4,101 research outputs found
Protocol for the economic evaluation of a complex intervention to improve the mental health of maltreated infants and children in foster care in the UK (The BeST? services trial)
Introduction: Children who have experienced abuse and neglect are at increased risk of mental and physical health problems throughout life. This places an enormous burden on individuals, families and society in terms of health services, education, social care and judiciary sectors. Evidence suggests that early intervention can mitigate the negative consequences of child maltreatment, exerting long-term positive effects on the health of maltreated children entering foster care. However, evidence on cost-effectiveness of such complex interventions is limited. This protocol describes the first economic evaluation of its kind in the UK.
Methods and analysis: An economic evaluation alongside the Best Services Trial (BeST?) has been prospectively designed to identify, measure and value key resource and outcome impacts arising from the New Orleans intervention model (NIM) (an infant mental health service) compared with case management (CM) (enhanced social work services as usual). A within-trial economic evaluation and long-term model from a National Health Service/Personal Social Service and a broader societal perspective will be undertaken alongside the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)āPublic Health Research Unit (PHRU)-funded randomised multicentre BeST?. BeST? aims to evaluate NIM compared with CM for maltreated children entering foster care in a UK context. Collection of Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the recent mapping of PedsQL to EuroQol-5-Dimensions (EQ-5D) will facilitate the estimation of quality-adjusted life years specific to the infant population for a costāutility analysis. Other effectiveness outcomes will be incorporated into a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-consequences analysis (CCA). A long-term economic model and multiple economic evaluation frameworks will provide decision-makers with a comprehensive, multiperspective guide regarding cost-effectiveness of NIM. The long-term population health economic model will be developed to synthesise trial data with routine linked data and key government sector parameters informed by literature. Methods guidance for population health economic evaluation will be adopted (lifetime horizon, 1.5% discount rate for costs and benefits, CCA framework, multisector perspective).
Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval was obtained by the West of Scotland Ethics Committee. Results of the main trial and economic evaluation will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal as well as published in the peer-reviewed NIHR journals library (Public Health Research Programme).
Trial registration number: NCT02653716; Pre-results
Remarks on E11 approach
We consider a few topics in approach to superstring/M-theory: even
subgroups ( orbifolds) of , n=11,10,9 and their connection to
Kac-Moody algebras; subgroup of and coincidence of one of
its weights with the weight of , known to contain brane charges;
possible form of supersymmetry relation in ; decomposition of
w.r.t. the and its square root at first few levels; particle orbit
of . Possible relevance of coadjoint orbits method is
noticed, based on a self-duality form of equations of motion in .Comment: Two references adde
B743: Primary Health Care and the Developmentally Disabled: An Analysis of the Normalization Principle in the State of Maine
At the time of publication, there existed an estimated group of 10 million American people defined as developmentally disabled. Stimulated in part by the often observed dehumanizing environment of institutional arrangement for the mentally disabled, the search for more humane treatment and management alternative has pointed in the direction of what has been termed \u27 normalization.
In 1969, the Danish Mental Retardation Service defined normalization as \u27\u27 letting the mentally retarded obtain an existence as close to normal as possible.
The focus of this study is on barriers to the normalization principle in the provision of primary health care to the developmentally disabled in the State of Maine. Possible barriers include attitudes toward the developmentally disabled, accessibility and quality of community based services, and lack of viable coordination mechanisms. Since 1971, the Maine Department of Mental Health and Corrections has made a concerted effort to encourage services based upon the principle of normalization. As pressures for normalization intensify, it seems warranted that those community-based structures which carry out the concept be examined as to their receptivity and the feasibility of further efforts in this direction. Although the principle of normalization has demonstrated its usefulness and potential, it is not without its limitations (Mesibov 1976). This study made no attempt to examine these limitations of the principle itself.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_bulletin/1127/thumbnail.jp
Currents and Superpotentials in classical gauge theories: II. Global aspects and the example of Affine gravity
The conserved charges associated to gauge symmetries are defined at a
boundary component of space-time because the corresponding Noether current can
be rewritten on-shell as the divergence of a superpotential. However, the
latter is afflicted by ambiguities. Regge and Teitelboim found a procedure to
lift the arbitrariness in the Hamiltonian framework. An alternative covariant
formula was proposed by one of us for an arbitrary variation of the
superpotential, it depends only on the equations of motion and on the gauge
symmetry under consideration. Here we emphasize that in order to compute the
charges, it is enough to stay at a boundary of spacetime, without requiring any
hypothesis about the bulk or about other boundary components, so one may speak
of holographic charges. It is well known that the asymptotic symmetries that
lead to conserved charges are really defined at infinity, but the choice of
boundary conditions and surface terms in the action and in the charges is
usually determined through integration by parts whereas each component of the
boundary should be considered separately. We treat the example of gravity (for
any space-time dimension, with or without cosmological constant), formulated as
an Affine theory which is a natural generalization of the Palatini and
Cartan-Weyl (vielbein) first order formulations. We then show that the
superpotential associated to a Dirichlet boundary condition on the metric (the
one needed to treat asymptotically flat or AdS spacetimes) is the one proposed
by Katz, Bi\u{c}{\'a}k and Lynden-Bell and not that of Komar. We finally
discuss the KBL superpotential at null infinity.Comment: 16 pages, minor corrections and references added. Final version to
appear in CQ
The homeodomain protein PAL-1 specifies a lineage-specific regulatory network in the C. elegans embryo
Maternal and zygotic activities of the homeodomain protein PAL-1 specify the identity and maintain the development of the multipotent C blastomere lineage in the C. elegans embryo. To identify PAL-1 regulatory target genes, we used microarrays to compare transcript abundance in wild-type embryos with mutant embryos lacking a C blastomere and to mutant embryos with extra C blastomeres. pal-1-dependent C-lineage expression was verified for select candidate target genes by reporter gene analysis, though many of the target genes are expressed in additional lineages as well. The set of validated target genes includes 12 transcription factors, an uncharacterized wingless ligand and five uncharacterized genes. Phenotypic analysis demonstrates that the identified PAL-1 target genes affect specification, differentiation and morphogenesis of C-lineage cells. In particular, we show that cell fate-specific genes (or tissue identity genes) and a posterior HOX gene are activated in lineage-specific fashion. Transcription of targets is initiated in four temporal phases, which together with their spatial expression patterns leads to a model of the regulatory network specified by PAL-1
Time-like T-duality algebra
When compactifying M- or type II string-theories on tori of indefinite
space-time signature, their low energy theories involve sigma models on
E_{n(n)}/H_n, where H_n is a not necessarily compact subgroup of E_{n(n)} whose
complexification is identical to the complexification of the maximal compact
subgroup of E_{n(n)}. We discuss how to compute the group H_n. For finite
dimensional E_{n(n)}, a formula derived from the theory of real forms of E_n
algebra's gives the possible groups immediately. A few groups that have not
appeared in the literature are found. For n=9,10,11 we compute and describe the
relevant real forms of E_n and H_n. A given H_n can correspond to multiple
signatures for the compact torus. We compute the groups H_n for all
compactifications of M-, M*-, and M'-theories, and type II-, II*- and
II'-theories on tori of arbitrary signature, and collect them in tables that
outline the dualities between them. In an appendix we list cosets G/H, with G
split and H a subgroup of G, that are relevant to timelike toroidal
compactifications and oxidation of theories with enhanced symmetries.Comment: LaTeX, 37 pages, 1 eps-figure, uses JHEP.cls; v2. corrected typo's in
tables 16 and 17, minor changes to tex
E10 and SO(9,9) invariant supergravity
We show that (massive) D=10 type IIA supergravity possesses a hidden rigid
SO(9,9) symmetry and a hidden local SO(9) x SO(9) symmetry upon dimensional
reduction to one (time-like) dimension. We explicitly construct the associated
locally supersymmetric Lagrangian in one dimension, and show that its bosonic
sector, including the mass term, can be equivalently described by a truncation
of an E10/K(E10) non-linear sigma-model to the level \ell<=2 sector in a
decomposition of E10 under its so(9,9) subalgebra. This decomposition is
presented up to level 10, and the even and odd level sectors are identified
tentatively with the Neveu--Schwarz and Ramond sectors, respectively. Further
truncation to the level \ell=0 sector yields a model related to the reduction
of D=10 type I supergravity. The hyperbolic Kac--Moody algebra DE10, associated
to the latter, is shown to be a proper subalgebra of E10, in accord with the
embedding of type I into type IIA supergravity. The corresponding decomposition
of DE10 under so(9,9) is presented up to level 5.Comment: 1+39 pages LaTeX2e, 2 figures, 2 tables, extended tables obtainable
by downloading sourc
Publishing Open, Reproducible Research With Undergraduates
In response to growing concern in psychology and other sciences about low rates of replicability of published findings (Open Science Collaboration, 2015), there has been a movement toward conducting open and transparent research (see Chambers, 2017). This has led to changes in statistical reporting guidelines in journals (Appelbaum et al., 2018), new professional societies (e.g, Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science), frameworks for posting materials, data, code, and manuscripts (e.g., Open Science Framework, PsyArXiv), initiatives for sharing data and collaborating (e.g., Psych Science Accelerator, Study Swap), and educational resources for teaching through replication (e.g., Collaborative Replications and Education Project). This ācredibility revolutionā (Vazire, 2018) provides many opportunities for researchers. However, given the recency of the changes and the rapid pace of advancements (see Houtkoop et al., 2018), it may be overwhelming for faculty to know whether and how to begin incorporating open science practices into research with undergraduates.
In this paper, we will not attempt to catalogue the entirety of the open science movement (see recommended resources below for more information), but will instead highlight why adopting open science practices may be particularly beneficial to conducting and publishing research with undergraduates. The first author is a faculty member at Carleton College (a small, undergraduate-only liberal arts college) and the second is a former undergraduate research assistant (URA) and lab manager in Dr. Strandās lab, now pursuing a PhD at Washington University in St. Louis. We argue that open science practices have tremendous benefits for undergraduate students, both in creating publishable results and in preparing students to be critical consumers of science
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