Relationship of Aqueous Outflow Resistance to Age and Total Volume Perfused in Rhesus and Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effect of volume perfused on aqueous outflow resistance during two-level constant pressure perfusion is examined. The effect of age on change in outflow resistance due to perfusion volume is also considered

Sex as a risk factor regarding presbyopia in the rhesus monkey.

PurposeTo determine the effect of sex as a risk factor regarding presbyopia.MethodsMaximum accommodation was pharmacologically induced (40% cabachol corneal iontophoresis) in 97 rhesus monkeys (49 males and 48 females) ranging in age from 8 to 36 years old. Accommodation was measured by Hartinger coincidence refractometry.ResultsAccommodative amplitude measured refractometrically decreased with age, and the rate of change was not different between males and females (p = 0.827).ConclusionsPresbyopia is essentially sex neutral, and no one is spared. There may be modest variations between different populations for various reasons, but essentially it is monotonously predictable. At present there is no biological therapeutic

Fig 1 -

The data are Carbachol (CARB)-induced accommodative amplitude as a function of age in male (left panel) and female (right panel) rhesus monkeys. Accommodative amplitude declined with age in both the male and female monkeys. There was no difference between the gender groups (p = 0.827). Because more young females vs young males were included in the study we conducted a test for the interaction and the p value for the interaction is p = 0.430. Thus, there was not a significant interaction.</p

Fig 2 -

The data are Carbachol (CARB)-induced accommodative amplitude as a function of age in calorie restricted (CR) male (left panel) and CR female (right panel) rhesus monkeys. Accommodative amplitude declined with age in both the CR male and CR female monkeys. There was no difference between the gender groups.</p

Fig 3 -

The data are Carbachol (CARB)-induced accommodative amplitude as a function of age in control male (left panel) and control female (right panel) rhesus monkeys. Accommodative amplitude declined with age in both the control male and control female monkeys. There was no difference between the control gender groups. Control Monkeys = fed ad libitum.</p

S1 Data -

PurposeTo determine the effect of sex as a risk factor regarding presbyopia.MethodsMaximum accommodation was pharmacologically induced (40% cabachol corneal iontophoresis) in 97 rhesus monkeys (49 males and 48 females) ranging in age from 8 to 36 years old. Accommodation was measured by Hartinger coincidence refractometry.ResultsAccommodative amplitude measured refractometrically decreased with age, and the rate of change was not different between males and females (p = 0.827).ConclusionsPresbyopia is essentially sex neutral, and no one is spared. There may be modest variations between different populations for various reasons, but essentially it is monotonously predictable. At present there is no biological therapeutic.</div

"It is really just brilliant to get credits for something that is so important to you!" Skills for Life: University students' perceptions of a planned dietary life skills course

OBJECTIVE: Universities have a role in educating and empowering students to become healthy and literate citizens of the 21st century society. The aim of this study was to explore university students' perceptions regarding the relevance and utility of a planned dietary life skills course.DESIGN: Qualitative design including focus group discussions.SETTING: A Norwegian university with participating undergraduate students from seven different disciplines.METHOD: Data collection included 13 semi-structured focus group discussions involving 57 university students (35 women and 22 men aged 18-38 years). The focus group discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. To ensure in-depth knowledge of the research participants' thoughts and reflections, thematic analysis strategy was undertaken by a team of researchers.RESULTS: When presented to the idea of a dietary life skills course as a university course, the students were mostly positive regarding its relevance and utility, however both motivators and barriers for attending were put forward. Some mentioned potential academic course benefits, such as enhanced CV, and a few mentioned potential societal benefits such as a healthy population and sustainable food consumption. Several motivators for attending the course were launched, such as increased knowledge and cooking skills, having dinner and expanded network. The students wanted to learn about food, nutrients and health, and how to cook simple, affordable, healthy and sustainable meals. Potential barriers for attending were mostly related to practicalities, such as potential lack of alignment with ordinary study programme or too demanding lectures.CONCLUSION: Most students acknowledged the value of a dietary life skills course and thought that such a course could benefit their personal life. This encourages the offering of such courses at university level, tailored to consider both motivators and barriers for attending.</p

Identification of Adult Stem Cells in Schwalbe&apos;s Line Region of the Primate Eye

PURPOSE. To identify stem cells in the chamber angle of the monkey eye by detection of 5-bromo-2 0 -deoxyuridine (BrdU) long-term retention. METHODS. Four cynomolgus monkeys were treated with BrdU via subcutaneous pumps for 4 weeks. The eyes of two animals were processed immediately thereafter (group 1) while in the other animals, BrdU treatment was discontinued for 4 weeks to allow identification of cells with long-term BrdU retention (group 2). The number of BrdU-positive nuclei was quantified, and the cells were characterized by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS. The number of BrdU-positive cells was higher at Schwalbe&apos;s line covering the peripheral end of Descemet&apos;s membrane than in Schlemm&apos;s canal (SC) endothelium, trabecular meshwork (TM), and scleral spur (SS). Labeling with BrdU in SC, TM, and SS was less intense and the number of labeled cells was smaller in group 2 than in group 1. In contrast, in cells of Schwalbe&apos;s line the intensity of BrdU staining and the number of BrdUpositive cells was similar when group 1 and 2 monkeys were compared with each other, indicating long-term BrdU retention. Cells that were BrdU-positive in Schwalbe&apos;s line region stained for the stem cell marker OCT4. Details of a stem cell niche in Schwalbe&apos;s line region were identified by TEM. CONCLUSIONS. We provide evidence for a niche in the Schwalbe&apos;s line region harboring cells with long-term BrdU retention and OCT4 immunoreactivity. The cells likely constitute a population of adult stem cells with the capability to compensate for the loss of TM and/or corneal endothelial cells