In vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidant compounds from structured fruits developed with gellan gum and agar

Funding Information: The authors acknowledge CNPq and CAPES for scholarship, and the company Pomar da Polpa for supplying the raw material used in this study. Publisher Copyright: © 2022This study aims to evaluate the bioaccessibility of antioxidant compounds of structured fruits. Samples were prepared with 50% of each pulp (mango/caja, mango/cashew apple and mango/acerola), agar and gellan gum (low acyl-LA and high acyl-HA) in LA:HA ratios of: 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50, in a concentration of 0.75%. There was a reduction in the antioxidant compounds contents after in vitro digestion. The bioaccessible ascorbic acid levels ranged from 15.10% (LA100/HA0 mango/acerola) to 71.18% (LA50/HA50 mango/cashew apple); Total Extractable Polyphenols (TEP) ranged from 24.58% (mango/caja pulp) to 75.50% (LA75/HA25 mango/acerola); antioxidant activity ranged from 21.10% (LA75/HA25 mango/caja) to 51.05% (LA75/HA25 mango/acerola). Mango/acerola ascorbic acid bioaccessibility was lower and the mango/cashew apple HA gellan gum sample antioxidant activity was higher than pulp, probably due to temperature increasing at processing. It was concluded that the agar and gellan gum (HA and LA) hydrocolloids were able to contain these compounds in the production process of the structured and during digestion, which proves the similarity of structured fruits with fresh pulps.publishersversionpublishe

Sensory characteristics of structured guava (Psidium guajava): Comparison of optimized descriptive profile, cata and sensory acceptance methods

This work aimed a sensory characteristics of structured guava elaborated with hydrocolloids agar and combinations of LA and HA gellan. The methods used were Optimized Descriptive Profile (ODP), CATA and Sensory Acceptance Tests. For the ODP, 18 semi-trained judges selected 12 sensory attributes and evaluated the samples using 9 cm unstructured scales. Sensory acceptance and CATA tests were performed by 100 untrained panelists. Sensory tests expressed medium acceptability indexes and similar results for all samples. The highest frequency CATA attributes were Homogeneous, Brightness, Pinkish red color, Guava aroma and Sour taste. The characteristics from ODP were Brightness, Sweet taste, Sour taste, Guava flavor, Firm and Sandy texture. Comparing the three methods, in the CATA and sensory acceptance, tasters did not identify differences between the samples in relation to the type of hydrocolloid, but with the ODP method they could achieve this.publishersversionpublishe

Correlations between Risk Factors for Breast Cancer and Genetic Instability in Cancer Patients- A Clinical Perspective Study

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Molecular epidemiological studies have identified several risk factors linking to the genes and external factors in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this sense, genetic instability caused by DNA damage and DNA repair inefficiencies are important molecular events for the diagnosis and prognosis of therapies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze correlation between sociocultural, occupational, and lifestyle risk factors with levels of genetic instability in non-neoplastic cells of breast cancer patients. Total 150 individuals were included in the study that included 50 breast cancer patients submitted to chemotherapy (QT), 50 breast cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy (RT), and 50 healthy women without any cancer. Cytogenetic biomarkers for apoptosis and DNA damage were evaluated in samples of buccal epithelial and peripheral blood cells through micronuclei and comet assay tests. Elder age patients (61–80 years) had higher levels of apoptosis (catriolysis by karyolysis) and DNA damage at the diagnosis (baseline damage) with increased cell damage during QT and especially during RT. We also reported the increased frequencies of cytogenetic biomarkers in patients who were exposed to ionizing radiation as well as for alcoholism and smoking. QT and RT induced high levels of fragmentation (karyorrhexis) and nuclear dissolution (karyolysis) and DNA damage. Correlations were observed between age and karyorrhexis at diagnosis; smoking and karyolysis during RT; and radiation and karyolysis during QT. These correlations indicate that risk factors may also influence the genetic instability in non-neoplastic cells caused to the patients during cancer therapies

Resposta fisiológica à caminhada em adultos residentes em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro: Pesquisa de nutrição, atividade física e saúde - PNAFS

Walking is the most recommended type of physical activity not only to enhance energy expenditure (EE) but also to improve physical fitness in the general population and therefore, reduce the risk of various diseases. However, the EE of walking depends on the physical and physiological characteristics of the population. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to asses the physiological response to walking in a probabilistic sample (n=210) of adults (≥ 20 years of age) in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. The data were obtained during a sub-maximal incremental test in the treadmill. The stages lasted for 3 minutes each and the test started at a speed of 67 m.min-1 and slope of 0%. In the second stage, the slope was maintained at 0% and the speed was raised to 93.8 m.min-1. For the rest of the test the speed was maintained at 93.8 m.min-1 and the slope was raised by 2.5% at each stage until 10%. The metabolic equivalent (MET) was measured with the subjects sitting quietly. Measured MET (mean ± standard error) was lower both in women (2.85 ± 0.03 mL O2.kg-1.min-1) and men (2.97 ± 0.04 mL O2.kg-1.min-1) than the internationally recognized value of 3.5 mL O2.kg-1.min-1. EE expressed as multiples of either measured or estimated MET was practically equal between men and women at each intensity. The EE of walking at ground level and speeds of 67 and 93.8 m.min-1 calculated from the MET values of the Compendium of Physical Activities were very similar to the measured values for the population of Niterói. However, the intensity of walking was very different from the classifications used internationally. In fact, 30 minutes of walking at a moderate intensity was not enough to expend 200 kcal as it is recommended internationally for the reduction of mortality of chronic diseases. It is imperative that the prescription of activities be based on individual physiological information.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA caminhada é a atividade física mais recomendada por profissionais da área de saúde, não só por aumentar o gasto energético (GE), mas também por melhorar o condicionamento físico e, assim, reduzir riscos à saúde. Entretanto, o GE da caminhada é influenciado pelas características físicas e fisiológicas das populações. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a resposta fisiológica da caminhada em esteira rolante em diversas intensidades em adultos (≥ 20 anos) de uma amostra probabilística (n=210) da população residente no município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Os dados de caminhada foram obtidos durante um teste progressivo submáximo em esteira rolante, em estágios de 3 minutos de duração, começando-se com velocidade de 67 m.min-1 e inclinação 0%. No segundo estágio, a velocidade aumentava para 93,8 m.min-1, com inclinação de 0%. Nos outros estágios, a velocidade foi mantida em 93,8 m.min-1 e a inclinação aumentada em 2,5% a cada estágio até 10%. O equivalente metabólico (MET) foi medido com o indivíduo sentado em repouso e seus valores médios (média ± erro padrão), tanto em mulheres (2,85 ± 0,03 mL O2.kg-1.min-1) quanto em homens (2,97 ± 0,04 mL O2.kg-1.min-1), foram inferiores ao valor do MET de 3,5 mL O2.kg-1.min-1, utilizado internacionalmente. Os valores de GE expressos como múltiplos do MET medido e estimado, foram praticamente iguais entre homens e mulheres em cada uma das intensidades. O GE de caminhada no plano a 67 e 93,8 m.min-1, calculado a partir do equivalente metabólico (MET) sugerido pelo compêndio de atividades físicas, não diferiu do medido na população de Niterói. Entretanto, a intensidade da caminhada diferiu muito das classificações usadas internacionalmente. De fato, 30 minutos de caminhada de intensidade moderada seriam insuficientes para se gastar 200 kcal, como é atualmente recomendado internacionalmente, para redução de mortalidade por doenças crônicas. Dessa forma, a recomendação de atividades deve ser feita com muita cautela e preferencialmente medindo-se a resposta individual ao esforço da caminhada