Einführung in die Theorie der p-adischen Zahlen und nichtarchimedischen Absolutbeträge

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Körpern, die mit einem nichtarchimedischen Absolutbetrag ausgestattet sind, insbesondere mit dem Körper der p-adischen Zahlen, und stellt eine Einführung in dieses Gebiet dar. Nichtarchimedische Absolutbeträge sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einer stärkeren Form der Dreiecksungleichung genügen: Der Betrag der Summe zweier Elemente ist nicht nur kleiner oder gleich der Summe ihrer Beträge sondern sogar kleiner oder gleich dem Maximum der einzelnen Beträge. Ist ein Körper mit einem solchen Absolutbetrag ausgestattet, hat das weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Topologie, die Metrik sowie die algebraische Struktur dieses Körpers. Auf dem Körper der rationalen Zahlen kann der p-adische Absolutbetrag definiert werden. Jeder andere nichtarchimedische Absolutbetrag auf Q ist diesem äquivalent. Der Körper der p-adischen Zahlen stellt die Vervollständigung der rationalen Zahlen bezüglich des p-adischen Absolutbetrags dar. Die Voraussetzungen, eine nichtarchimedische Analysis zu entwickeln, sind somit gegeben. Ebenso wenig wie die reellen Zahlen ist der Körper der p-adischen Zahlen algebraisch abgeschlossen, doch es erweist sich als deutlich aufwändiger als im reellen Fall, einen Erweiterungskörper zu finden, der sowohl algebraisch abgeschlossen als auch vollständig ist

The Role of Bias in News Recommendation in the Perception of the Covid-19 Pandemic

News recommender systems (NRs) have been shown to shape public discourse and to enforce behaviors that have a critical, oftentimes detrimental effect on democracies. Earlier research on the impact of media bias has revealed their strong impact on opinions and preferences. Responsible NRs are supposed to have depolarizing capacities, once they go beyond accuracy measures. We performed sequence prediction by using the BERT4Rec algorithm to investigate the interplay of news of coverage and user behavior. Based on live data and training of a large data set from one news outlet "event bursts", "rally around the flag" effect and "filter bubbles" were investigated in our interdisciplinary approach between data science and psychology. Potentials for fair NRs that go beyond accuracy measures are outlined via training of the models with a large data set of articles, keywords, and user behavior. The development of the news coverage and user behavior of the COVID-19 pandemic from primarily medical to broader political content and debates was traced. Our study provides first insights for future development of responsible news recommendation that acknowledges user preferences while stimulating diversity and accountability instead of accuracy, only.Comment: Accepted for presentation at the 5th FAccTRec Workshop on Responsible Recommendation (FAccTRec '22). Revised based on the reviewers' feedbac

State Legislative Update

Effective July 1, 1995, as part of the nursing facility enforcement regulations, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services required states to provide nursing facilities with the opportunity for informal dispute reolution reviews. This dispute resolution system was set up in order to avoid the potentially prolonged resolution process associated with more formal appeals. These regulations do not prevent a nursing facility from pursuing a former appeal of the disputed deficiency, but the regulations do give an expedited alternative to the formal process

State Legislative Update

Effective July 1, 1995, as part of the nursing facility enforcement regulations, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services required states to provide nursing facilities with the opportunity for informal dispute reolution reviews. This dispute resolution system was set up in order to avoid the potentially prolonged resolution process associated with more formal appeals. These regulations do not prevent a nursing facility from pursuing a former appeal of the disputed deficiency, but the regulations do give an expedited alternative to the formal process

Exploring Causal Relationships Among Emotional and Topical Trajectories in Political Text Data

We explore relationships between dynamics of emotion (arousal and valence) and topical stability in political discourse in two diachronic corpora of Austrian German. In doing so, we assess interactions among emotional and topical dynamics related to political parties as well as interactions between two different domains of discourse: debates in the parliament and journalistic media. Methodologically, we employ unsupervised techniques, time-series clustering and Granger-causal modeling to detect potential interactions. We find that emotional and topical dynamics in the media are only rarely a reflex of dynamics in parliamentary discourse

Harnessing Naturally Occurring Tumor Immunity: A Clinical Vaccine Trial in Prostate Cancer

International audienceBACKGROUND:Studies of patients with paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) have revealed that apoptotic tumor serves as a potential potent trigger for the initiation of naturally occurring tumor immunity. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of an apoptotic tumor-autologous dendritic cell (DC) vaccine.METHODS AND FINDINGS:We have modeled PND tumor immunity in a clinical trial in which apoptotic allogeneic prostate tumor cells were used to generate an apoptotic tumor-autologous dendritic cell vaccine. Twenty-four prostate cancer patients were immunized in a Phase I, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine. Vaccinations were safe and well tolerated. Importantly, we also found that the vaccine was immunogenic, inducing delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, with no effect on FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. A statistically significant increase in T cell proliferation responses to prostate tumor cells in vitro (p = 0.002), decrease in prostate specific antigen (PSA) slope (p = 0.016), and a two-fold increase in PSA doubling time (p = 0.003) were identified when we compared data before and after vaccination.CONCLUSIONS:An apoptotic cancer cell vaccine modeled on naturally occurring tumor immune responses in PND patients provides a safe and immunogenic tumor vaccine

Modeling and understanding social influence in groups and networks

Zusammenfassung in deutscher SpracheSocial influence occurs when a person changes her behavior according to the behavior of other people in the social system. Today, these complex mechanisms can be studied by making use of vast amounts of detailed data on human behavior and social interactions, coming from the World Wide Web and other data sources. The main objective of this work is to capture social influence processes in computational models on a large scale. In the presented analysis, three levels of information are distinguished (i.e., individual, group and network level). To illustrate each level in detail and to show their differences, conventional methods and their shortcomings are discussed and empirical studies are conducted. At the individual level, regression models are applied; at the group level, approaches based on geometric data analysis; and at the network level, social network analysis. At the network level, conditional random field models are introduced as an alternative way to capture social influence processes. Finally, it is discussed, how all three levels can be integrated into one model. The empirical analyses are related to travel recommender systems, churn behavior, sentiments in online forums and team-vs-team competitions. The results of this belong to two categories: 1) methodological advances; 2) concrete statements in different domains of application. It is shown that the introduced models are able to capture social context in an accurate way. Most of them, moreover, scale well. Furthermore, integrating different levels of information allows comparing them and their associations with the studied social influence processes directly. Thus, a more comprehensive picture of the respective domain of application is obtained.15

IT and tourism: still a hot topic, but do not forget IT

More and more aspects of our life “move” to the Web. The Web and the Internet, as the underlying information infrastructure and “machine”, can be considered as a mirror of the “real” physical world. However, the Web is not only reflecting this world, it is obviously also transforming it, where it is increasingly hard to distinguish between the physical and the virtual. It acts both as an enabler and driver of new, technical, economic and societal developments. With recent achievements in areas such as machine learning, Internet of Things or artificial intelligence (or rather intelligent assistance—a probably more appropriate term), we see the power of computer science. In this short comment, we argue that IT and tourism is still a hot topic, also or especially from a scientific point of view. However, from this latter point of view this might change, and we claim that, in order to prevent the field from becoming insignificant, more emphasis must be put on technical and formal aspects of science. We do not know the future, we are not “futurologists” (In a marketing note of an innovation and technology conference, the organizers even wanted to provide a look beyond the future—we have no idea how this nonsense could be done!), but we take the freedom to highlight some issues, which we consider to be important—in particular since one of the authors has a background of driving the field for nearly 30 years