Cellular tracking in time-lapse phase contrast images

The quantitative analysis of live cells is a key issue in evaluating biological processes. The current clinical practice involves the application of a tedious and time consuming manual tracking procedure on large amount of data. As a result, automatic tracking systems are currently developed and evaluated. However, problems caused by cellular division, agglomeration, Brownian motion and topology changes are difficult issues that have to be accommodated by automatic tracking techniques. In this paper, we detail the development of a fully automated multi-target tracking system that is able to deal with Brownian motion and cellular division. During the tracking process our approach includes the neighbourhood relationship and motion history to enforce the cellular tracking continuity in the spatial and temporal domain. The experimental results reported in this paper indicate that our method is able to accurately track cellular structures in time-lapse data

Mitochondrially-Encoded Adenosine Triphosphate Synthase 6 Gene Haplotype Variation Among World Population During 2003-2013

Background: Adaptation and natural selection serve as an important part of evolution. Adaptation in molecular level can lead to genetic drift which causes mutation of genetic material; one of which is polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The aim of this study is to verify the polymorphism of mitochondrially-encoded Adenosine Triphosphate synthase6gene (MT-ATP6) as one of mtDNA building blocks among tropic, sub-tropic, and polar areas. Methods: This descriptive quantitative research used 3,210 mtDNA sequences, taken from GenBank, as secondary data from 27 different populations. The data were grouped into 3 population groups based on the climates of their location. After grouping, the sequences were then aligned and trimmed using Unipro EUGENE, and analysed by Arlequin and MitoTool. Results: Results demonstrated 21 haplotypes distributed among 3 populations with variations between each climate population. In the tropic and sub-tropic populations, the dominant haplotype is h1 while h6 is dominant in the polar population. Conclusions: There is a variation of haplotype polymorphism between tropic, sub-tropic, and polar climate population. &nbsp

Non-collinear interaction of photons with orbital angular momentum

We elucidate the consequences of a phase-matching theory that describes second-harmonic generation of two non-collinear incident light beams that carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). More specifically, the two incident beams generate a third that, depending on the incident OAM, may experience a significantly smaller conversion efficiency in comparison to that based on the conventional phase-matching theory. This is the case even for incident angles substantially less than those required for non-conservation of OAM in the nonlinear interaction. Experiments are performed under different conditions and are in excellent agreement with the theory. Our results have implications beyond the specific case studied here of second-harmonic generation, in particular for parametric down-conversion of photons.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Magnetic Field Evolution in Giant Radio Relics using the example of CIZA J2242.8+5301

Giant radio relics are the arc-shaped diffuse radio emission regions observed in the outskirts of some merging galaxy clusters. They are believed to trace shock-waves in the intra-cluster medium. Recent observations demonstrated that some prominent radio relics exhibit a steepening above 2 GHz in their radio spectrum. This challenges standard theoretical models because shock acceleration is expected to accelerate electrons to very high energies with a power-law distribution in momentum. In this work we attempt to reconcile these data with the shock-acceleration scenario. We propose that the spectral steepening may be caused by the highest energy electrons emitting preferentially in lower magnetic fields than the bulk of synchrotron bright electrons in relics. Here, we focus on a model with an increasing mag- netic field behind the shock front, which quickly saturates and then declines. We derive the time-evolution of cosmic-ray electron spectra in time variable magnetic fields and an expanding medium. We then apply the formalism on the large radio relic in the cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301 (the Sausage relic). We show that under favourable circumstances of magnetic field amplification downstream, our model can explain the observed radio spectrum, the brightness profile and the spectral index profile of the relic. A possible interpretation for the required amplification of the magnetic field downstream is a dynamo acting behind the shock with an injection scale of magnetic turbulence of about 10 kpc. Our models require injection efficiencies of CRe - which are in tension with simple diffusive shock acceleration from the thermal pool. We show that this problem can likely be alleviated considering pre-existing CRe.Comment: 18 pages, 3 tables, 14 figure

On the Diophantine Equation 2x+17y=Z22^x + 17^y =Z^2

We show that the Diophantine equation 2x+ 17y = z^2, has exactlyve solutions (x; y; z) in positive integers. The only solutions are (3; 1; 5), (5; 1; 7),(6; 1; 9), (7; 3; 71) and (9; 1; 23). This note, in turn, addresses an open problemproposed by Sroysang in [10].DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jims.22.2.422.177-18

PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI ETIS TERHADAP ORGANIZA-TIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) DENGAN KOMUNIKASI TRANSPARAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PERUS-AHAAN PERBANKAN DI KABUPATEN GRESIK

Digitalization has affected all aspects of business including the banking business. Digitalization has increased efficiency in work, especially regarding the need for human resources. Digitalization has reduced the quantity of human resources needed thereby increasing the demand for quality employees. One of the required employee characteristics is high organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This study analyzes the influence of ethical organizational culture on OCB with transparent communication as an intervening variable in banking companies in Gresik district. Data were collected from 160 respondents using a non-probability sampling technique using purposive sampling. SEM-PLS is used in the analysis of research data. The research results obtained are hypotheses 1 and 2 are accepted, while hypotheses 3 and 4 are rejected. The results also show that ethical organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on transparent communication, ethical organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior, transparent communication has a positive but not significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior, and transparent communication has no mediating effect on organizational culture. ethical on organizational citizenship behavior

Coherent control of light interaction with graphene

We report the experimental observation of all-optical modulation of light in a graphene film. The graphene film is scanned across a standing wave formed by two counter-propagating laser beams in a Sagnac interferometer. Through a coherent absorption process the on-axis transmission is modulated with close to 80% efficiency. Furthermore we observe modulation of the scattered energy by mapping the off-axis scattered optical signal: scattering is minimized at a node of the standing wave pattern and maximized at an antinode. The results highlight the possibility to switch and modulate any given optical interaction with deeply sub-wavelength films.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure