5,348 research outputs found
A functional calculus for the magnetization dynamics
A functional calculus approach is applied to the derivation of evolution
equations for the moments of the magnetization dynamics of systems subject to
stochastic fields. It allows us to derive a general framework for obtaining the
master equation for the stochastic magnetization dynamics, that is applied to
both, Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics. The formalism is applied for
studying different kinds of interactions, that are of practical relevance and
hierarchies of evolution equations for the moments of the distribution of the
magnetization are obtained. In each case, assumptions are spelled out, in order
to close the hierarchies. These closure assumptions are tested by extensive
numerical studies, that probe the validity of Gaussian or non--Gaussian closure
Ans\"atze.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Non-Markovian magnetization dynamics for uniaxial nanomagnets
A stochastic approach for the description of the time evolution of the
magnetization of nanomagnets is proposed, that interpolates between the
Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert and the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch approximations, by
varying the strength of the noise. Its finite autocorrelation time, i.e. when
it may be described as colored, rather than white, is, also, taken into account
and the consequences, on the scale of the response of the magnetization are
investigated. It is shown that the hierarchy for the moments of the
magnetization can be closed, by introducing a suitable truncation scheme, whose
validity is tested by direct numerical solution of the moment equations and
compared to the averages obtained from a numerical solution of the
corresponding colored stochastic Langevin equation. This comparison is
performed on magnetic systems subject to both an external uniform magnetic
field and an internal one-site uniaxial anisotropy.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Quantum Magnets and Matrix Lorenz Systems
The Landau--Lifshitz--Gilbert equations for the evolution of the
magnetization, in presence of an external torque, can be cast in the form of
the Lorenz equations and, thus, can describe chaotic fluctuations. To study
quantum effects, we describe the magnetization by matrices, that take values in
a Lie algebra. The finite dimensionality of the representation encodes the
quantum fluctuations, while the non-linear nature of the equations can describe
chaotic fluctuations. We identify a criterion, for the appearance of such
non-linear terms. This depends on whether an invariant, symmetric tensor of the
algebra can vanish or not. This proposal is studied in detail for the
fundamental representation of
. We find a knotted
structure for the attractor, a bimodal distribution for the largest Lyapunov
exponent and that the dynamics takes place within the Cartan subalgebra, that
does not contain only the identity matrix, thereby can describe the quantum
fluctuations.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Uses jpconf style. Presented at the ICM-SQUARE 4
conference, Madrid, August 2014. The topic is a special case of the content
of 1404.7774, currently under revisio
Colored-noise magnetization dynamics: from weakly to strongly correlated noise
Statistical averaging theorems allow us to derive a set of equations for the
averaged magnetization dynamics in the presence of colored (non-Markovian)
noise. The non-Markovian character of the noise is described by a finite
auto-correlation time, tau, that can be identified with the finite response
time of the thermal bath to the system of interest. Hitherto, this model was
only tested for the case of weakly correlated noise (when tau is equivalent or
smaller than the integration timestep). In order to probe its validity for a
broader range of auto-correlation times, a non-Markovian integration model,
based on the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation is presented.
Comparisons between the two models are discussed, and these provide evidence
that both formalisms remain equivalent, even for strongly correlated noise
(i.e. tau much larger than the integration timestep).Comment: 4 pages LaTeX2e, 3 EPS figures; uses IEEEtran.cl
Closing the hierarchy for non-Markovian magnetization dynamics
We propose a stochastic approach for the description of the time evolution of
the magnetization of nanomagnets, that interpolates between the
Landau--Lifshitz--Gilbert and the Landau--Lifshitz--Bloch approximations, by
varying the strength of the noise. In addition, we take into account the
autocorrelation time of the noise and explore the consequences, when it is
finite, on the scale of the response of the magnetization, i.e. when it may be
described as colored, rather than white, noise and non-Markovian features
become relevant. We close the hierarchy for the moments of the magnetization,
by introducing a suitable truncation scheme, whose validity is tested by direct
numerical solution of the moment equations and compared to the average deduced
from a numerical solution of the corresponding stochastic Langevin equation. In
this way we establish a general framework, that allows both coarse-graining
simulations and faster calculations beyond the truncation approximation used
here.Comment: 5 pages LaTeX2e, 2 EPS figures; uses elsarticle.cls. Presented at HMM
2015, 10th International Symposium on Hysteresis Modeling and Micromagnetic
Auditory smiles trigger unconscious facial imitation
Smiles, produced by the bilateral contraction of the zygomatic major muscles, are one of the most powerful expressions of positive affect and affiliation and also one of the earliest to develop [1]. The perception-action loop responsible for the fast and spontaneous imitation of a smile is considered a core component of social cognition [2]. In humans, social interaction is overwhelmingly vocal, and the visual cues of a smiling face co-occur with audible articulatory changes on the speaking voice [3]. Yet remarkably little is known about how such 'auditory smiles' are processed and reacted to. We have developed a voice transformation technique that selectively simulates the spectral signature of phonation with stretched lips and report here how we have used this technique to study facial reactions to smiled and non-smiled spoken sentences, finding that listeners' zygomatic muscles tracked auditory smile gestures even when they did not consciously detect them
Forecasting world and regional aviation Jet-Fuel demands to the mid term (2025).
This article provides jet fuel demand projections at the worldwide level and for eight geographical zones until 2025. Air traffic forecasts are performed using dynamic panel-data econometrics. Then, the conversion of air traffic projections into quantities of jet fuel is accomplished by using a complementary approach to the ‘Traffic Efficiency’ method developed previously by the UK Department of Trade and Industry to support the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 1999). According to our main scenario, air traffic should increase by about 100% between 2008 and 2025 at the world level, corresponding to a yearly average growth rate of 4.7%. World jet fuel demand is expected to increase by about 38% during the same period, corresponding to a yearly average growth rate of 1.9% per year. According to these results, energy efficiency improvements allow reducing the effect of air traffic rise on the increase in jet fuel demand, but do not annihilate it. Jet fuel demand is thus unlikely to diminish unless there is a radical technological shift, or air travel demand is restricted.Energy efficiency; Jet fuel demand forecasts; Macro-level methodology;
Frequency-dependent effective permeability tensor of unsaturated polycrystalline ferrites
Frequency-dependent permeability tensor for unsaturated polycrystalline
ferrites is derived through an effective medium approximation that combines
both domain-wall motion and rotation of domains in a single consistent
scattering framework. Thus derived permeability tensor is averaged on a
distribution function of the free energy that encodes paramagnetic states for
anhysteretic loops. The initial permeability is computed and frequency spectra
are given by varying macroscopic remanent field.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure
- …