Table_1_The development and progress of health literacy in China.DOCX

Limited health literacy is a serious public health problem. It is strongly associated with increased hospital admissions and readmission, poorer self-management, and health outcomes. It can lead to poor management of chronic disease, lower health care quality, increased mortality, and higher healthcare expenditures. Understanding China's current situation and the progress of health literacy levels are critical to achieving practical solutions for improving population health. This paper intended to provide a concise overview of the key milestones and specific practices in health literacy in China. We summarized the characteristics and changing profile of health literacy from 2008 to 2020 in China. We developed an intervention framework based on social ecosystem theory for improving health literacy in China. Meanwhile, some multi-level actionable recommendations were proposed. The study revealed that China has made progress in improving health literacy in the last decades. Health literacy levels increased from 6.48% of the population in 2008 to 23.15% in 2020. Geographic disparities were substantial. The East performed better health literacy than the Central and West, and cities had higher adequate health literacy than rural areas. Social development index, age, and education level were highly associated with health literacy. A global joint effort to improve health literacy will be required. And we advocate a whole-of-society approach that involves the participation of the entire ecosystem around the targeted population.</p

Chloride intracellular channel proteins respond to heat stress in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

<div><p>Chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs) are multi-functional proteins that are expressed in various cell types and differ in their subcellular location. Two CLIC homologs, EXL-1 (<u>ex</u>cretory canal abnormal <u>l</u>ike-1) and EXC-4 (<u>exc</u>retory canal abnormal– 4), are encoded in the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> genome, providing an excellent model to study the functional diversification of CLIC proteins. EXC-4 functions in excretory canal formation during normal animal development. However, to date, the physiological function of EXL-1 remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that EXL-1 responds specifically to heat stress and translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in intestinal cells and body wall muscle cells under heat shock. In contrast, we do not observe EXC-4 nuclear translocation under heat shock. Full protein sequence analysis shows that EXL-1 bears a non-classic nuclear localization signal (NLS) that EXC-4 is lacking. All mammalian CLIC members have a nuclear localization signal, with the exception of CLIC3. Our phylogenetic analysis of the CLIC gene families across various animal species demonstrates that the duplication of CLICs in protostomes and deuterostomes occurred independently and that the NLS was subsequently lost in amniotes and nematodes, suggesting convergent evolution. We also observe that EXL-1 nuclear translocation occurs in a timely ordered manner in the intestine, from posterior to anterior regions. Finally, we find that <i>exl-1</i> loss of function mutants are more susceptible to heat stress than wild-type animals, demonstrating functional relevance of the nuclear translocation. This research provides the first link between CLICs and environmental heat stress. We propose that <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> CLICs evolved to achieve different physiological functions through subcellular localization change and spatial separation in response to external or internal signals.</p></div

EXL-1::GFP nuclear translocation in intestine occurs in an ordered manner.

<p>(A1-A3): At 20°C, EXL-1::GFP has basal nuclear accumulation at the most posterior region (arrow in A1). (B1-B4): After heat shock at 35°C for 1 hour, EXL-1::GFP nuclear accumulation still remains in the most posterior region. B4 is enlarged image of the rectangular part of B1. (C1-C4): After 2 hour of heat shock, EXL-1::GFP nuclear translocation mostly occurs between middle region (around vulva) and tail region. C4 is enlarged image of the rectangular part of C1. (D1-D3): After 3 hours of heat shock, EXL-1::GFP nuclear translocation appears in the middle region and posterior region. (E1-E3): Enlarged images show EXL-1::GFP nuclear translocation in the middle region of intestine after 3 hours of heat treatment. (F1-F3): After 4 hours of heat shock, EXL-1::GFP nuclear translocation was observed in the whole intestinal region from anterior to posterior. (G1-G3): Enlarged images of EXL-1::GFP nuclear translocation at anterior region of intestine after 4 hours of heat treatment. Image A1-3, B4, C4, E1-3, G1-3 are taken with 400 magnification power; all the other images are taken with 100 magnification power; (H): Quantification of nuclear to cytoplasmic fluorescence ratio under different heat shock treatments.</p

<i>exl-1</i> loss of function mutants are more susceptible to heat stress than wild type animals.

<p>(A): Animals were synchronized to young adult stage at 20°C and then were subjected to heat shock at 35°C. <i>exl-1</i> loss of function mutants are more sensitive to heat stress than wild type animals. (B): Animals were subjected to heat shock at 32°C. <i>exl-1</i> loss of function mutants lived significantly shorter than wild type animals. (Log-rank test was used to determine statistic power. * p value < 0.01; ** p value < 0.001)</p

EXC-4 does not accumulate into the nucleus upon heat shock.

<p>(A1-A3): At 20°C, EXC-4::GFP is targeted to seam cells (arrow in A1) and intestinal cells. (B1-B3): Upon heat shock at 35°C for 2.5 hours, EXC-4::GFP did not accumulate into the intestinal nuclei (arrow in B2).</p

Soluble Metal-Nanoparticle-Decorated Porous Coordination Polymers for the Homogenization of Heterogeneous Catalysis

Ultrasmall metal nanoparticles (MNPs) were decorated on soluble porous coordination polymers (PCPs) with high metal loadings. The solubility of the composite and the size of the MNPs can be controlled by varying the ratio of the precursors to the supports. The soluble PCPs can serve as a platform to homogenize heterogeneous MNPs catalysts, which exhibited excellent activity and recyclability in C–H activation and Suzuki reactions. This strategy combines the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and may bring new inspiration to catalysis

Table_1_Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of Glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.doc

PurposeGlypican-3 (GPC-3) expression is abnormal in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To explore whether GPC-3 has diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of HCC, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched with keywords “GPC-3” and “HCC” and their MeSH terms from inception to July 2022. We applied the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model and evaluated the diagnostic value of GPC-3 alone and combination, and the correlation between high and low GPC-3 expression on clinicopathological features and survival data in prognosis.ResultsForty-one original publications with 6,305 participants were included, with 25 of them providing data for diagnostic value and 18 records were eligible for providing prognostic value of GPC-3. GPC-3 alone got good diagnostic value in patients with HCC when compared with healthy control and moderate diagnostic value when compared with patients with cirrhosis. In addition, combination of GPC-3 + AFP and GPC-3 + GP73 got great diagnostic value in HCC versus cirrhosis groups; the combination of GPC-3 can also improve the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers. Moreover, we discovered that overexpression of GPC-3 was more likely found in HBV infection, late tumor stage, and microvascular invasion groups and causes shorter overall survival and disease free survival, which means poor prognosis.ConclusionGCP-3 could be used as a biomarker in HCC diagnosis and prognosis, especially in evaluated diagnostic value in combination with AFP or GP73, and in forecasting worse survival data of overexpression GPC-3Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier [CRD42022351566].</p

Sequence analysis of CLICs.

<p>(A): A putative NLS sequence is identified in EXL-1 protein sequence, but not in EXC-4. All human CLICs have a NLS motif except CLIC3 (shown here CLIC2 and CLIC4). EXL-1, CLIC2, and CLIC4 share conserved residues Lys at P2 (second binding position to importin-α) and Lys/Arg at P5. Both EXC-4 and CLIC3 sequences, however, lack NLS. Conserved amino acids are in red. NLS from CLIC are underlined. Two amino acids at P2 and P5 are bolded (B): Phylogenetic relationships among animal CLIC proteins. The tree was built using the maximum likelihood method. Nodes with higher than 70% bootstrap support are indicated with a star.</p

Table_3_Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of Glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.doc

PurposeGlypican-3 (GPC-3) expression is abnormal in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To explore whether GPC-3 has diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of HCC, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched with keywords “GPC-3” and “HCC” and their MeSH terms from inception to July 2022. We applied the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model and evaluated the diagnostic value of GPC-3 alone and combination, and the correlation between high and low GPC-3 expression on clinicopathological features and survival data in prognosis.ResultsForty-one original publications with 6,305 participants were included, with 25 of them providing data for diagnostic value and 18 records were eligible for providing prognostic value of GPC-3. GPC-3 alone got good diagnostic value in patients with HCC when compared with healthy control and moderate diagnostic value when compared with patients with cirrhosis. In addition, combination of GPC-3 + AFP and GPC-3 + GP73 got great diagnostic value in HCC versus cirrhosis groups; the combination of GPC-3 can also improve the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers. Moreover, we discovered that overexpression of GPC-3 was more likely found in HBV infection, late tumor stage, and microvascular invasion groups and causes shorter overall survival and disease free survival, which means poor prognosis.ConclusionGCP-3 could be used as a biomarker in HCC diagnosis and prognosis, especially in evaluated diagnostic value in combination with AFP or GP73, and in forecasting worse survival data of overexpression GPC-3Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier [CRD42022351566].</p

Table_5_Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of Glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.doc

PurposeGlypican-3 (GPC-3) expression is abnormal in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To explore whether GPC-3 has diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of HCC, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched with keywords “GPC-3” and “HCC” and their MeSH terms from inception to July 2022. We applied the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model and evaluated the diagnostic value of GPC-3 alone and combination, and the correlation between high and low GPC-3 expression on clinicopathological features and survival data in prognosis.ResultsForty-one original publications with 6,305 participants were included, with 25 of them providing data for diagnostic value and 18 records were eligible for providing prognostic value of GPC-3. GPC-3 alone got good diagnostic value in patients with HCC when compared with healthy control and moderate diagnostic value when compared with patients with cirrhosis. In addition, combination of GPC-3 + AFP and GPC-3 + GP73 got great diagnostic value in HCC versus cirrhosis groups; the combination of GPC-3 can also improve the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers. Moreover, we discovered that overexpression of GPC-3 was more likely found in HBV infection, late tumor stage, and microvascular invasion groups and causes shorter overall survival and disease free survival, which means poor prognosis.ConclusionGCP-3 could be used as a biomarker in HCC diagnosis and prognosis, especially in evaluated diagnostic value in combination with AFP or GP73, and in forecasting worse survival data of overexpression GPC-3Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier [CRD42022351566].</p