Molecular Imaging of Microglial Activation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

There is growing evidence of activated microglia and inflammatory processes in the cerebral cortex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Activated microglia is characterized by increased expression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in the brain and may be a useful biomarker of inflammation. In this study, we evaluated neuroinflammation in ALS patients using a radioligand of TSPO, 18F-DPA-714. Ten patients with probable or definite ALS (all right-handed, without dementia, and untreated by riluzole or other medication that might bias the binding on the TSPO), were enrolled prospectively and eight healthy controls matched for age underwent a PET study. Comparison of the distribution volume ratios between both groups were performed using a Mann-Whitney’s test. Significant increase of distribution of volume ratios values corresponding to microglial activation was found in the ALS sample in primary motor, supplementary motor and temporal cortex (p = 0.009, p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). These results suggested that the cortical uptake of 18F-DPA-714 was increased in ALS patients during the ‘‘time of diagnosis’’ phase of the disease. This finding might improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of ALS and might be a surrogate marker of efficacy of treatment on microglial activation

1H-NMR-Based Metabolomic Profiling of CSF in Early Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Background: Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are complex and none has identified reliable markers useful in routine patient evaluation. The aim of this study was to analyze the CSF of patients with ALS by 1 H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy in order to identify biomarkers in the early stages of the disease, and to evaluate the biochemical factors involved in ALS. Methodology: CSF samples were collected from patients with ALS at the time of diagnosis and from patients without neurodegenerative diseases. One and two-dimensional 1 H NMR analyses were performed and metabolites were quantified by the ERETIC method. We compared the concentrations of CSF metabolites between both groups. Finally, we performed principal component (PCA) and discriminant analyses. Principal Findings: Fifty CSF samples from ALS patients and 44 from controls were analyzed. We quantified 17 metabolites including amino-acids, organic acids, and ketone bodies. Quantitative analysis revealed significantly lower acetate concentrations (p = 0.0002) in ALS patients compared to controls. Concentration of acetone trended higher (p = 0.015), and those of pyruvate (p = 0.002) and ascorbate (p = 0.003) were higher in the ALS group. PCA demonstrated that the pattern of analyzed metabolites discriminated between groups. Discriminant analysis using an algorithm of 17 metabolites reveale

Evaluation du Grip-test dans les maladies métaboliques

TOURS-BU Médecine (372612103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Genetics of sporadic amyotrophic lateral scelrosis

La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodégénérative d’évolution toujours fatale. Dans les formes sporadiques (SLAS), l’étiologie demeure inconnue et l’hypothèse d’une participation génétique dans le cadre d’un modèle de maladie complexe est envisagée. Notre travail porte sur deux gènes de susceptibilité dans la SLAS : le gène de l’Apolipoprotéine E (APOE) et le gène impliqué dans l’hémochromatose familiale de type 1 (HFE). Notre première étude confirme sur une population de 1482 patients atteints de SLA sporadique le lien entre allèle ε4 et la forme bulbaire de la maladie mais uniquement chez les hommes. Nous proposons une explication physiopathologique faisant intervenir le récepteur aux androgènes, particulièrement exprimé au niveau des motoneurones bulbaires. Notre deuxième étude sur 244 patients et 302 contrôles ne retrouve pas l’association entre le polymorphisme H63D et le risque de SLA sporadique notée dans d’autres populations. En revanche, l’allèle Y du polymorphisme C282Y semble exercer un effet protecteur vis-à-vis de la SLA. Ces données sont discutées dans le contexte de l’hypothèse physiopathologique du stress oxydant.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. The cause of sporadic cases (SALS) remains unknown but a genetic participation in a model of complex disease is suspected. Our work concerns two susceptibility genes for SALS: Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) and the gene involved in familial hemochromatosis (HFE). Our first study including 1482 patients with SALS confirms a link between ε4 allele and bulbar-onset of the disease, only in men. We suggest a pathophysiological explanation with a role for the androgen receptor which is particularly abundant in motor neurons of the brainstem. Our second study about 244 patients and 302 controls did not find any association between the H63D polymorphism and SLAS, which has previously been showed. However, the Y allele of the C282Y polymorphism seems to exert a protective effect against SALS. We discuss these data within the pathophysiological hypothesis of oxidative stress in ALS

Pronostic d'éveil et de non éveil dans le coma (étude de faisabilité)

TOURS-BU Médecine (372612103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Génétique des formes sporadiques de sclérose latérale amyotrophique

La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodégénérative d évolution toujours fatale. Dans les formes sporadiques (SLAS), l étiologie demeure inconnue et l hypothèse d une participation génétique dans le cadre d un modèle de maladie complexe est envisagée. Notre travail porte sur deux gènes de susceptibilité dans la SLAS : le gène de l Apolipoprotéine E (APOE) et le gène impliqué dans l hémochromatose familiale de type 1 (HFE). Notre première étude confirme sur une population de 1482 patients atteints de SLA sporadique le lien entre allèle 4 et la forme bulbaire de la maladie mais uniquement chez les hommes. Nous proposons une explication physiopathologique faisant intervenir le récepteur aux androgènes, particulièrement exprimé au niveau des motoneurones bulbaires. Notre deuxième étude sur 244 patients et 302 contrôles ne retrouve pas l association entre le polymorphisme H63D et le risque de SLA sporadique notée dans d autres populations. En revanche, l allèle Y du polymorphisme C282Y semble exercer un effet protecteur vis-à-vis de la SLA. Ces données sont discutées dans le contexte de l hypothèse physiopathologique du stress oxydant.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. The cause of sporadic cases (SALS) remains unknown but a genetic participation in a model of complex disease is suspected. Our work concerns two susceptibility genes for SALS: Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) and the gene involved in familial hemochromatosis (HFE). Our first study including 1482 patients with SALS confirms a link between 4 allele and bulbar-onset of the disease, only in men. We suggest a pathophysiological explanation with a role for the androgen receptor which is particularly abundant in motor neurons of the brainstem. Our second study about 244 patients and 302 controls did not find any association between the H63D polymorphism and SLAS, which has previously been showed. However, the Y allele of the C282Y polymorphism seems to exert a protective effect against SALS. We discuss these data within the pathophysiological hypothesis of oxidative stress in ALS.TOURS-Bibl.électronique (372610011) / SudocSudocFranceF

Histoire naturelle de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique en centre de prise en charge multidisciplinaire de 1999 à 2006

TOURS-BU Médecine (372612103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Etude du système dopaminergique par tomographie par émission monophotonique (apport dans le diagnostic précoce des maladies parkinsoniennes)

TOURS-BU Médecine (372612103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Trifunctional protein beta subunit (HADHB) mutations associated with periodic paralysis phenotype

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Study of the HFE gene common polymorphisms in French patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

International audienceOur objective was to investigate whether the C282Y (p.Cys 282 Tyr) and H63D (p. His 63 Asp) HFE polymorphisms were associated with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) in the French population. We searched for a relation of HFE polymorphisms with the clinical characteristics of the disease. The HFE polymorphisms were studied in 824 patients with SALS and 583 controls. We compared the frequency of the polymorphisms between SALS and controls groups by univariate and multivariate statistics, taking into account gender, site, age-at-onset and survival. We did not observe significant difference in the frequency of H63D polymorphism between SALS and control group. We observed a significant difference for C282Y between patients and controls with a low frequency of the Y allele in patients (3.2%) compared to our control group (5.9%). Disease duration, distribution of gender, site-of-onset, age-at-onset did not differ between groups taking into account genotypes of each polymorphism. Our results in this large cohort of ALS patients indicate that H63D polymorphism is not associated with SALS in the French population. This conclusion does not exclude a weak effect of the HFE gene polymorphisms in certain ALS populations, or an effect of other rare HFE gene variants