Epidemiological, pathological and statistical analysis of penis cancer in Espírito Santo - analysis of 79 cases / Análise epidemiológica, patológica e estatística do cancro do pénis no Espírito Santo - análise de 79 casos

Purpose: To determine the epidemiological and pathological characteristics of penile cancer (PeCa) and to verify the independence between two statistical variables of patients with PeCa treated at the Urology Service of the Cassiano Antônio de Moraes University Hospital (HUCAM), Vitória, ES, Brazil .Patients and Methods: Between 2010 and 2020, 79 patients with histologically confirmed PeCa were evaluated in our institution considering age, birthplace, ethnicity, marital status, practice of circumcision, histological type, growth pattern, site of tumor, tumor size, grade tumor, Chaux index, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion and pathologic stage (TNM staging). For the statistical treatment of square-data with p-value by Monte Carlo statistical calculations, in order to verify the independence between two variables, being the following: Degree of Pathological - TNM, Chaux Index, Lymphatic Invasion, Vascular Invasion and Perineural Invasion, with the patient's race and age group.Results: The ages ranged from 25 to 87 years, with an average of 62 years. Of the 79 patients, 36 (45,56%) were from the metropolitan region, 07 (8,86%) were from the north, 14 (17,72%) were from the northwest and 22 (27,86%) from the south of the Espírito Santo state. Most patients were brown 45 (56,96%), married 51 (64,55%) and had not completed primary school 59 (74,68%). Of the 79 patients, only 4 (6,32%) circumcised. Grade I tumors were present in 35 (44,30%) of the patients, grade II in 32 (40,50%) and grade III in 10 (12,65%). Vascular invasion was observed in 13 (16,45%) and lymphatic in 7 (8,86%) patients. Regarding Chaux Index, 16 patients (20,25%) had Index 2, 19 (24,05%) had Index 3,  13 (16,45%) had Index 4, 19 (24,05%) had Index 5, 9 (11,39%) had Index 6, 1 (1,26%) had Index 7 and 2 (2,53%) were not evaluated. Of the total, 20 (25,31%) had corpora cavernosa and 24 (30,37%)  corpus spongiosum infiltration. According to the statistical analysis, there is evidence to reject the null hypothesis, that is, vascular invasion is related to the patient's age group, as p-value = 0.00449 < p-value =0.05.Conclusion: Considering that the majority of penile cancer cases in the state of Espírito Santos are treated at the Department of urology of HUCAM, it can be concluded hat all patients in the study were residents of the state of Espírito Santo and had a low socioeconomic status. Most were brown hemones, married with low schooling and an average age of 62 years. The majority of cases have already been diagnosed with advanced disease. And after performing the chi-square tests and calculating the p value, we were able to conclude with statistical significance (p<0.05) the relationship between age group and vascular invasion, which may justify a worse prognosis the more the age group

Effects of short term fasting on the evolution of fecal peritonitis in mice Efeitos de jejum de curta duração na evolução de peritonite fecal em camundongos

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of 72 hours food suppression on the evolution of fecal peritonitis in mice evaluating the mortality and measuring the number and size of abscesses formed into the peritoneal cavity. METHODS: Mice receiving commercial diet and water ad libitum (control group, N=35) and mice fasted during 72 h (N=35), receiving only water ad libitum, were inoculated by i.p. route, with 4uL/g body weight of a fecal suspension diluted 1:6 or 1:9 in 0.15M NaCl solution (1:6 dilution, 22 controls and 18 fasted; 1:9 dilution, 13 controls and 17 fasted). Animals were followed up until two weeks after fecal inoculation, when the survivors were euthanized for evaluation of the number and size of intra-peritoneal abscesses. Mortality was evaluated by Kaplan Meyer curves. RESULTS: Mortality was significantly higher in fasted groups than in controls. However the number and size of abscesses were significantly less in fasted groups than in controls. CONCLUSION: Seventy two hours food suppression increased the susceptibility to endotoxic shock (high mortality after peritonitis induction) and the resistance to infection with fecal microorganisms (less number and size of intra-peritoneal abscesses).<br>OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito de jejum de 72 horas na evolução de peritonite fecal em camundongos, avaliando a mortalidade e o número e tamanho dos abscessos formados na cavidade peritoneal. MÉTODOS: Camundongos recebendo dieta ad libitum (grupo controle, N=35) e camundongos submetidos a jejum durante 72h (N=35) foram inoculados, por via intraperitoenal, com 4uL/g de peso corporal de uma suspensão de fezes diluída a 1:6 ou 1:9 em NaCl 15M (diluição 1:6, 22 controles e 18 jejum; diluição 1:9, 13 controles e 17 jejum). Os animais foram acompanhados até duas semanas após a inoculação das fezes quando eram eutanaziados para avaliação do número e tamanho dos abscessos intraperitoneais. A mortalidade foi avaliada através das curvas de Kaplan Meyer. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade foi significativamente maior nos animais submetidos ao jejum. No entanto o número e tamanho dos abscessos foram significativamente menores neste grupo. CONCLUSÃO: O jejum de 72 horas aumentou a susceptibilidade ao choque endotóxico (maior mortalidade nas primeiras 48 horas) e aumento da resistência aos microorganismos fecais (menor número e tamanho dos abscessos intraperitoneais)