Vacunas contra el herpesvirus bovino-1: una mirada desde el pasado hacia el futuro de la inmunización

El herpesvirus Bovino-1 (BHV-1) es uno de los principales patógenos que afecta elganado; la infección primaria se acompaña de varias manifestaciones clínicas talescomo la rinotraqueitis, aborto, vulvovaginitis/balanopostitis pustular y en algunoscasos, enfermedad neurológica. Luego de la recuperación, la infección persiste durantetoda la vida del individuo en un estado de latencia en ganglios nervioso trigémino osacro. La Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) reporta que la vacunacióncontra el BHV-1 puede ser efectiva en reducir las manifestaciones clínicas y en consecuencialas pérdidas económicas, pero no logra proteger completamente de la infección.Es por esto que durante los últimos años se han desarrollado gran cantidadde agentes vacunales que van desde las vacunas clásicas inactivadas hasta aquellas queusan tecnología de DNA recombinante. El presente artículo se enfoca en presentar unaactualización acerca de las vacunas más usadas desde hace ya varios años y resumir losavances más importantes en la generación de nuevas vacunas contra el BHV-1;tratando así de abrir un nuevo panorama para la generación de vacunas en Colombia

Prevalence and molecular typing of rotavirus in children with acute diarrhoea in Northeastern Colombia

After the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine, the number of rotavirus-associated deaths and the predicted annual rotavirus detection rate had slightly declined worldwide. Taking in account that in Colombia, Rotarix vaccine was introduced in 2009, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of rotavirus A in children under five years who were treated for acute diarrhoea in Bucaramanga, Colombia and, moreover, to determine the genotypes of rotavirus present in those children. We performed an analytical cross-sectional study of rotavirus A in faecal samples from children up to five years of age. Stool samples were screened for rotavirus A using a lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay and confirmed using a VP6 sandwich ELISA. Genotyping of rotavirus A-positive samples was performed by PCR and sequencing of VP7 and VP4 genes. The overall prevalence of rotavirus was 30.53% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.2 - 39.7). Most of the children with rotavirus (86.2%) had received two doses of the rotavirus vaccine. G3 strains accounted for the vast majority of cases (82.8%), followed by G12 strains (13.8%) and G3/G9 coinfections (3.4%). Among the P genotypes, P[8] was the most prevalent (69%), followed by P[9] (31%). The most common G[P] genotype combination was G3P[8], followed by G3P[9]. The main finding in this study was that rotavirus, in a Colombian region, is still an important pathogen in children under five years old, previously vaccinated. The results showed that different factors, such as kindergarten attendance, could explain the epidemiology and transmission of rotavirus in Bucaramanga

Phylogenetic evidence of the intercontinental circulation of a Canine distemper virus lineage in the Americas

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the cause of a multisystem disease in domestic dogs and wild animals, infecting more than 20 carnivore and non-carnivore families and even infecting human cell lines in in vitro conditions. Phylogenetic classification based on the hemagglutinin gene shows 17 lineages with a phylogeographic distribution pattern. In Medellín (Colombia), the lineage South America-3 is considered endemic. Phylogenetic studies conducted in Ecuador using fragment coding for the fusion protein signal peptide (Fsp) characterized a new strain belonging to a different lineage. For understanding the distribution of the South America-3 lineage in the north of the South American continent, we characterized CDV from three Colombian cities (Medellín, Bucaramanga, and Bogotá). Using phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene and the Fsp region, we confirmed the circulation of CDV South America-3 in different areas of Colombia. We also described, for the first time to our knowledge, the circulation of a new lineage in Medellín that presents a group monophyletic with strains previously characterized in dogs in Ecuador and in wildlife and domestic dogs in the United States, for which we propose the name “South America/North America-4” due its intercontinental distribution. In conclusion, our results indicated that there are at least four different CDV lineages circulating in domestic dogs in South America: the Europe/South America-1 lineage circulating in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina; the South America-2 lineage restricted to Argentina; the South America-3 lineage, which has only been reported in Colombia; and lastly an intercontinental lineage present in Colombia, Ecuador, and the United States, referred to here as the “South America/North America-4” lineage.http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000153095https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=o3Y7mZwAAAAJ&hl=eshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1447-145

Canine circovirus: An emerging or an endemic undiagnosed enteritis virus?

Canine Circovirus (CanineCV) belongs to the family Circoviridae. It is an emerging virus described for the first time in 2011; since then, it has been detected in different countries and can be defined as worldwide distribution virus. CanineCV infects domestic and wild canids and is mainly related to hemorrhagic enteritis in canines. However, it has been identified in fecal samples from apparently healthy animals, where in most cases it is found in coinfection with other viral agents such as the canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV). The estimated prevalence/frequency of CanineCV has been variable in the populations and countries where it has been evaluated, reaching from 1 to 30%, and there are still many concepts to define the epidemiological characteristics of the virus. The molecular characterization and phylo-evolutive analyses that allow to postulate the wild origin and intercontinental distribution of the virus. This review focuses on the importance on continuing research and establish surveillance systems for this emerging virus

Zero by 2030 and OneHealth: The multidisciplinary challenges of rabies control and elimination

"Rabies, caused by a negative strand RNA-virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus (family Rhabdoviridae of the order Mononegavirales), remains of global concern [1]. This vaccine-preventable viral zoonotic disease is present in more than 150 countries and territories [2]. Ac- cording to the World Health Organization (WHO), rabies is estimated to cause ~59,000 human deaths annually, with 95% of cases occurring in Africa and Asia [3,4]. However, rabies still occurs in other regions, such as Latin America and the Caribbean [5–8], Central Asia and the Middle East [9,10]. Whilst a number of animals can host the rabies virus, dogs are the main source of human rabies deaths, contributing up to 99% of all rabies transmissions to humans. Dog-mediated rabies has been eliminated from Western Europe, Canada, the United States of America (USA), Japan and some Latin American countries [11]. Nevertheless, the risk of reintroduction and disease among travellers to risk areas is a matter of concern [12–15]. As occurred with many other communicable and non-communicable diseases, the 2020–2022 COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the efforts of control and reemergence of rabies in certain countries [7,16,17]. Post-pandemic challenges to enhance con- trol and prevention are multiple and need urgent actions to achieve the goal in eight years by 2030 [16].

VACUNAS CONTRA EL HERPESVIRUS BOVINO-1: UNA MIRADA DESDE EL PASADO HACIA EL FUTURO DE LA INMUNIZACIÓN

El herpesvirus Bovino-1 (BHV-1) es uno de los principales patógenos que afecta el ganado; la infección primaria se acompaña de varias manifestaciones clínicas tales como la rinotraqueitis, aborto, vulvovaginitis/balanopostitis pustular y en algunos casos, enfermedad neurológica. Luego de la recuperación, la infección persiste durante toda la vida del individuo en un estado de latencia en ganglios nervioso trigémino o sacro. La Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) reporta que la vacunación contra el BHV-1 puede ser efectiva en reducir las manifestaciones clínicas y en consecuencia las pérdidas económicas, pero no logra proteger completamente de la infección. Es por esto que durante los últimos años se han desarrollado gran cantidad de agentes vacunales que van desde las vacunas clásicas inactivadas hasta aquellas que usan tecnología de DNA recombinante. El presente artículo se enfoca en presentar una actualización acerca de las vacunas más usadas desde hace ya varios años y resumir los avances más importantes en la generación de nuevas vacunas contra el BHV-1; tratando así de abrir un nuevo panorama para la generación de vacunas en Colombia

Evaluación in silico de la interacción entre la Hemaglutinina del virus del distemper canino (CDV) con sus receptores celulares en diferentes especies

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Evaluación in silico de la interacción entre la Hemaglutinina del virus del distemper canino (CDV) con sus receptores celulares en diferentes especies

[email protected]