Aceites esenciales como inhibidores del crecimiento de la microbiota asociada a la trufa negra (Tuber melanosporum) y otras bacterias patógenas

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USO DE ACEITES ESENCIALES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN POSTCOSECHA DE FRUTA DE PEPITA

La manzana es una de las frutas de mayor producción y consumo en España. Tras su recolección, se producen grandes pérdidas económicas debido a la acción de diferentes hongos como Monilinia fructicola, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Rhizopus stolonifer y Penicilliumexpansum. El empleo de técnicas alternativas a la aplicación de fungicidas tradicionales es necesario en la actualidad, evitando efectos negativos sobre el medio ambiente y el rechazo por parte del consumidor.Para ello, en este trabajo se propone la utilización de aceites esenciales (AEs) de las especies Origanum virens, Salvia officinalis, Valeriana officinalis y Mentha rotundifolia, junto con sus hidrolatos, un subproducto obtenido de las destilaciones de los AEs que está constituidoprincipalmente por compuestos hidrosolubles, y algunos de los compuestos activos presentes en estos AEs (Linalool, Timol, β-pineno, Acetato de bornilo, Canfeno y Carvacrol).Los métodos empleados para su aplicación fueron la difusión de AEs en disco, la dilución de AEs e hidrolatos en Agar Dextrosa Patata (PDA), dilución de AEs e hidrolatos en Caldo de Patata Dextrosa (PBD), actividad volátil, generación de esporas en Agar Dicloran Rosa de BengalaCloranfenicol (DRBD), y difusión de compuestos activos en PDA.El método de difusión de AEs en PDA, junto con el de difusión de los compuestos activos en PDA, fueron los que proporcionaron los mejores niveles de inhibición del crecimiento. En el primer caso, todos los AEs tuvieron gran eficacia contra los microorganismos, con excepción de S.officinalis que solo género inhibición frente a M. fructicola. En el caso de difusión de compuestos activos en PDA, los compuestos que presentaron una mayor capacidad antifúngica de forma general fueron linalool, timol y carvacrol, dando lugar a inhibiciones totales en el crecimiento detodos los hongos, teniendo en cuenta las diferentes concentraciones aplicadas.<br /

Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils

Essential oils are employed in agriculture, medicine and food industries among others, due to their antimicrobial, antiviral, insecticidal and antifungal properties. In this chapter, we will focus on the control of fungal plant pathogens with essential oils. Fungal diseases in agricultural crops and forestry alter the physiology of plants, disrupting their normal functioning, reducing their yield and sometimes causing their death. Recent studies show antifungal effects of many essential oils against plant pathogenic fungi, which make them candidates for the development of new fungicidal agents. This chapter presents a review of the most recent advances in this area, as well as the future trends in this field

Utilización de aceites esenciales para la conservación postcosecha de fruta de pepita

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Alternativas de cultivos en las riberas turolenses. Una herramienta para la toma de decisiones

Proyecto “Recuperación y revalorización de tierras abandonadas en los regadíos de ribera turolenses” RegATeA. Fondo de Inversión de Teruel (años 2019 y 2020). Gobierno de Aragón y Gobierno de España (Ministerio de Hacienda). Responsable: Raquel Salvador EstebanPublishe

Anti-Trypanosomatidae Activity of Essential Oils and Their Main Components from Selected Medicinal Plants

Kinetoplastida is a group of flagellated protozoa characterized by the presence of a kinetoplast, a structure which is part of a large mitochondria and contains DNA. Parasites of this group include genera such as Leishmania, that cause disease in humans and animals, and Phytomonas, that are capable of infecting plants. Due to the lack of treatments, the low efficacy, or the high toxicity of the employed therapeutic agents there is a need to seek potential alternative treatments. In the present work, the antiparasitic activity on Leishmania infantum and Phytomonas davidi of 23 essential oils (EOs) from plants of the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families, extracted by hydrodistillation (HD) at laboratory scale and steam distillation (SD) in a pilot plant, were evaluated. The chemical compositions of the EOs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity on mammalian cells of the major components from the most active EOs was evaluated, and their anti-Phytomonas and anti-Leishmania effects analyzed. L. infantum was more sensitive to the EOs than P. davidi. The EOs with the best anti-kinetoplastid activity were S. montana, T. vulgaris, M. suaveolens, and L. luisieri. Steam distillation increased the linalyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, and trans-α-necrodyl acetate contents of the EOs, and decreased the amount of borneol and 1,8 cineol. The major active components of the EOs were tested, with thymol being the strongest anti-Phytomonas compound followed by carvacrol. Our study identified potential treatments against kinetoplastids.Publishe

Recuperación y revalorización de parcelas abandonadas en los regadíos tradicionales de ribera turolenses (RegATeA)

Financiado por Gobierno de Aragón, a través del Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel (años 2019 y 2020), con la participación del Gobierno de España (Ministerio de Política Territorial

Anti-Trichomonas gallinae activity of essential oils and main compounds from Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plants

Trichomonas gallinae is a flagellated protozoan that parasitizes the upper digestive tract of various bird species and causes avian trichomonosis. The emergence of resistant strains to the standard treatment, based on nitroimidazoles, increases the need to find alternative therapies. In this study, 36 essential oils (EOs) from Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plant families were tested against T. gallinae trophozoites using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-)-2,5-dipheniltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Among them, EOs from distinct species of Lamiaceae, including the genera Lavandula, Salvia, Thymus, Origanum, and Satureja were the ones reporting better anti-trichomonal activity, and were selected for further analysis, including chemical composition and in vitro assays. The chemical composition of the selected EOs was determined by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry and 19 pure compounds were tested against the protozoa, according to their higher abundance in the active EOs. Pure compounds which displayed the highest activity against T. gallinae trophozoites, ordered by highest to lowest activity, were α and β-thujones, camphene, β-pinene, linalyl acetate, thymol, 4-terpineol, γ-terpinene, α-pinene, p-cymene, D-fenchone and β-caryophyllene. A dose dependent effect was observed in most of the EOs and pure compounds tested. The toxicity test conducted in eukaryotic cell cultures with the anti-trichomonal active pure compounds showed that β-caryophyllene, camphene, α-pinene, and β-pinene were slightly toxic for Vero cells, and the selectivity index was calculated. Based on the anti-trichomonal activity and the absence of cytotoxicity results, natural products from Lamiaceae plants could be useful as alternative therapy against avian trichomonosis, mainly those containing linalyl acetate, thymol, 4-terpinenol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene and D-fenchone.Publishe