Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on the Brazilian Agricultural Sector

Abstract This paper aims at estimating the effects of climate change on the Brazilian agriculture both in terms of agricultural profitability and land values. To accomplish this task, we estimate two econometric models: the fixed-effects model proposed by Deschênes and Greenstone (2007) and the hedonic model proposed b

Antioxidant potential and modulatory effects of restructured lipids from the amazonian palms on liver cells

Enzymatic interesterification is used to manipulate oil and fat in order to obtain improved restructured lipids with desired technological properties. However, with raw materials containing significant amounts of bioactive compounds, the influence of this enzymatic process on the bioactivity of the final product is still not clear. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant potential and modulatory effects of two raw materials from the Amazonian area, buriti oil and murumuru fat, before and after lipase interesterification, on human hepatoma cells (HepG2). The results indicate that minor bioactive compounds naturally found in the raw materials and their antioxidant capacity are preserved after enzymatic interesterification, and that the restructured lipids modulate HepG2 endogenous antioxidant enzyme554553561CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2012- -22774-5; 2012-22829-4Sem informaçãoSem informaçã

Antioxidant Potential and Modulatory Effects of Restructured Lipids from the Amazonian Palms on Liver Cells

Enzimska interesterifikacija koristi se za obradu ulja i masti radi dobivanja restrukturiranih lipida sa željenim tehnološkim svojstvima. Međutim, s obzirom na to da sirovi materijali sadržavaju velike udjele bioaktivnih tvari, još uvijek je nejasan utjecaj ovakvih enzimskih procesa na biološku aktivnost konačnog produkta. Stoga je svrha ovog istraživanja bila procijeniti antioksidacijski potencijal i modulacijski učinak dvaju sirovih materijala iz područja Amazone (buriti ulja i murumuru masti) na stanice jetre (HepG2), i to prije i nakon procesa interesterifikacije. Istraživanje je pokazalo da su neke bioaktivne komponente sirovih materijala i njihov antioksidacijski učinak očuvani nakon enzimske esterifikacije restrukturiranih lipida, pri čemu dolazi do modulacije HepG2 endogenog antioksidacijskog enzima.Enzymatic interesterification is used to manipulate oil and fat in order to obtain improved restructured lipids with desired technological properties. However, with raw materials containing significant amounts of bioactive compounds, the influence of this enzymatic process on the bioactivity of the final product is still not clear. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant potential and modulatory effects of two raw materials from the Amazonian area, buriti oil and murumuru fat, before and after lipase interesterification, on human hepatoma cells (HepG2). The results indicate that minor bioactive compounds naturally found in the raw materials and their antioxidant capacity are preserved after enzymatic interesterification, and that the restructured lipids modulate HepG2 endogenous antioxidant enzyme

Evaluation of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Produced with Interesterified Buriti Oil

Pozadina istraživanja. Ulje buritija, izolirano iz pulpe amazonskog ploda, bogato je mikroelementima s antioksidativnim svojstvima i velikom biološkom vrijednošću. Nekoliko dostupnih istraživanja pokazuju da bi ovo ulje moglo imati široki spektar primjene, međutim nijedno istraživanje nije se dosad bavilo poboljšanjem njegovih značajki za komercijalnu primjenu. Enzimska interesterifikacija je jedna od dostupnih metoda za poboljšanje svojstava ulja i masti, a rezultati naših nedavnih ispitivanja pokazuju da lipaza specifično djeluje na ulje buritija, pri čemu nastaju strukturirani lipidi bogati oleinskom kiselinom, a istodobno se očuva većina spojeva prisutnih u manjim količinama u ulju. U ovom smo radu, tragajući za dodatnim načinima proširenja primjene sirovog ulja buritija, proučavali ponašanje strukturiranog ulja u nanostrukturiranim lipidnim nosačima. Eksperimentalni pristup. Nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači proizvedeni su iz interesterificiranog ulja buritija, a njhova stabilnost, veličina kapljica, električni naboj, mikrostruktura, polimorfizam i antioksidativno djelovanje procijenjeni su pomoću metoda ORAC (engl. oxygen radical absorbance capacity) i FRAP (engl. ferric reducing antioxidant power). Rezultati i zaključci. Rezultati pokazuju da je interesterifikacijom nastalo više nezasićenih triacilglicerola, a nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači pripremljeni s interesterificiranim uljem buritija imali su manje kapljice od onih dobivenih iz sirovog ulja buritija. Čestice su ostale stabilne tijekom skladištenja, a nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači pokazali su složeni polimorfizam uz prisutnost triju kristalnih oblika. ORAC vrijednost bila je približno 23 % veća u nanolipidnim nosačima sa strukturiranim lipidima nego u nanolipidnim nosačima sa sirovim uljem buritija, a FRAP vrijednost bila je 16 % veća, što potvrđuje utjecaj interesterifikacije na antioksidacijsku aktivnost nanonosača. Može se zaključiti da su nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači pripremljeni s interesterificiranim uljem buritija imali male kapljice, veliku stabilnost i antioksidativni kapacitet, te da se mogu koristiti u prehrambenim proizvodima i biološkim pripravcima. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da je interesterifikacija pozitivno utjecala na fizikalno-kemijska svojstva nanostrukturiranih lipidnih čestica, a nastalo ulje bilo je bogato oleinskom kiselinom, imalo veliku stabilnost i izražen antioksidativni kapacitet. Stoga je zaključeno da postoji interes za daljnju primjenu tih nanočestica kao učinkovitog sustava nosača.Research background. Extracted from the pulp of an Amazonian fruit, buriti oil is rich in micronutrients with antioxidant properties and high biological value. The few studies available indicate that this oil could be used in a wide range of applications; however, there are no studies that work on the improvement of the characteristics of this oil for commercial application. The enzymatic interesterification is one of the tools available to improve the properties of oils and fats and our recent studies have demonstrated that the lipase could specifically act on buriti oil to produce structured lipids rich in oleic acid, while preserving most of the minor compounds present in this oil. Still looking for ways to expand the applicability of this raw oil, in this work, we are interested in studying the behaviour of this structured oil in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Experimental approach. The NLCs were produced with interesterified buriti oil and the stability, droplet size, electrical charge, microstructure, polymorphism and antioxidant activity of the samples were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results and conclusions. The results showed that the interesterification formed more unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs), and NLCs prepared with interesterified buriti oil had smaller droplets than NLCs with crude buriti oil. Particles remained stable throughout the storage period and NLCs exhibited complex polymorphism with the presence of three crystalline forms. The ORAC value was approx. 23 % higher in nanolipid carries with structured lipids than in the nanolipid carriers with crude buriti oil, and the FRAP value 16 % higher, demonstrating the influence of interesterification on the antioxidant activity of nanocarriers. Thus, NLCs prepared with interesterified buriti oil had small droplets, high stability and antioxidant capacity, and have a potential for nutritional and biological applications. Novelty and scientific contribution. This research showed that interesterification positively influenced the physicochemical properties of NLCs, producing the oil rich in oleic acid, high stability and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, it may be interesting to use these nanocarriers to obtain efficient carrier systems for future applications

Abordagem restauradora estética e conservadora para o fechamento de diastemas múltiplos após tratamento ortodôntico: relato de caso

Objetivos: A presença de diastemas múltiplos na região anterior compromete a estética do sorriso e a harmonia da face, podendo interferir severamente na qualidade de vida do paciente. Este relato clínico tem como objetivo abordar uma técnica restauradora direta e conservadora para a resolução estética de diastemas anteriores múltiplos, empregando resina composta e abordando os princípios restauradores para maior previsibilidade de resultado. Materiais e métodos: O tratamento consistiu no clareamento caseiro com gel à base de peróxido de carbamida 16% durante 14 dias por três horas diárias. Após moldagem e obtenção dos modelos de gesso, o enceramento de diagnóstico foi realizado e a guia palatina em silicone de condensação, obtida. As restaurações diretas em resina composta para o fechamento dos diastemas foram realizadas na cor E-bleaching L, D-bleaching e T-neutral (Opalis, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brasil), proporcionando o reposicionamento da linha média e conferindo adequada inclinação e alinhamento aos dentes anteriores. Após sete dias foi realizado o acabamento, RX final, remoção dos excessos e polimento das restaurações. Resultados: o controle clínico foi realizado periodicamente, mostrando resultado satisfatório após um ano e oito meses de acompanhamento. Conclusões: o conhecimento em relação aos materiais restauradores diretos e o domínio da técnica operatória promovem maior previsibilidade e melhor desempenho clínico das restaurações estéticas em resinas compostas.Objectives: The presence of multiple diastema in anterior teeth compromises the smile esthetics and the harmony of the face, often interfering in the quality of life of the patient. This case report aims to address a direct and conservative restorative technique with composite resin for the esthetic resolution of multiple anterior diastema, reporting the restorative principles and indications for greater outcome predictability. Materials and methods: The treatment consisted of at-home whitening with 16% carbamide peroxide gel in a custom-fitted tray for 14 days. After obtaining the impressions, the gypsum models were obtained, and the wax-up and palatal silicone guide were performed. The direct composite resin restorations for diastema closure were performed utilizing the shades E-bleaching L, D-bleaching and T-neutral (Opalis, FGM, Joinville, Brasil), providing repositioning of the midline, adequate inclination and alignment of the anterior teeth. Results: After 7 days the restorations were finished and polished and final X Ray was obtained. Conclusion: Based on the results after 1 year and 8 months, it is important to know the relationship between direct restorative materials and the domain of operative technique in order to provide greater predictability and satisfactory aesthetic results

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Evaluating the Long-Term Effects of Global Climate Change on the Brazilian Agriculture according to farm size

This paper aims to assess the long-term effects of global climate change on Brazilian agriculture. In particular, it will address the following questions: (i) What are the long-term effects of global climate change in terms of land values in the distinct Brazilian biomes?; and (ii) do these effects differ according to farm size? In order to answer these questions, the hedonic approach proposed by Mendelsohn et al. (1994) is estimated for Brazilian municipalities. Since the intention is to assess socio-economic issues regarding global climate change, the paper also conducts a disaggregated analysis of the effects according to farm size, so as to evaluate whether large and small Brazilian farms would be distinctly affected by climate change. The simulations of the effects of global climate change on Brazilian agriculture refer to 2020, 2050 and 2080 time slices. The climate projections are from ten General Circulation Models of the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (2007) according to A2 and A1B scenarios. The results show that the expected effects of global climate change on Brazilian agriculture vary spatially and by farm size categories. In the Pampa region, for example, the effects on land values are quite different depending on the farm size category. We believe that the outcomes of this research will be of great importance for supporting the formulation of risk mitigation and adaptation strategies, poverty and welfare policies in Brazil’s future, especially because the breakdown of farms by size and biomes is a pioneering application in Brazilian scientific literature.