Spielt die Förderung der bio-psycho-sozialen Gesundheit eine wichtige Rolle bei der Rehabilitation von Paraplegikern?: eine ganzheitliche Rehabilitation

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Thematik der Rehabilitation von Paraplegikern, genauer die Wichtigkeit eines bio-psycho-sozialen Arbeitsansatzes. Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit wird das Peer Counselling, eine Beratungsmethode von Betroffenen für Betroffene, welche 2009 im Paraplegikerzentrum Nottwil eingeführt wurde, als zentrales Konzept definiert. Die empirische Forschung zeigt, dass Peer Counselling und Sport wichtige Förderfaktoren er ganzheitlichen Gesundheit sind. Die Einstellung zur eigenen Behinderung, sowie die Haltung des sozialen Umfelds spielten ebenfalls eine wesentliche Rolle im Rehabilitationsprozess. In der Schlussfolgerung werden Handlungsvorschläge für die Praxis aufgezeigt, welche zur bio-psycho-sozialen Gesundheit von Paraplegikern und zur Effizienz der Rehabilitation beitragen können. Dieser letzte Teil enthält auch eine persönliche Auseinandersetzung mit der gewählten Thematik

Fluidität

Digitale Bilder sind fluid. Sie sind wandelbar, prozessual und durchlässig, transzendieren und hinterfragen Identitäten, brechen Kategorien auf oder verflüssigen starre Raumkonzepte. Die modernen, westlichen Ordnungssysteme Natur, Mensch und Kultur werden im digitalen Bild stets neu verhandelt und dekonstruiert. Dieses Heft nähert sich aus multiplen Perspektiven dem Phänomen des fluiden digitalen Bildes, das die analoge Welt kommentiert, kritisiert und prägt

The transcription factor MITF is a critical regulator of GPNMB expression in dendritic cells

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) with the unique ability to activate naïve T cells and to initiate and maintain primary immune responses. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory stimuli on DC such as the cytokine IL-10 suppress the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB what results in downregulation of costimulatory molecules, MHC and cytokine production. Glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) is a transmembrane protein, which acts as a coinhibitory molecule strongly inhibiting T cell responses if present on APC. Interestingly, its expression on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) is dramatically upregulated upon treatment with IL-10 but also by the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) imatinib, nilotinib or dasatinib used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for GPNMB overexpression are yet unknown. RESULTS: The immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 and the BCR-ABL TKI imatinib or nilotinib, that were examined here, concordantly inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby activating the downstream serine/threonine protein kinase GSK3ß, and subsequently the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) that is phosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus. Treatment of moDC with a small molecule inhibitor of MITF activity reduced the expression of GPNMB at the level of mRNA and protein, indicating that GPNMB expression is in fact facilitated by MITF activation. In line with these findings, PI3K/Akt inhibition was found to result in GPNMB overexpression accompanied by reduced stimulatory capacity of moDC in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) with allogeneic T cells that could be restored by addition of the GPNMB T cell ligand syndecan-4 (SD-4). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, imatinib, nilotinib or IL-10 congruently inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway thereby activating MITF in moDC, resulting in a tolerogenic phenotype. These findings extend current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms balancing activating and inhibitory signals in human DC and may facilitate the targeted manipulation of T cell responses in the context of DC-based immunotherapeutic interventions. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-015-0099-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Hyperandrogenism and Metabolic Syndrome Are Associated With Changes in Serum-Derived microRNAs in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains one of the most common endocrine disorder in premenopausal women with an unfavorable metabolic risk profile. Here, we investigate whether biochemical hyperandrogenism, represented by elevated serum free testosterone, resulted in an aberrant circulating microRNA (miRNAs) expression profile and whether miRNAs can identify those PCOS women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Accordingly, we measured serum levels of miRNAs as well as biochemical markers related to MetS in a case-control study of 42 PCOS patients and 20 Controls. Patients were diagnosed based on the Rotterdam consensus criteria and stratified based on serum free testosterone levels (≥0.034 nmol/l) into either a normoandrogenic (n = 23) or hyperandrogenic (n = 19) PCOS group. Overall, hyperandrogenic PCOS women were more insulin resistant compared to normoandrogenic PCOS women and had a higher prevalence of MetS. A total of 750 different miRNAs were analyzed using TaqMan Low-Density Arrays. Altered levels of seven miRNAs (miR-485-3p, -1290, -21-3p, -139-3p, -361-5p, -572, and -143-3p) were observed in PCOS patients when compared with healthy Controls. Stratification of PCOS women revealed that 20 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the three groups. Elevated serum free testosterone levels, adjusted for age and BMI, were significantly associated with five miRNAs (miR-1290, -20a-5p, -139-3p, -433-3p, and -361-5p). Using binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), a combination panel of three miRNAs (miR-361-5p, -1225-3p, and -34-3p) could correctly identify all of the MetS cases within the PCOS group. This study is the first to report comprehensive miRNA profiling in different subgroups of PCOS women with respect to MetS and suggests that circulating miRNAs might be useful as diagnostic biomarkers of MetS for a different subset of PCOS