Spatial-domain interferometer for measuring plasma mirror expansion

International audienceWe present a practical spatial-domain interferometer for characterizing the electronic density gradient of laser- induced plasma mirrors with sub-30-femtosecond temporal resolution. Time-resolved spatial imaging of an intensity- shaped pulse reflecting off an expanding plasma mirror in- duced by a time-delayed pre-pulse allows us to measure characteristic plasma gradients of 10–100 nm with an ex- pansion velocity of 10.8 nm/ps. Spatial-domain interferom- etry (SDI) can be generalized to the ultrafast imaging of nm to μm size laser-induced phenomena at surfaces

High-contrast Ultrabroadband Frontend Source for High Intensity Few-Cycle Lasers

An ultrabroadband seed source for high-power, high-contrast OPCPA systems at 800 nm is presented. The source is based on post compression in a hollow-core fiber followed by crossed polarized waves (XPW) filtering and is capable of delivering 80$\mu$J, 5fs, CEP-stable (0.3rad RMS) pulses with excellent spectral and temporal qualit

Passive coherent combining of CEP-stable few-cycles pulses from a temporally divided hollow fiber compressor

International audienceWe demonstrate a simple and robust passive coherent combining technique for temporal compression of millijouleenergy laser pulses down to few-cycle duration in a gas-filled hollow fiber. High combining efficiency is achieved byusing carefully oriented calcite plates for temporal pulse division and recombination. Carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-stable, 6-fs, 800-nm pulses with more than 0.6 mJ energy are routinely generated. This method could aid in theenergy scaling of CEP-stable hollow-fiber compressor systems

Energy-scalable temporal cleaning device for femtosecond laser pulsesbased on cross-polarized wave generation

International audienceWe report on a compact energy-scalable device for generating high-fidelity femtosecond laser pulses based on spatial filtering through a hollow-core fiber followed by a nonlinear crystal for crosspolarized wave (XPW) generation. This versatile device is suited for temporal pulse cleaning over a wide range of input energies (from 0.1 to >10 mJ) and is successfully qualified on different ultrafast laser systems. Full characterization of the XPW output is presented. In particular, we demonstrate the generation of 1.6 mJ energy pulses starting from 11 mJ input pulse energy. The temporal contrast of the pulses is enhanced by more than 4 orders of magnitude. In addition, pulse shortening from 40 fs down to 15 fs Fourier-transform limit yields an overall peak-power transmission of up to 50%. This device not only serves as an integrated pulse contrast filter inside an ultrafast laser amplifier but also as a simple back-end solution for temporal post-compression of amplified pulses

Spatial light modulators

Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) are quasiplanar devices, allowing for the modulation of the amplitude, phase and polarization, or a combination of these parameters of an incident light beam according to the two spatial dimensions of the modulator. SLMs are employed in many different fields and are the subject of continuous technological development

Génération d'impulsions laser ultra-brèves et ultra-intenses à contraste temporel élevé

The topic of this thesis work concerns the design and the characterization of an efficient device devoted to the temporal contrast improvement for ultra-intense femtosecond laser pulses. The contrast is defined as the intensity ratio between the main femtosecond pulse and its nanosecond pedestal. This pedestal is the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), inherent with laser amplification mechanism. The ASE background has dramatic effects for laser-matter interactions on a solid target.The presented work consists in the theoretical and experimental study of a temporal filter based on a third order nonlinear effect acting on the pulse polarization. We have studied several kinds of nonlinear filters. The selected device is based on the process of cross-polarized wave generation (XPW) in crystals with an anisotropic third-order nonlinear susceptibility. This nonlinear filter has been experimented on various femtosecond systems. It allows a contrast improvement of several orders of magnitude, as demonstrated by temporal profiles measurements on a large intensity dynamic. A device to improve the nonlinear process conversion efficiency, it means the filter transmission, has also been achieved. This method is based on constructive interferences between XPW signals generated in different crystals. This setup has made it possible to reach experimentally the maximum theoretical efficiency ( > 20%) and in the same time ensures the system stability. At least, we have demonstrated that the filter preserves, or even improves, spectral and spatial qualities of the laser pulse.These results are thus particularly promising and allow contemplating the implementation of the filter in current femtosecond systems.Ce travail de thèse a porté sur la conception et la caractérisation d'un dispositif efficace pour l'amélioration du contraste d'impulsions laser femtosecondes ultra-intenses. La notion de contraste désigne le rapport d'intensité entre l'impulsion proprement dite et son piédestal, de durée nanoseconde. Ce piédestal est constitué par l'émission spontanée amplifiée (ASE pour Amplified Spontaneous Emission), inhérent au mécanisme d'amplification laser et particulièrement néfaste pour les interactions laser-matière sur cible solide.Le travail présenté consiste en l'étude théorique et expérimentale d'un filtre temporel basé sur un effet non linéaire du troisième ordre, agissant sur la polarisation de l'impulsion. Nous avons étudié plusieurs déclinaisons de ce principe. Le dispositif finalement retenu repose sur la génération d'une onde polarisée orthogonalement (XPW) dans des matériaux cristallins dont la susceptibilité non linéaire d'ordre trois est anisotrope. Ce filtre non linéaire a été testé sur différents systèmes femtosecondes et permet l'amélioration du contraste sur plusieurs ordres de grandeur, comme le confirment les mesures de profils temporels sur une grande dynamique réalisées après filtrage. Nous avons également conçu un dispositif pour optimiser l'efficacité de conversion du processus non linéaire, c'est-à-dire la transmission du filtre. Cette méthode consiste à générer des interférences constructives entre les signaux XPW émis dans des cristaux distincts. Dans ces conditions, l'efficacité de transmission théorique (supérieure à 20%) est atteinte expérimentalement et dans le même temps la stabilité du système est assurée. Nous avons enfin démontré que le filtre préserve, voire améliore, les qualités spectrales et spatiales de l'impulsion. Ces résultats sont donc particulièrement prometteurs et permettent d'envisager l'implémentation définitive du filtre dans les systèmes femtosecondes

Génération d'impulsions laser ultra brèves et ultra intenses à contraste temporel élevé

PALAISEAU-Polytechnique (914772301) / SudocSudocFranceF