18 research outputs found

    Erwartungen an das Praktikum im Studium - Anregungen zur Entwicklung von Curricula

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    Mit der Umstellung auf Bachelorstudiengänge in Deutschland geht auch eine Einführung von Pflichtpraktika im Studium einher. Im Rahmen einer Bedarfsanalyse wurden Praktikumsbeauftragte, Studierende und Praktikumsanbieter interviewt. Erstere erwarten, dass PraktikantInnen während des Praktikums praktische Berufserfahrung sammeln sowie Einblick in die Praxis erhalten. Studierende erwarten vom Praktikum einen Zuwachs an Fachkompetenz, während Praktikumsgeber davon ausgehen, dass diese von den Studierenden bereits mitgebracht wird. Praktikumsbeauftragte und -anbieter wünschen eine engere Kooperation. Optimierungsbedarf wurde bezüglich der Vorbereitung und der Mindestdauer von Praktika deutlich. Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Anregungen zur Entwicklung von Curricula für Bachelorstudiengänge. 25.02.2009 | Renate Soellner, Nicole Scheibner, Julia Hapkemeyer & Corinna Fink (Berlin

    Loss of Npn1 from motor neurons causes postnatal deficits independent from Sema3A signaling

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    AbstractThe correct wiring of neuronal circuits is of crucial importance for the function of the vertebrate nervous system. Guidance cues like the neuropilin receptors (Npn) and their ligands, the semaphorins (Sema) provide a tight spatiotemporal control of sensory and motor axon growth and guidance. Among this family of guidance partners the Sema3A-Npn1 interaction has been shown to be of great importance, since defective signaling leads to wiring deficits and defasciculation. For the embryonic stage these defects have been well described, however, also after birth the organism can adapt to new challenges by compensational mechanisms. Therefore, we used the mouse lines Olig2-Cre;Npn1cond and Npn1Sema− to investigate how postnatal organisms cope with the loss of Npn1 selectively from motor neurons or a systemic dysfunctional Sema3A-Npn1 signaling in the entire organism, respectively. While in Olig2-Cre+;Npn1cond−/− mice clear anatomical deficits in paw posturing, bone structure, as well as muscle and nerve composition became evident, Npn1Sema− mutants appeared anatomically normal. Furthermore, Olig2-Cre+;Npn1cond mutants revealed a dysfunctional extensor muscle innervation after single-train stimulation of the N.radial. Interestingly, these mice did not show obvious deficits in voluntary locomotion, however, skilled motor function was affected. In contrast, Npn1Sema− mutants were less affected in all behavioral tests and able to improve their performance over time. Our data suggest that loss of Sema3A-Npn1 signaling is not the only cause for the observed deficits in Olig2-Cre+;Npn1cond−/− mice and that additional, yet unknown binding partners for Npn1 may be involved that allow Npn1Sema− mutants to compensate for their developmental deficits

    Vorwort

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    Wie geht es Angehörigen von Menschen mit problematischem Konsum von Alkohol oder illegalen Drogen in Deutschland? In welche Unterstützungsnetzwerke sind sie eingebunden und welche Themen und Probleme sind im Alltag für Angehörige wichtig? Diesen und anderen Fragen sind im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes »AnNet-Angehörigennetzwerk «fünf Angehörigengruppen von 2015 bis 2017 auf den Grund gegangen. Das Herzstück jeder AnNet-Gruppe bildeten die Erfahrungen, Fragen und Probleme der Gruppenteilnehmer, welche in der Zusammenarbeit der Angehörigen als ›Mitforschende‹ zum ›Forschungsgegenstand‹ wurden. Im gemeinsamen Arbeits- und Forschungsprozess haben Angehörige und Betroffene als Erfahrungsexperten, Hochschulforscher und Praxisexperten aus dem Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen voneinander gelernt, gemeinsam Antworten gefunden, Strategien entwickelt und in lokalen Initiativen umgesetzt. Das AnNet-Arbeitsbuch fasst die Erkenntnisse, Erfahrungen und Empfehlungen aus zwei Jahren AnNet-Projekt zusammen. Als Handlungshilfe richtet sich das AnNet-Arbeitsbuch an Angehörige, Betroffene, Entscheider, (angehende) Praktiker in Wissenschaft, Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen und alle weiteren Menschen, die daran Interessiert sind, die Lebens- und Unterstützungssituationen von Angehörigen und betroffenen Familien noch weiter zu verbessern

    Vorwort

    No full text
    Wie geht es Angehörigen von Menschen mit problematischem Konsum von Alkohol oder illegalen Drogen in Deutschland? In welche Unterstützungsnetzwerke sind sie eingebunden und welche Themen und Probleme sind im Alltag für Angehörige wichtig? Diesen und anderen Fragen sind im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes »AnNet-Angehörigennetzwerk «fünf Angehörigengruppen von 2015 bis 2017 auf den Grund gegangen. Das Herzstück jeder AnNet-Gruppe bildeten die Erfahrungen, Fragen und Probleme der Gruppenteilnehmer, welche in der Zusammenarbeit der Angehörigen als ›Mitforschende‹ zum ›Forschungsgegenstand‹ wurden. Im gemeinsamen Arbeits- und Forschungsprozess haben Angehörige und Betroffene als Erfahrungsexperten, Hochschulforscher und Praxisexperten aus dem Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen voneinander gelernt, gemeinsam Antworten gefunden, Strategien entwickelt und in lokalen Initiativen umgesetzt. Das AnNet-Arbeitsbuch fasst die Erkenntnisse, Erfahrungen und Empfehlungen aus zwei Jahren AnNet-Projekt zusammen. Als Handlungshilfe richtet sich das AnNet-Arbeitsbuch an Angehörige, Betroffene, Entscheider, (angehende) Praktiker in Wissenschaft, Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen und alle weiteren Menschen, die daran Interessiert sind, die Lebens- und Unterstützungssituationen von Angehörigen und betroffenen Familien noch weiter zu verbessern

    Enriched environment housing starting at birth induces neuroanatomical rearrangements of spinal motor pools.

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    <p>At 12 weeks of age, motor neurons were retrogradely labeled by injection of Alexa Fluor-conjugated CTBs into the dorsal (red) or ventral (green) muscles of the distal forelimb. (A) The number of retrogradely traced motor neurons in the respective motor pool was comparable in wildtypes and mutants of all housing conditions (dorsal pool: p = 0.83; ventral pool: p = 0.68; N ≥ 3 for each group, one-way ANOVA). (B) Motor pools were reconstructed from labeled motor neurons of the brachial spinal cord. The schematics show the projection of all motor neurons along the anterior-posterior axis. The first and last outline of the ventral horn grey matter are indicated (C) In normal housing conditions the medial motor pool of adult animals is significantly larger in <i>Sema3F</i> mutants compared to their wildtype littermates. In contrast, the lateral motor pool remains unchanged (ventral: 0.00069 ± 0.00012, N = 7 vs. 0.00124 ± 0.00015, N = 5; p < 0.05; dorsal: 0.00089 ± 0.00015, N = 7 vs. 0.00102 ± 0.00027, N = 5; p = 0.66; Student’s t-test). (D) A specific scattering of the pool is evident in the dorsal-ventral direction, while the medial-lateral dimensions of the pool are not affected (dorsal-ventral: 0.13 ± 0.0076, N = 7 vs. 0.18 ± 0.0114, N = 5, p < 0.01; medial-lateral: 0.11 ± 0.0061, N = 7 vs. 0.12 ± 0.0080, N = 5, p = 0.73, Student’s t-test). (E + F) After housing in an enriched environment starting at birth, plastic rearrangements become evident and no motor pool shows a significantly altered area between wildtype and mutant animals (area dorsal: 0.00102 ± 0.00021, N = 5 vs. 0.00113 ± 0.00050, N = 3, p = 0.81; area ventral: 0.00084 ± 0.00024, N = 5 vs. 0.00065 ± 0.00007, N = 3, p = 0.57; scattering medial-lateral: 0.1149 ± 0.0068, N = 5 vs. 0.0979 ± 0.0074, N = 3, p = 0.16; scattering dorsal-ventral: 0.1372 ± 0.0108, N = 5 vs. 0.1506 ± 0.0104, N = 3, p = 0.44, Student’s t-test). (G) Enriched environment starting at 4 weeks does not induce these changes. Here, only the lateral motor pool appears normal while the medial motor pool is still significantly larger in mutants compared to wildtype littermates (dorsal: 0.00065 ± 0.00006, N = 8 vs. 0.00066 ± 0.00015, N = 3, p = 0.94; ventral: 0.00045 ± 0.00004, N = 8 vs. 0.00113 ± 0.00041, N = 3, p < 0.05, Student’s t-test). (H) The analysis of the specific scattering reveals an extension of the pool in dorsal-ventral direction (medial-lateral: 0.1068 ± 0.0021, N = 8 vs. 0.1121 ± 0.004982, N = 3, p = 0.26; dorsal-ventral: 0.1157 ± 0.0031, N = 8 vs. 0.1642 ± 0.0375, N = 3, p < 0.05, Student’s t-test). (I and J) Already at 4 weeks after birth the plastic rearrangements of the medial motor pool due to enriched environment housing are evident. While the medial pool shows a significant dorsal-ventral scattering in normally housed animals (I) (area dorsal: 0.00141 ± 0.00030, N = 5 vs. 0.00132 ± 0.00021, N = 5, p = 0.81; area ventral: 0.00124 ± 0.00020, N = 5 vs. 0.00371 ± 0.00071, N = 5, p < 0.05; scattering dorsal-ventral: 0.1587 ± 0.0139, N = 5 vs. 0.2486 ± 0.0204, N = 5, p < 0.01, Student’s t-test), in animals that were housed in an enriched environment starting at birth the pool has normal dimension (J) (area dorsal: 0.00106 ± 0.00023, N = 5 vs. 0.00151 ± 0.00032, N = 5, p = 0.29; area ventral: 0.00130 ± 0.00023, N = 5 vs. 0.00212 ± 0.00049, N = 5, p = 0.17; scattering dorsal-ventral: 0.1564 ± 0.0109, N = 5 vs. 0.1923 ± 0.0154, N = 5, p = 0.09, Student’s t-test). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001.</p

    Excitatory-inhibitory balance of synaptic input is shifted by enriched environment housing.

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    <p>(A) Example of excitatory (vGlut1) and inhibitory (vGAT) synapses on retrogradely labeled motor neurons of 12 week old animals. (B) The number of inhibitory synapses on traced motor neurons remains unchanged between wildtypes and mutants of all housing conditions (normal housing (wt: 133.5 ± 10.52, mut: 127.3 ± 28.76), enriched environment starting at birth (wt: 122.5 ± 3.85, mut: 125.0 ± 6.63), and enriched environment starting at 4 weeks (wt: 119.4 ± 12.0, mut: 113.2 ± 2.15); N = 3 for each group, p = 0.91, one-way ANOVA). (C) Between <i>Sema3F</i> wildtypes and mutants, the number of excitatory synapses is not significantly altered (NH: wt: 8.32 ± 0.90, mut: 8.13 ± 0.67, p = 0.87; EEbirth: wt: 15.99 ± 2.51, mut: 16.81 ± 3.88, p = 0.75; EE4: wt: 8.70 ± 0.93, mut: 8.43 ± 0.24; N = 3 for each group, Students t-test), however, after enriched environment housing starting at birth the number of excitatory synapses were significantly increased when compared to normal housing conditions or enriched environment starting at 4 weeks (NH vs. EEbirth: wt: p = 0.040, mut: p = 0.022; EEbirth vs. EE4: wt: p = 0.047, mut: p = 0.023, N = 3 for each group, Students t-test). Statistical analysis: N = 3 for each group, Students t-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001. Scale bar: 20 μm.</p

    <i>Sema3F</i> mutants show normal behavior in the dark and light open field test.

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    <p>(A-C) Gross locomotion and exploratory behavior of <i>Sema3F</i> animals is analyzed at the age of 4 weeks in the dark open field. No significant differences are evident in (A) the total distance travelled (14100 ± 1069 cm vs. 13920 ± 1457 cm, p = 0.48), (B) the locomotion velocity (12.90 ± 1.07 cm/s vs. 12.61 ± 1.29 cm/s, p = 0.65) or (C) the number of rearings (95.60 ± 7.99 vs. 78.40 ± 12.40, p = 0.35). Statistical analysis: N = 10 for each group, Mann-Whitney test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001. (D-I) Anxiety related behavior is investigated in the light open field at 4 weeks of age. Overall locomotion or exploratory behavior is not affected in <i>Sema3F</i> mutants in the light open field as determined by (D) the total distance travelled (9505 ± 658.7 cm, N = 21 vs. 9543 ± 809.3 cm, N = 26, p = 0.86), (E) the locomotion velocity (8.586 ± 0.595 cm/s, N = 21 vs. 8.465 ± 0.725, N = 26, p = 0.72) or (F) the number of rearings (60.52 ± 5.57, N = 21, vs. 48.89 ± 6.06, N = 19, p = 0.17). The determination of (G) the distance travelled in the center (1759 ± 172.1 cm, N = 21 vs. 1796 ± 215.8 cm, N = 26, p = 0.66), (H) the time until the first center entry (74.86 ± 19.07 s, N = 21 vs. 106.8 ± 17.59 s, N = 26, p = 0.10) and (I) the number of center visits (69.10 ± 6.09, N = 21 vs. 78.00 ± 9.91, N = 26, p = 0.47) does not reveal any anxiety related behavior in <i>Sema3F</i> mutants. (J-L) Gait of <i>Sema3F</i> animals was analyzed 9 weeks after birth using the CatWalk analysis system. No significant differences were found in (J) the forelimb base of support (14.64 ± 0.73 mm, N = 9 vs. 14.37 ± 0.32 mm, N = 9; p = 1.0), (K) the duty cycle of the forelimbs (59.88 ± 1.43%, N = 9 vs. 57.42 ± 0.86%, N = 9; p = 0.11) or (L) the step pattern of the animals (5.11 ± 0.23, N = 9 vs. 5.07 ± 0.09, N = 9; p = 0.58).Statistical analysis: Mann-Whitney test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001.</p
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