Spatial expansions and travelling waves of rabies in vampire bats

A major obstacle to anticipating the cross-species transmission of zoonotic diseases and developing novel strategies for their control is the scarcity of data informing how these pathogens circulate within natural reservoir populations. Vampire bats are the primary reservoir of rabies in Latin America, where the disease remains among the most important viral zoonoses affecting humans and livestock. Unpredictable spatiotemporal dynamics of rabies within bat populations have precluded anticipation of outbreaks and undermined widespread bat culling programs. By analysing 1146 vampire bat-transmitted rabies (VBR) outbreaks in livestock across 12 years in Peru, we demonstrate that viral expansions into historically uninfected zones have doubled the recent burden of VBR. Viral expansions are geographically widespread, but severely constrained by high elevation peaks in the Andes mountains. Within Andean valleys, invasions form wavefronts that are advancing towards large, unvaccinated livestock populations that are heavily bitten by bats, which together will fuel high transmission and mortality. Using spatial models, we forecast the pathways of ongoing VBR epizootics across heterogeneous landscapes. These results directly inform vaccination strategies to mitigate impending viral emergence, reveal VBR as an emerging rather than an enzootic disease and create opportunities to test novel interventions to manage viruses in bat reservoirs

International Adjustment with Wage Rigidity

Two of the puzzling macroeconomic phenomena of the 1970s have been the persistent stagnation in Europe, and the disagreement between the U.S. and Europe on the feasibility of recovery by demand expansion. This paper develops the hypothesis that the source of both the stagnation and the policy differences is money-wage stickiness in the U.S. and real-wage stickiness in Europe and Japan. A real wage which is sticky above its equilibrium level in Europe and Japan would account for stagnation and infeasibility of recovery by demand expansion. The theoretical models are developed in both the one-commodity and two-commodity-bundle cases. The empirical results confirm that in the U.S. the nominal wage adjusts slowly toward equilibrium, while in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the U.K. the real wage adjusts slowly.

Negative Cell Cycle Regulation and DNA Damage-inducible Phosphorylation of the BRCT Protein 53BP1

In a screen designed to discover suppressors of mitotic catastrophe, we identified the Xenopus ortholog of 53BP1 (X53BP1), a BRCT protein previously identified in humans through its ability to bind the p53 tumor suppressor. X53BP1 transcripts are highly expressed in ovaries, and the protein interacts with Xp53 throughout the cell cycle in embryonic extracts. However, no interaction between X53BP1 and Xp53 can be detected in somatic cells, suggesting that the association between the two proteins may be developmentally regulated. X53BP1 is modified via phosphorylation in a DNA damage-dependent manner that correlates with the dispersal of X53BP1 into multiple foci throughout the nucleus in somatic cells. Thus, X53BP1 can be classified as a novel participant in the DNA damage response pathway. We demonstrate that X53BP1 and its human ortholog can serve as good substrates in vitro as well as in vivo for the ATM kinase. Collectively, our results reveal that 53BP1 plays an important role in the checkpoint response to DNA damage, possibly in collaboration with ATM

Devices and methods for quantum logic

In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to a quantum logic device which, in one embodiment, includes: at least two two-level emitters (TLEs); and a waveguide in a photonic crystal, the waveguide being coupled to the TLEs and configured for two propagating modes, the two propagating modes consisting of a left-traveling mode and a right-traveling mode, and wherein the TLEs and waveguide are configured such that a traveling photon interacting with a TLE of the TLEs is scattered into either the left-traveling mode or right-traveling mode

EVASIÓN TRIBUTARIA: TENDENCIAS, RETOS Y OPORTUNIDADES. UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA

Objetivo: Este artículo revisa la literatura sobre la evasión tributaria y el desarrollo económico en países emergentes, analizando cómo la evasión fiscal afecta la capacidad de los gobiernos para financiar servicios públicos y promover el crecimiento económico sostenible.   Marco Teórico: Se exploran estudios relevantes sobre patrones globales en la evasión fiscal, el impacto de la economía informal y las limitaciones de recursos en la administración tributaria. La literatura destaca la importancia de estrategias efectivas para ampliar la base tributaria, la cooperación internacional y la adopción de tecnologías emergentes.   Método: La investigación sigue un enfoque de revisión sistemática, identificando y analizando estudios académicos y datos relevantes sobre la evasión fiscal y su impacto en el desarrollo económico.   Resultados y Discusión: La revisión revela tendencias, retos y oportunidades en la administración fiscal, subrayando la necesidad de fortalecer las políticas fiscales en contextos de alta informalidad y corrupción. Se destacan las barreras que enfrentan los gobiernos para implementar estrategias efectivas de recaudación en economías emergentes.   Implicaciones de la Investigación: Las recomendaciones incluyen la implementación de tecnologías emergentes y la cooperación internacional como herramientas clave para mejorar la administración tributaria.   Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio aporta una perspectiva comprensiva sobre cómo la evasión fiscal limita el desarrollo económico en países emergentes y propone estrategias para mitigar sus efectos negativos

Distinct Lysosomal Network Protein Profiles in Parkinsonian Syndrome Cerebrospinal Fluid.

BackgroundClinical diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes like Parkinson's disease (PD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is hampered by overlapping symptomatology and lack of diagnostic biomarkers, and definitive diagnosis is only possible post-mortem.ObjectiveSince impaired protein degradation plays an important role in many neurodegenerative disorders, we hypothesized that profiles of select lysosomal network proteins in cerebrospinal fluid could be differentially expressed in these parkinsonian syndromes.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from PD patients (n = 18), clinically diagnosed 4-repeat tauopathy patients; corticobasal syndrome (CBS) (n = 3) and PSP (n = 8); and pathologically diagnosed PSP (n = 8) and CBD patients (n = 7). Each patient set was compared to its appropriate control group consisting of age and gender matched individuals. Select lysosomal network protein levels were detected via Western blotting. Factor analysis was used to test the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the select lysosomal network protein expression profiles.ResultsPD, CBD and PSP were markedly different in their cerebrospinal fluid lysosomal network protein profiles. Lysosomal-associated membrane proteins 1 and 2 were significantly decreased in PD; early endosomal antigen 1 was decreased and lysozyme increased in PSP; and lysosomal-associated membrane proteins 1 and 2, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 and lysozyme were increased in CBD. A panel of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2, lysozyme and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain discriminated between controls, PD and 4-repeat tauopathies.ConclusionsThis study offers proof of concept that select lysosomal network proteins are differentially expressed in cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease, corticobasal syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy. Lysosomal network protein analysis could be further developed as a diagnostic fluid biomarker in parkinsonian syndromes