Doing Justice - zur Praxis außerstrafrechtlicher Strategien der Konfliktbewältigung in linksautonomen Räumen

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit Strategien der außerstrafrechtlichen Konfliktbear- beitung in linksautonomen Räumen. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass staatliche Strafe ein Instrument der Herrschaftsausübung darstellt und in Zeiten des Neoliberalismus die prekär gewordenen Grenzen der gesellschaftlichen Zugehörigkeit durch Kriminalisierung aufrechterhalten werden, sollen Alternativen zum hegemonialen Strafrechtssystem aufgezeigt werden. Das qualitative Forschungsdesign wurde unter Berücksichti-gung der Grundannahmen der Kritischen Kriminologie entwickelt. Durch den Konfliktbegriff wird sich von der Kategorie „Kriminalität“ mit den ihr inhärenten Zuschreibungen gelöst. Der Forschungsprozess basiert auf der Grounded Theory Methodologie. Auf der Grundlage teilnarrativer Interviews mit Aktivist*innen aus verschiedenen linksautonomen Räumen in Deutschland wird ein Modell entwickelt, welches den Prozess der selbstbestimmten Bearbeitung von konflikthaften Ereignissen im gewählten Forschungsfeld beschreibt. Dieses zeigt auf, dass eine Aneignung von Konflikten verstärkt durch einen hohen Grad der Verantwortungsübernahme stattfindet. In einem zirkulären Prozess werden hierbei in der Bearbeitung von Konflikten eigene Regeln und Werte entwickelt, welche sich wiederum auf den Umgang mit Konflikten auswirken. Die Ergebnisse der Forschung richten sich primär an Personen, welche in links-autonomen Räumen aktiv sind und dienen einem besseren Verständnis ihrer gelebten Praxis. Durch die kritische Reflexion, unter Berücksichtigung der Grundsätze von Transformative Justice und Community Accountability, werden zudem Perspektiven für eine mögliche Weiterentwicklung linksautonomer Ansätze zum Umgang mit Konflikten aufgezeigt

The Evolution of an Architectural Paradigm - Using Blockchain to Build a Cross-Organizational Enterprise Service Bus

Cross-organizational collaboration and the exchange of process data are indispensable for many processes in federally organized governments. Conventional IT solutions, such as cross-organizational workflow management systems, address these requirements through centralized process management and architectures. However, such centralization is difficult and often undesirable in federal contexts. One alternative solution that emphasizes decentralized process management and a decentralized architecture is the blockchain solution of Germany’s Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. Here, we investigate the architecture of this solution and examine how it addresses the requirements of federal contexts. We find that the solution’s architecture resembles an improvement and cross-organizational adaption of an old architectural paradigm, the enterprise service bus

Reproductive performance of pandemic influenza A virus infected sow herds before and after implementation of a vaccine against the influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus

Background: Reproductive failure in sow herds due to infection with influenza A viruses has been described in the literature, but only a few studies have focused on the pathogenesis and the clinical signs of the infection. Case reports indicate an association between infections with influenza A viruses and reduced reproductive performance, although it has been difficult to experimentally reproduce the clinical outcome of poor reproductive performance. The aim of the present longitudinal field study was to compare the reproductive performance parameters before and after the implementation of vaccination against the influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus in sow herds infected with pandemic influenza A virus. Therefore, farm-specific data of 137 sow herds in Germany, including 60,153 sows, as well as the clinical presentation of the infection were surveyed via questionnaire. Furthermore, average performance parameters (return to oestrus rate, abortion rate, stillbirth rate, number of piglets born alive per litter, preweaning mortality rate and number of piglets weaned per sow per year) were recorded for 6 months before vaccination and 6 months after completion of primary vaccination. Results: In 79.8% of the farms, the clinical presentation of the infection was characterised by a reduced reproductive performance. These findings were confirmed by analysis of the performance parameters, which revealed a significant decline in the return to oestrus rate (p < 0.001), abortion rate (p < 0.001) and preweaning mortality rate (p = 0.023) and a significant increase of the number in piglets born alive (p = 0.001) and piglets weaned per sow per year (p < 0.001) after immunisation. The stillbirth rate did not change significantly. Conclusion: The present study represents the first attempt to demonstrate the association of influenza A virus infection, vaccination and the alteration in reproductive performance parameters, investigating a large number of cases. The results show that by vaccinating against the influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus, an improvement in reproductive performance can be achieved in sow herds infected with pandemic influenza A virus. Additionally, the large number of herds that were affected by poor reproductive performance after infection with the aforementioned virus confirms the assumption of an association between pandemic influenza A virus and reproductive losses

Bacterial urinary tract infection and subclinical bacteriuria in dogs receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy

Background: Immunosuppressive treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclosporine increases the risk for positive urine cultures (PUCs) in dogs. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and incidence of PUC in dogs diagnosed with cancer and treated with antineoplastic chemotherapy while distinguishing between subclinical bacteriuria (SB) and urinary tract infection (UTI). Animals: Forty-six client-owned dogs with nonurogenital cancer treated with anti- neoplastic chemotherapy. Methods: Prospective observational longitudinal clinical study. Dogs in which a urine culture was performed before the start of and at least once during antineoplastic chemotherapy were included. A McNemar's test was used to investigate if the preva- lence of PUC increased during antineoplastic chemotherapy. Positive urine cultures were categorized into SB and UTI and multiple PUCs from the same dog and cate- gory were grouped together as 1 episode of PUC. Results: Urine culture was positive in 21/185 urine samples in 8/46 dogs. Antineo- plastic chemotherapy did not influence the prevalence of PUC (P = 1.00), which was 11% (5/46 dogs; 95% confidence interval: 5-23%) before the start of and 13% (6/46 dogs; 95% confidence interval: 6-26%) during antineoplastic chemotherapy. Eight dogs had 10 episodes of PUC; 7/10 episodes were classified as SB, and in 3/10 epi- sodes UTI (chronic prostatitis, prostatic abscess, and emphysematous cystitis) was diagnosed. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, isolated in 9/10 episodes. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: We did not find evidence that antineoplastic chemotherapy is a major predisposing factor for the development of PUC. Most dogs with PUC had SB

A comparative study between olive oil and corn oil on oxidative metabolism

Fats are an important part of diet, but not all lipids have the same structure and chemical properties. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in their structure and can be monounsaturated or polyunsaturated, respectively. Most vegetable oils, such as olive oil and corn oil, contain significant amounts of these fatty acids. The presence of double bonds in the molecule of a fatty acid constitutes vulnerable sites for oxidation reactions generating lipid peroxides, potentially toxic compounds that can cause cellular damage. In response to this oxidative damage, aerobic organisms have intracellular enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. The aim of the present investigation was to study comparatively the effects of control liquid diets, of a defined composition, containing olive oil or corn oil as a lipid source respectively of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the oxidative metabolism of rats. Rats were divided into three groups which received a control animal feed diet (A.F.), olive oil liquid diet (O.O) and corn oil liquid diet (C.O) for 30 days. It was observed that the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), increased in the liver and white fat tissue of rats fed with olive oil when compared to the corn oil group. However, in brown fat tissue and blood cells, the enzyme activities showed a tendency to decrease in the olive oil group. In addition, the effect of olive oil and corn oil on several glucose metabolism parameters (pyruvate, lactate, LDH, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) showed that corn oil impairs to a greater extent the cellular metabolism. All these results helped in concluding that some body tissues are more adversely affected than others by the administration of corn oil or olive oil, and their antioxidant defenses and cellular metabolism respond differently too.This work was supported by the Universidad Católica de Valencia “San Vicente Mártir” (grant number: UCV257-001)Nutrición humana y dietétic

Nutrition planning and hydration control during a six-stage Pirineos FIT Endurance trail-running race. A case report

Ultra-endurance competitions are highly demanding sport events for athletes and require a carefully controlled nutrition, hydration and supplementation before, during and after the physical effort. Scientific research has shown a positive relationship between dietetic (caloric and macronutrient ingestion) recommendations and sport performance. This study describes the nutritional and hydration planning applied to an athlete competing at the Pirineos FIT (a semi-self-sufficient trail-running multi-stage event). Diary caloric ingestion was around 4000 Kcal, 550 Kcal were consumed during the race. In general, the athlete maintained the minimal recommendable levels of hydration (2.5% Body Weight Loss) and Borg's Scale of Exertion (RPE) was used to report subjective perception of fatigue after each stage. Hematological and biochemical parameters showed a normal response to endurance physical exercise. Therefore, the nutrition and hydration planning were successfully applied.Nutrición humana y dietétic

Oxygenic metabolism in nutritional obesity induced by olive oil

Obesity is a medical and sociological problem of great importance due to the high percentage of people affected and the important health consequences that it involves. Most cases of obesity are related to an inadequate diet, rich in fats, which could lead to changes in the patient's oxygenic metabolism. That is why this study has been proposed to evaluate how some aspects of oxygenic metabolism are affected in a nutritional experimental model, with a controlled hyperlipidic liquid diet based on olive oil, and the effect of the antioxidant vitamin C on these conditions. Wistar rats were divided into four groups which received a control and hyperlipidic liquid diet for 30 days, with or without a vitamin C supplement (CO, COC, HO and HOC). First of all the body and fat tissue development was measured in the four groups. Our results showed that the excessive intake of nutritional and healthy fat such as olive oil did not prevent the appearance of obesity and the supplementation with vitamin C did not have a protective effect on body and fat development. The study of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in total liver, liver cytosol, abdominal white fat, brown fat and blood cells showed that vitamin C could have different selectivities and affinities for different enzymes and compartments/tissues of the body. Finally, the effect of vitamin C on various metabolic parameters (glucose, pyruvate, lactate, LDH, ATP, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) provided positive protection against oxidative stress especially under hyperlipidic conditions. All things considered, the present study concludes that vitamin C treatment could protect Wistar rats from the oxidative stress impairment induced by obesity generated by an excessive intake of fats.This work was supported by the Universidad Católica de Valencia “San Vicente Mártir” (Grant Number: UCV257-001)Nutrición humana y dietétic

Nutritional intake of patients affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in an ambulatory artificial nutrition clinic in Portugal

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative pathology, which causes motor neuron death. It results in weight loss, loss of muscle mass and increased nutritional deficiencies. There is a link between nutritional intake and the pathogenesis of ALS. The aim of this analysis was to describe the sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinic characteristics as well as the nutritional intake in a sample of Portuguese ALS patients. Material and Methods: A brief clinical history was taken. Body weight was measured according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) and height was taken from the patient’s clinical record. A dietary-nutritional anamnesis and a dietary record were performed. Nutritional intake was analysed with the Nutrition and Health® software and compared with the dietary reference intakes (DRI). The nutritional adequacy index was consider below recommendations when it was ≤80%. Results: 13 patients (7 men) aged 53-83 years were analysed. 69.20% presented bulbar ALS. 54% were normal weight. All patients had dysphagia and dysarthria and 84.62% had constipation. Compared to the DRI, in both sexes, nutritional deficiency of fiber, vitamin D, E, B8, B9, calcium, magnesium and iodine was identified, accompanied by a nutritional excess of protein, lipids, saturated fatty acids and sodium. Conclusions: The finding of these nutritional deficiencies is relevant because the nutrients involved influence pathogenic mechanisms of ALS, because they are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and contribute to normal motor neuron function. Identified nutritional excesses are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and increased risk of ALS. Further research in larger sample sizes are needed to contribute to the understanding of the associations between nutritional excess and deficiencies and risk of ALS development and/or progression.Introducción: La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una patología neurodegenerativa crónica y progresiva, que produce la muerte de las motoneuronas. Deriva en pérdida de peso, de masa muscular e incremento de deficiencias nutricionales. Existe relación entre la ingesta nutricional y la patogénesis de la ELA. El objetivo de este análisis fue describir las características sociodemográficas, antropométricas y clínicas junto con la ingesta nutricional en una muestra de pacientes portugueses afectados de ELA. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una anamnesis clínica breve. El peso corporal fue evaluado siguiendo el protocolo de la International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) y la talla mediante el expediente clínico del paciente. Se realizó una anamnesis dietético-nutricional y un registro dietético. La ingesta nutricional se analizó con el software Nutrición y Salud® y se comparó con las ingestas dietéticas de referencia (IDR). El índice de adecuación nutricional se consideró inferior a las recomendaciones cuando fue ≤80%. Resultados: Fueron analizados 13 pacientes (7 hombres) con edades comprendidas entre los 53-83 años. El 69,20% presentó ELA bulbar. Un 54% presentó normopeso. Todos los pacientes presentaron disfagia y disartria y un 84,62% constipación. En comparación a las IDR, en ambos sexos, se identificó deficiencia nutricional de fibra, vitamina D, E, B8, B9, calcio, magnesio y yodo, acompañado de un exceso nutricional de proteínas, lípidos, ácidos grasos saturados y sodio. Conclusiones: El hallazgo de estas deficiencias nutricionales es relevante ya que los nutrientes involucrados influyen sobre los mecanismos patogénicos de la ELA, porque son antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios y contribuyen al normal funcionamiento de las motoneuronas. Los excesos nutricionales identificados se relacionan con estrés oxidativo, inflamación y mayor riesgo de ELA. Son necesarios más estudios en muestras de mayor tamaño para contribuir a la comprensión de la relación entre las carencias y excesos nutricionales y el riesgo de desarrollo y/o progresión de la enfermedad.Nutrición humana y dietétic

Vitamin b1 intake in multiple sclerosis patients and its impact on depression presence: a pilot study

Vitamin B1, or thiamine, is one of the most relevant vitamins in obtaining energy for the nervous system. Thiamine deficiency or lack of activity causes neurological manifestations, especially symptoms of depression, intrinsic to multiple sclerosis (MS) and related to its pathogenesis. On this basis, the aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between the nutritional habits of patients with MS and the presence of depression. Therefore, a cross-sectional and observational descriptive study was conducted. An analysis of dietary habits and vitamin B1 consumption in a Spanish population of 51 MS patients was performed by recording the frequency of food consumption. Results showed a vitamin B1 intake within the established range, mainly provided by the consumption of ultra-processed products such as cold meats or pastries, and a total carbohydrate consumption lower than recommended, which stands out for its high content of simple carbohydrates deriving from processed foods such as dairy desserts, juice, snacks, pastries, chocolate bars, soft drinks and fermented alcohol. In addition, a significant negative correlation between depression and the intake of thiamine and total carbohydrates was observed. These findings could explain the influence of MS patients’ eating habits, and consequently vitamin B1 activity, on depression levels.This research was funded by the Catholic University Foundation San Vicente Mártir, for the research project “The Impact of Triglycerides on Multiple Sclerosis” (promotion code 2018-203-001)Nutrición humana y dietétic