Effect of incorporation of 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate on flexural strength of a denture base acrylic resin

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins have commonly been used as a denture base material. However, denture bases may act as a reservoir for microorganisms and contribute to oral diseases in denture wearers. It is hypothesized that the 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate (TBAEMA) incorporated to acrylic resins should have antimicrobial activity related to the presence of amino groups on acrylic resin surface. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of amino groups on acrylic resin surface and the influence on flexural strength after incorporation of TBAEMA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six groups were divided according to the concentration of TBAEMA incorporated to acrylic resin (Lucitone 550): 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.75 and 2%. Specimens surface were evaluated by Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) to detect the presence of amino groups, represented by nitrogen ratios. Flexural strength of the specimens was tested and results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: Different nitrogen ratios were observed on specimen surfaces: 0, 0.13, 0.74, 0.66, 0.92 and 0.33% for groups 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.75, and 2%, respectively. Significant differences were found for flexural strength (

Effect of an acrylic resin combined with an antimicrobial polymer on biofilm formation

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of an acrylic resin combined with an antimicrobial polymer poly (2-tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate (PTBAEMA) to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilm formation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Discs of a heat-polymerized acrylic resin were produced and divided according to PTBAEMA concentration: 0 (control), 10 and 25%. The specimens were inoculated (10(7) CFU/mL) and incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. After incubation, the wells were washed and each specimen was sonicated for 20 min. Replicate aliquots of resultant suspensions were plated at dilutions at 37ºC for 48 h. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted and expressed as log (CFU+1)/mL and analyzed statistically with α=.05. RESULTS: The results showed that 25% PTBAEMA completely inhibited S. aureus and S. mutans biofilm formation. A significant reduction of log (CFU+1)/mL in count of S. aureus (control: 7.9±0.8A; 10%: 3.8±3.3B) and S. mutans (control: 7.5±0.7A; 10%: 5.1±2.7B) was observed for the group containing 10% PTBAEMA (Mann-Whitney,

Avaliação da resistência de união entre dentes artificiais e resinas acrílicas para base protética. Efeito de termociclagem

O estudo avaliou a resistência de união entre dentes artificiais e resinas acrílicas para base protética e o efeito da termociclagem. Para isso foram utilizadas três marcas comerciais de dentes artificiais de resina acrílica (Biotone, Trilux e Ivoclar) e quatro de resinas acrílicas para base protética, sendo duas termopolimerizáveis por banho de água quente (Lucitone 550 e QC-20), uma polimerizada por meio da energia de microondas (Acron MC) e uma fotopolimerizável (Versyo.com). Vinte espécimes foram confeccionados para cada combinação de dente artificial e resina acrílica e divididos em 2 grupos (n=10) nas seguintes condições experimentais: sem a ação da termociclagem (grupo controle) e com a ação da termociclagem. Os espécimes dos grupos com termociclagem foram submetidos 5000 ciclos com temperatura variando entre 4º e 60ºC e tempo de imersão de 30 segundos em cada. Em seguida, os espécimes foram submetidos ao ensaio mecânico de cisalhamento em máquina universal a uma velocidade de 1mm/min. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância a três fatores seguida pelo teste de Bonferroni para comparações múltiplas (a=0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que a termociclagem reduziu significantemente os valores médios de resistência de união da resina acrílica Lucitone 550 quando associada aos dentes Biotone e Trilux e com a resina Versyo.com e os dentes Ivoclar P<0,05). E que as médias de resistência de união das resinas acrílicas Acron MC e Lucitone 550 quando associadas aos dentes Ivoclar aumentaram significantemente após a ação da termociclagem (P<0,05). Conclui-se que algumas combinações de dente artificial e resina acrílica podem ser mais afetadas pela ação da termociclagem, e esses efeitos variam de acordo com os materiais selecionados.The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of denture base resins to acrylic denture teeth and the effect of the thermocycling. Three acrylic denture teeth (Biotone, Trilux and Ivoclar) were chosen for bonding to four denture base resins: one microwave-polymerized (Acron MC), two heat-polymerized (Lucitone 550 and QC-20) and one light-polymerized (Versyo.com). Twenty specimens were produced for each denture base/acrylic denture tooth combination and were divided into 2 groups (n=10) as follows: without thermocycling (control groups) and thermocycled groups that were submitted to 5,000 cycles between 4º and 60ºC with a dwell time of 30 seconds in each bath. Shear strength tests (MPa) were performed with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until fracture. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out with 3-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons post hoc analysis for test groups (a=.05). A significant interaction between denture base resin, acrylic denture teeth and thermocycling (P<.001) was observed. The shear bond strengths of Lucitone 550/Biotone, Lucitone 550/Trilux and Versyo.com/Ivoclar specimens were significantly decreased by thermocycling compared with the corresponding control groups (P<.05). The shear bond strengths of Acron/Ivoclar and Lucitone/Ivoclar specimens significantly increased after thermocycling (P<.05). Some acrylic tooth/denture base resin combinations can be more affected by thermocycling; the effects vary based upon the materials used.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Atividade antimicrobiana de uma resina acrílica para base protética combinada a um polímero antimicrobiano sobre a formação de biofilme

Por ser considerada um ambiente propício para proliferação de microrganismos bucais e formação de biofilme, possibilitando o aparecimento de estomatite protética, a adição de um polímero com ação antimicrobiana à resina acrílica poderia favorecer a saúde bucal do paciente edentado e torná-la menos suscetível à formação de biofilmes. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de uma resina acrílica termopolimerizável para base protética combinada ao polímero antimicrobiano poli(2 tert-butilaminoetil) metacrilato (PTBAEMA) sobre formação de biofilme de Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococcus mutans e Candida albicans. Trinta espécimes de formato circular foram confeccionados a partir da resina acrílica termopolimerizável (Lucitone 550) e divididos em três grupos de acordo com as diferentes concentrações de PTBAEMA 0, 10 e 25%. Os espécimes foram inoculados e incubados a 37ºC por 48h. Após esse período, cada espécimes foi transferido para tubos contendo solução salina. Em seguida, foram realizadas diluições seriadas da suspensão resultante e alíquotas dessas diluições foram semeados em placas de Petri e incubadas a 37ºC por 48h. Os dados obtidos foram transformados em log(UFC+1)/ml e analisados pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis (α=0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo contendo 25% de PTBAEMA inibiu completamente a formação de biofilme de S. aureus e S. mutans. Uma redução significativa na contagem de log(UFC+1)ml de S. aureus (P=0,001) e S. mutans (P=0,001) para o grupo contendo 10% de PTBAEMA foi observada quando comparada aos valores encontrados nos respectivos grupos controle. Para C. albicans não foi encontrada diferença significante entre grupos contendo PTBAEMA e o grupo controle (P=0,079). Conclui-se que a resina...Denture base acrylic resins have been shown to be reservoirs for microorganisms and are a potential to support the formation of biofilm, which may result in the development of denture stomatitis. Thus, the addition of a polymer with antimicrobial activity to the acrylic resin could inhibit biofilm growth on denture base. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of an acrylic resin combined with antimicrobial polymer poly (2-tertbutylaminoethyl) methacrylate (PTBAEMA) to inhibit biofilm formation of three species of microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans). Thirty discs of a heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) were produced and divided into three groups, according to the concentration of PTBAEMA: 0% (control), 10% and 25%. The specimens were individually inoculated with appropriate media containing one of the tested microorganisms and incubated for 37ºC for 48h under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. After incubation, each specimen was transferred to sterile tube containing sterile distilled water. Replicate aliquots of resultant suspensions were plated at dilutions for 48h at 37ºC. After incubation, the mean microbial counts were expressed as log (CFU + 1)/mL and analyzed statistically with α=.05. The results showed that the group containing 25% of PTBAEMA completely inhibited biofilm formation of S. aureus and S. mutans. A significant reduction in count of log (CFU +1) ml of S. aureus (P=0.001) and S. mutans (P=0.001) was observed for the group containing 10% PTBAEMA when compared to respective control groups. For C. albicans, differences were not significant between groups containing PTBAEMA and control group (P=0.079). It was concluded that 10% and 25% of PTBAEMA showed, respectively, a bacteriostatic and bactericidal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Influence of microwave polymerization method and thickness on porosity of acrylic resin

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of polymerization cycle and thickness of maxillary complete denture bases on the porosity of acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: Two heat-activated denture base resins - one conventional (Clássico) and one designed for microwave polymerization (Onda-Cryl) - were used. Four groups were established, according to polymerization cycles: A (Onda-Cryl, short microwave cycle), B (Onda-Cryl, long microwave cycle), C (Onda-Cryl, manufacturing microwave cycle), and T (Clássico, water bath). Porosity was evaluated for different thicknesses (2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 mm; thicknesses I, II, and III, respectively) by measurement of the specimen volume before and after its immersion in water. The percent porosity data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis for comparison among the groups. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test detected that the combinations of the different cycles and thicknesses showed significant differences, and the mean ranks of percent porosity showed differences only in the thinnest (2.0 mm) microwave-polymerized specimens (A = 53.55, B = 40.80, and C = 90.70). Thickness did not affect the results for cycle T (I = 96.15, II = 70.20, and III = 82.70), because porosity values were similar in the three thicknesses. Conclusions: Microwave polymerization cycles and the specimen thickness of acrylic resin influenced porosity. Porosity differences were not observed in the polymerized resin bases in the water bath cycle for any thickness. © 2007 by The American College of Prosthodontists

Caracterização química e resistência à flexão de uma resina acrílica após a incorporação de um polímero com atividade antimicrobiana

Introduction: Acrylic resins with antimicrobial activity could offer patients complete denture and partial wearers’ improvement in their oral health by means of a better control of biofilm formation. Objective: The objective of this study was chemically characterize a denture base acrylic resin (Onda-Cryl) that was incorporated the antimicrobial polymer 2-tert-butylaminoethyl (PTBAEMA) and to evaluate the flexural strength of this resin. Material and method: Rectangular specimens were from a denture base acrylic resin with different concentrations of PTBAEMA (0,5 and 10%). Specimens’ surfaces were assessed by ESCA to detect the presence of amine groups, represented by nitrogen ratios. Analysis of FTIR and DSC were used to evaluate the polymerization process and the influence of the incorporation of PTBAEMA in Tg of the resin, respectively. Flexural strength was evaluated and the results were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). Result: Different nitrogen ratios were observed for groups 0, 5 and 10% (0, 0.85 and 5.82% respectively), there was copolymerization between the resin and PTBAEMA, and reduction of Tg after incorporation of PTBAEMA. Significant differences were found for flexural strength (p < 0.05), the mean values were 94.7 ± 9.4A, 21.8 ± 3.4B, 13.0 ± 1.5C MPa for groups 0,5 and 10%, respectively. Conclusion: The incorporation of PTBAEMA resulted in copolymerization, presence of amine groups on specimens’ surfaces, and in decrease of Tg and flexural strength.Introdução: Resinas acrílicas com atividade antimicrobiana poderiam oferecer aos pacientes usuários de próteses parciais e totais melhorias na sua saúde oral por meio de um melhor controle de biofilme. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar quimicamente uma resina acrílica para base protética (Onda-Cryl), à qual foi incorporado o polímero antimicrobiano 2-tert-butilaminoetil (PTBAEMA), além de avaliar a resistência à flexão dessa resina. Material e método: Foram confeccionados espécimes de formato retangular a partir da resina acrílica contendo diferentes concentrações de PTBAEMA (0,5 e 10%). A superfície dos espécimes foi avaliada por meio de ESCA para detectar a presença de grupos amina, representada por índices de nitrogênio. As análises de FTIR e DSC foram utilizadas para avaliar o processo de polimerização e a influência da incorporação de PTBAEMA na Tg da resina, respectivamente. A resistência à flexão dos espécimes foi avaliada e os resultados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância a um fator (ANOVA), seguida pelo teste HSD de Tukey (α = 0,05). Resultado: Foram observados diferentes índices de nitrogênio para os grupos 0, 5 e 10% (0, 0,85 e 5,82%, respectivamente); houve copolimerização entre a resina e o PTBAEMA, e redução da Tg após incorporação. Foram encontradas diferenças significantes para a resistência à flexão (p < 0,05) cujos resultados foram 94,7 ± 9,4A, 21,8 ± 3,4B, 13,0 ± 1,5C MPa para os grupos 0,5 e 10%, respectivamente. Conclusão: A incorporação de PTBAEMA resultou em copolimerização, presença de grupos amina na superfície dos espécimes e diminuição da Tg e da resistência à flexão.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq