10 research outputs found

    A European International Multicentre Survey on the Current Practice of Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Paediatric Liver Transplantations

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    (1) Background: Postoperative infections are major contributors of morbidity and mortality after paediatric liver transplantation (pLTX). Evidence and recommendations regarding the most effective antimicrobial strategy are lacking. (2) Results: Of 39 pLTX centres, 20 responded. Aminopenicillins plus ß-lactamase inhibitors were used by six (30%) and third generation cephalosporins by three (15%), with the remaining centres reporting heterogenous regimens. Broad-spectrum regimens were the standard in 10 (50%) of centres and less frequent in the 16 (80%) centres with an infectious disease specialist. The duration ranged mainly between 24–48 h and 3–5 days in the absence and 3–5 days or 6–10 days in the presence of risk factors. Strategies regarding antifungal, antiviral, adjunctive antimicrobial, and surveillance strategies varied widely. (3) Methods: This international multicentre survey endorsed by the European Liver Transplant Registry queried all European pLTX centres from the registry on their current practice of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and antimicrobial strategies via an online questionnaire. (4) Conclusions: This survey found great heterogeneity regarding all aspects of postoperative antimicrobial treatment, surveillance, and prevention of infections in European pLTX centres. Evidence-based recommendations are urgently needed to optimise antimicrobial strategies and reduce the spectrum and duration of antimicrobial exposure

    Etiological factors of physical aggression: a theoretical review

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    Considerando o fenômeno do comportamento agressivo, inicialmente são apresentadas quatro abordagens teóricas abrangentes: etologia, psicanálise, behaviorismo e teoria da aprendizagem social. Após uma análise crítica destas abordagens, modelos teóricos recentes são apresentados: cognitivismo neo-associacionista, processamento de informação social, interacionismo social e modelo geral de agressão baseado em estruturas de conhecimento. Finalmente, argumenta-se que o emprego de uma abordagem biológica pode enriquecer os modelos atuais do comportamento agressivo, oferecendo explicações tanto sobre as pressões ambientais ao longo do processo evolutivo quanto sobre a influência das interações sociais na organização e funcionamento do sistema nervoso central.Four theoretical approaches are initially reviewed regarding human aggressive behavior: ethology, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and social learning theory. After a critical appraisal of these models, the recent theoretical approaches of cognitive neoassociationism, social information processing, social interactionism, and general aggression model based on knowledge structures are presented. Finally, it is proposed that a biological approach can be very useful as a way of explaining the environmental pressures throughout evolution, as well as the impact of social interactions on human brain

    Changes in the pattern of suicides and suicide attempt admissions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic

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    The consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic for mental health remain unclear, especially regarding the effects on suicidal behaviors. To assess changes in the pattern of suicide attempt (SA) admissions and completed suicides (CS) in association with the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a longitudinal study, SA admissions and CS are systematically documented and analyzed in all psychiatric hospitals in Frankfurt/Main (765.000 inhabitants). Number, sociodemographic factors, diagnoses and methods of SA and CS were compared between the periods of March–December 2019 and March–December 2020. The number of CS did not change, while the number of SA significantly decreased. Age, sex, occupational status, and psychiatric diagnoses did not change in SA, whereas the percentage of patients living alone while attempting suicide increased. The rate and number of intoxications as a SA method increased and more people attempted suicide in their own home, which was not observed in CS. Such a shift from public places to home is supported by the weekday of SA, as the rate of SA on weekends was significantly lower during the pandemic, likely because of lockdown measures. Only admissions to psychiatric hospitals were recorded, but not to other institutions. As it seems unlikely that the number of SA decreased while the number of CS remained unchanged, it is conceivable that the number of unreported SA cases increased during the pandemic. Our data suggest that a higher number of SA remained unnoticed during the pandemic because of their location and the use of methods associated with lower lethality

    Correction to: Incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock in German intensive care units: the prospective, multicentre INSEP study

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    Incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock in German intensive care units: the prospective, multicentre INSEP study

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    Allgemeine Radiologie und Morphologie der Knochenkrankheiten

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