, JUNBO & LI, SHUQIANG, 2013, </i><p><i> <strong> Ten new <em> Gammarus species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China , pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 3687 (1)</em></strong></i><strong><em> on pages 18-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3687.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10098691">http://zenodo.org/record/10098691</a></em></strong></p>
Gammarus eliquatus HOU & LI & LI 2013, sp. nov.
<i>Gammarus eliquatus</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 3B, 30–35</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: male (IZCAS-I-A1074-1), 10.2 mm, Wenquan Village, Xiaguan Town (100.03°E, 25.65°N), altitude 1,688 m, Dali City, Yunnan Province, China, February 6, 2010, collected by L. Lin and H. Pu. <b>Paratype</b>: 1 female (IZCAS-I-A1074-2), 7.1 mm, same data as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is from Latin <i>eliquatus</i> (clear), in reference to the habitat of this species; adjective.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Antenna II densely with long setae on 4 th and 5 th article of pecuncle and flagellum; pereopod III with long setae from merus to propodus; inner ramus of uropod III reaching about 0.6 times the length of outer ramus, all margins with long simple setae and plumose setae; telson with long setae on each lobe.</p> <p> <b>Description of male.</b> Holotype (IZCAS-I-A1074-1), male 10.2 mm (Fig. 3B).</p> <p> <b>Head</b> (Fig. 30A): eyes reniform, 1.8 times as long as wide, inferior antennal sinus deep, lateral cephalic lobe nearly straight.</p> <p> <b>Antenna I</b> (Fig. 30B, C): 1 st to 3 rd article of peduncle in length ratio 1.0: 0.6: 0.5, with setae on distal corner; flagellum with 23 articles, 4 th to 20 th article with aesthetascs; accessory flagellum with 3 articles; both primary and accessory flagella with short distal setae.</p> <p> <b>Antenna II</b> (Fig. 30D–F): about 0.7 times as long as antenna I, 3 rd to 5 th article of peduncle in length ratio 1.0: 3.0: 4.1, 4 th and 5 th article of peduncle with 4–5 clusters of lateral and medial setae; flagellum with 9 articles and 1 tiny distal article, densely with long setae along dorsal and ventral margins; calceoli absent.</p> <p> <b>Upper lip</b> (Fig. 30G): ventral margin rounded, bearing minute setae.</p> <p> <b>Mandible</b> (Fig. 30I, J): left mandible incisor with 5 teeth; lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth; 1 st to 3 rd article of palp in length ratio 1.0: 2.8: 2.2, 2 nd article of palp armed with 14 marginal setae, 3 rd article with 4 A-setae, 4 B-setae, 17 D-setae and 5 E-setae apically; incisor of right mandible with 4 teeth, lacinia mobilis bifurcate, with small teeth.</p> <p> <b>Lower lip</b> (Fig. 30H): inner lobes lacking, outer lobes covered with thin setae.</p> <p> <b>Maxilla I</b> (Fig. 30K, L): asymmetrical, left inner plate with 13 plumose setae on medial margin; outer plate with 11 robust serrated apical spines, each spine with small teeth; 2 nd article of palp with 8 slender spines and 2 stiff setae apically; 2 nd article of right palp with 5 stout spines and 1 slender spine.</p> <p> <b>Maxilla II</b> (Fig. 30M): inner plate with 12 plumose setae in an oblique row; inner and outer plates with long setae apically.</p> <p> <b>Maxilliped</b> (Fig. 30N): inner plate with 1 subapical and 3 stout apical spines, some plumose setae along lateral margin; outer plate bearing a row of blade spines and 3 plumose setae apically; 4 th article of palp hooked, with a group of setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod I</b> (Fig. 31A, C): coxal plate bearing 3 setae and 1 seta on anterior and posterior margins; basis with setae on posterior margin; carpus 1.4 times as long as wide, about 0.8 times as long as propodus, posterior margin bearing short setae; propodus oval, palm with 1 medial spine and 11 spines on posterior margin and surface.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod II</b> (Fig. 31B, D): coxal plate bearing 3 setae and 1 seta on anterior and posterior margins; basis with setae on anterior and posterior margins, posterodistal corner with short setae; merus bearing some long setae on posterior margin; carpus 1.6 times as long as wide, about 0.8 times as long as propodus, with parallel margins, bearing 9 clusters of setae along ventral margin; propodus subrectangular, palm margin with 1 medial spine and 7 spines on posterodistal corner; dactylus with 1 seta on outer margin.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod III</b> (Fig. 32A, F): coxal plate bearing 2 setae and 1 seta on anteroventral and posterior margins; basis elongate, with setae along anterior and posterior margins; merus densely set with long setae on posterior margin and 2 spines accompanied by setae on anterior margin, anterodistal corner with some setae; carpus and propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on posterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod IV</b> (Fig. 32B, G): coxal plate excavated, bearing 3 setae on anteroventral corner and 6 setae on posterior margin; basis with setae on anteroventral margin and some long setae on posterior margin; merus with clusters of long setae on posterior margin and 1 spine accompanied by 1 seta on anterior margin, anterodistal with 1 spine accompanied by setae; carpus and propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on posterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on anterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod V</b> (Fig. 32C, H): coxal plate bearing 1 seta on anterior margin and 3 fine setae on posterior margin; basis expanded, with 3 simple setae and 1 spine on anterior margin, anterodistal corner with 1 spine, posterior margin with a row of 8 setae; merus to propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on anterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod VI</b> (Fig. 32D, I): coxal plate bearing 1 seta on anterior margin and 3 setae on posterior margin; basis elongate, with 4 simple setae and 3 spines on anterior margin, anterodistal corner with 1 spine, posterior margin dwindling distally, with a row of 11 setae; merus to propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on anterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Pereopod VII</b> (Fig. 32E, J): coxal plate bearing 6 setae on posterior margin; basis expanded, posterior margin weakly narrowed distally, anterior with 3 simple setae and 3 spines, inner surface with 3 setae, posterior with a row of 13 setae; merus to propodus with groups of spines accompanied by setae on anterior margin; dactylus with 1 plumose seta on posterior margin, and 2 setae at hinge of unguis.</p> <p> <b>Coxal gills:</b> coxal gill of gnathopod II and gills of pereopods III–V a little shorter than bases; gill of pereopod VI more than half the length of basis; gill of pereopod VII smallest, less than half of basis.</p> <p> <b>Epimeral plates</b> (Fig. 31E–G): plate I ventrally rounded, bearing 4 longer setae and 3 shorter setae on anteroventral margin, with 7 setae on posterior margin; plate II with 2 spines and 2 tiny setae on ventral margin and 7 setae on posterior margin, posterodistal corner subacute; plate III with 2 spines and 3 simple setae on ventral margin, and 6 setae on posterior margin, posterodistal corner subacute.</p> <p> <b>Pleopods I–III</b> (Fig. 33B–D): similar, peduncle with 1–2 retinacula accompanied by 2–3 setae; outer ramus slightly longer than inner ramus, both inner and outer rami fringed with plumose setae.</p> <p> <b>Urosome</b> (Fig. 33A): dorsally flat. Urosome segment I with 2 clusters of 1 spine accompanied by setae on dorsal margin, with 1 spine accompanied by setae and 1 cluster of setae on left and right sides, respectively; urosome segment II with 1-2-1 spines accompanied by setae on dorsal margin; urosome segment III with 1 spine and clusters of setae on dorsal margin.</p> <p> <b>Uropods I–III</b> (Fig. 33E–G): uropod I peduncle with 1 basofacial spine, 2 spines on outer and inner margins, 2 and 1 spine on each corner; outer ramus with 1 spine on outer and inner margins; inner ramus with 2 spines on inner margin, both rami with 5 terminal spines. Uropod II short, peduncle bearing 1 spine on outer margin, 1 distal spine on each corner; inner ramus with 2 spines on inner margin, outer ramus with 1 spine on inner margin; both rami with 5 terminal spines. Uropod III peduncle with setae on lateral margin and 3 distal spines; inner ramus about 2 times as long as peduncle, reaching 0.6 times the length of outer ramus, with long simple setae on inner margin and 2 distal spines accompanied by long setae; 1 st article of outer ramus with 2 spines accompanied by long simple setae on outer margin, inner margin densely set with long setae and few plumose setae; terminal article slightly shorter than adjacent spines.</p> <p> <b>Telson</b> (Fig. 33H): deeply cleft, about 1.2 times as long as wide, both lobes with 2 clusters of long setae on dorsolateral margins, bearing 1 apical spine accompanied by 6 long setae.</p> <p> <b>Description of female.</b> Paratype (IZCAS-I-A1074-2), 7.1 mm.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod I</b> (Fig. 34A, C): coxal plate bearing 2 fine setae on anteroventral and posterior margins respectively; basis with long setae on posterior margin; propodus oval, palm with 12 spines on posterior margin.</p> <p> <b>Gnathopod II</b> (Fig. 34B, D): coxal plate bearing 3 fine setae and 1 seta on anteroventral and posterior margins; basis with long setae on posterior margin, posterodistal corner with short setae; propodus subrectangular, palm margin with 4 spines on posterodistal corner, bearing simple setae along anterior and posterior margins; dactylus with 1 seta on outer margin.</p> <p> <b>Pereopods III and IV</b> (Fig. 35A–B, F–G): with fewer straight setae on posterior margin than those of male.</p> <p> <b>Pereopods V–VII</b> (Fig. 35C–E, H–J): similar to those of male, merus to propodus with spines accompanied by more setae.</p> <p> <b>Uropods I–III</b> (Fig. 33I–K): uropod I peduncle with 1 basofacial spine, 2 spines on outer margin and 1 spine on inner margin, with 1 spine on outer distal corner; both rami with 5 terminal spines. Uropod II short, peduncle bearing 1 spine on outer margin; each ramus with 1 spine on outer margin and 5 terminal spines. Uropod III peduncle with 5 distal spines and some setae; inner ramus 1.2 times as long as peduncle, reaching 0.6 times the length of outer ramus, with some long setae on lateral margin; 1 st article of outer ramus with 2 spines accompanied by long setae on outer margin, both margins densely set with simple setae; terminal article slightly shorter than adjacent spines.</p> <p> <b>Telson</b> (Fig. 34I): cleft, 0.8 times as long as wide, each lobe with long setae on dorsolateral margins and with 2 spines accompanied by long setae apically.</p> <p> <b>Oostegite</b> (Fig. 34E–H): oostegite of gnathopod II broad, with marginal setae, oostegites of pereopods III and IV elongate, oostegite of pereopod V smallest.</p> <p> <b>Variability.</b> The ratio of length to width for telson various from 0.8 to 1.2; the setation on dorsal margin of urosome segment III various with 1 or 2 spines accompanied by several groups of setae.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> This species was collected from a warm spring and the species is known only from the type locality (Fig. 1).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Gammarus eliquatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> can be distinguished from <i>G. stagnarius</i> Hou, Li & Morino, 2003 by the following characters (<i>G. stagnarius</i> in parentheses): 3 rd article of mandible palp with 17 D-setae (25 D-setae); antenna II with groups of long setae (short setae); inner ramus of uropod III about 0.6 times the length of outer ramus, outer margin with long simple setae (0.6 times of outer ramus; all margins with plumose setae); both lobes of telson with long setae (short setae); epimeral plates subacute (acute).</p>Published as part of <i>HOU, ZHONGE, LI, JUNBO & LI, SHUQIANG, 2013, </i><p><i> <strong> Ten new <em> Gammarus species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China , pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 3687 (1)</em></strong></i><strong><em> on pages 43-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3687.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10098691">http://zenodo.org/record/10098691</a></em></strong></p>
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